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CATTI全國翻譯專業(yè)資格(水平)考試真題
通過深入研究真題，考生不僅能快速把握考試要點、明確復習重點，還能掌握命題規(guī)律，理解出題人的思路，從而提高學習效率。下面是小編幫大家整理的CATTI全國翻譯專業(yè)資格(水平)考試真題，希望能夠幫助到大家。
CATTI全國翻譯專業(yè)資格(水平)考試真題1
CATTI三級筆譯 A卷
【英譯漢】（Financial Times 2017）：
At 51, Cathy McDonnell wanted to put her Oxford physics degree and former experience crunching data at Qinetiq to better use. She had worked part-time in a school for several years while her three children were young, but she wanted to get back into the corporate world.
Several applications later, all for jobs in her former field of defence, she was getting nowhere. Then a friend told her about “returnships”, a form of later-life work experience that some companies are experimenting with to help older people — mainly women — return to work, often after breaks to care for families.
Cathy eventually secured a place on an 11-week “Career Returners” programme with O2, open to men and women, which included being buddied with a 20-year-old male student who was also with the company on work experience. He helped to acquaint her with new technology, such as using an iPhone and accessing the company’s virtual private network from her laptop so she could work from home but still access internal files.
“On the assessment day, I thought they must have been looking at my project management skills. But they weren’t looking at us for specific roles. They were just thinking, ‘These women have a lot to offer, let’s see what they can do.’ That was refreshing.”
In fact, by hiring female returnees, companies can access hard skills these women developed in their former high-level jobs — and for a discount. In return, employers coach older females back into working life.Through her returnship, Ms McDonnell gained a full-time role as an operations data consultant, handling projects within service management at O2.She still is earning less than she would like to. “But it’s a foot in the door and the salary is up for review in six months,” she says.
It is still overwhelmingly women who stay home to care for young families. UK government figures show that women account for around 90 per cent of people on extended career breaks for caring reasons.
A lack of middle-aged women working, particularly in highly skilled roles, is costing the UK economy 50bn a year, according to a report. The report found that men over 50 took home nearly two-thirds of the total wages paid out to everyone in that age range in 2015. It blamed the pay gap on the low-skilled, part-time roles older women often accept. Some 41 per cent of women in work in the UK do so part-time, as opposed to only 11 per cent of men.
A study last year by economists found “robust evidence of age discrimination in hiring against older women” in a range of white and blue-collar jobs. The data show that it is harder for older women to find jobs than it is for older men regardless of whether they have taken a break from working.
【漢譯英】（《網(wǎng)絡空間國際合作戰(zhàn)略》）：
現(xiàn)在，以互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為代表的信息技術(shù)迅速發(fā)展，引領了生產(chǎn)新變革，創(chuàng)造了人類生活新空間，拓展了國家治理新領域。中國大力實施網(wǎng)絡強國戰(zhàn)略、國家信息化戰(zhàn)略、國家大數(shù)據(jù)戰(zhàn)略、“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”行動計劃。中國大力發(fā)展電子商務，推動互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和實體經(jīng)濟深度融合發(fā)展，改善資源配置。這些措施為推動創(chuàng)新發(fā)展、轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟增長方式、調(diào)整經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)揮積極作用。
中國歡迎公平、開放、競爭的市場，在自身發(fā)展的同時，致力于推動全球數(shù)字經(jīng)濟發(fā)展。中國主張自由貿(mào)易，反對貿(mào)易壁壘和貿(mào)易保護主義。我們希望建立開放、安全的數(shù)字經(jīng)濟環(huán)境，確保互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和創(chuàng)新服務。我們主張互聯(lián)網(wǎng)接入應公平、普遍。中國愿加強同其他國家和地區(qū)在網(wǎng)絡安全和信息技術(shù)方面的交流與合作。我們應共同推進互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的發(fā)展和創(chuàng)新，確保所有人都能平等分享數(shù)字紅利，實現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡空間的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
三級筆譯 B卷
【英譯漢】：
In December 2019, a cluster of pneumonia cases were found. Scientists believe that It was caused by a previously unknown virus- Now named COVID-19.
Coronaviruses have the appearance of a crown. Crown in Latin is called "corona" and thats how these viruses got their name. There are different types of coronaviruses that cause respiratory and sometimes gastrointestinal of symptoms.
Its known that coronaviruses circulate in a range of animals. But the animals which transmit COVID-19 are not known yet. And the exact dynamics of how the virus is transmitted is yet to be determined.
From what is known so far, there can be a number of symptoms ranging from mild to severe. There can be fever and respiratory symptoms such as cough and shortness of breath. In more severe cases, theres been pneumonia, kidney failure and death. There is currently no specific medication for the virus and treatment is supportive care. There is currently no vaccine to protect against the virus. Treatment and vaccines are in development.
Nevertheless, we are committed to combatting the COVID-19 epidemic. Its certainly troubling that so many people and countries have been affected, so quickly. Now that the virus has a foothold in so many countries, the threat of a pandemic has become very real. But it would be the first pandemic in history that could be controlled. The bottom line is: we are not at the mercy of this virus.
The great advantage we have is that the decisions we all make-as governments, businesses, communities, families and individuals can influence the trajectory of the epidemic. We need to remember that with decisive, early action, we can slow down the virus and prevent infections. Among those who are infected, most will recover.
Its also important to remember that looking only at the total number of reported cases and the total number of countries doesnt tell the full story. This is an uneven epidemic at the global level. Different countries are in different scenarios, requiring a tailored response. Its not about containment or mitigation. Its about both.
All countries must take a comprehensive blended strategy for controlling their epidemics and pushing this deadly virus back. Countries that continue finding and testing cases and tracing their contacts not only protect their own people, they can also affect what happens in other countries and globally. The WHO has consolidated its guidance for countries in four categories: those with no case; those with sporadic cases; those with clusters; and those with community transmission. For all countries, the aim is the same: stop transmission and prevent the spread of the virus.
For the first three categories, countries must focus on finding, testing, treating and isolating individual cases and following their contacts. In areas with community spread, testing every suspected case and tracing their contacts become more challenging. Action must be taken to prevent transmission at the community level to reduce the epidemic to manageable clusters.
【漢譯英】
水稻是世界上最主要的糧食作物之一，世界上一半以上人口（包括中國 60%以上人口）都以稻米作為主食。中國是世界上最早種植水稻的國家，至今已有 7000 年左右的`歷史，當 前水稻產(chǎn)量占全國糧食作物產(chǎn)量近一半。水稻作為主要的糧食，無論對中國還是對世界的重要性都是不言而喻的。中國在超級雜 交水稻（super hybrid rice）生產(chǎn)方面成就突出，關(guān)鍵人物便是袁隆平。被譽為“中國雜交水 稻之父”。他的名字不僅在中國家喻戶曉，在國際上也享有盛譽。袁隆平于上世紀 60 年代開始雜交水稻研究。他帶領科研團隊使中國雜交水稻一直領先 于世界水平，不僅不斷實現(xiàn)雜交水稻的高產(chǎn)量目標，而且在生產(chǎn)實踐中不斷推廣應用，從實際上解決了中國人吃飯難的問題。袁隆平還多次到美國、印度等國家傳授技術(shù)，為 30 多個 國家和地區(qū)的政府官員和科研工作者講學，促進雜交水稻技術(shù)造福世界。
1987 年 11 月 3 日，聯(lián)合國教科文組織在巴黎總部向袁隆平頒發(fā)科學獎，認為他的科研成果是“第二次綠色革命”。2004年，袁隆平獲得世界糧食獎（the World Food Prize），表彰 他為人類提供營養(yǎng)豐富、數(shù)量充足的糧食所做出的突出貢獻。
CATTI全國翻譯專業(yè)資格(水平)考試真題2
2023年11月CATTI全國翻譯資格考試二級筆譯實務真題及答案
英譯漢 Passage One
Gender equality is not only a fundamental human right, but a necessary foundation for a peaceful, prosperous and sustainable world. Providing women and girls with equal access to education, health care, decent work, and representation in political and economic decision-making processes will fuel sustainable economies and benefit societies and humanity at large. Therefore, gender equality and womens empowerment are one of the overarching priorities of UNESCO.
性別平等不僅是一項基本人權(quán)，也是實現(xiàn)世界和平、繁榮和可持續(xù)發(fā)展的必要基礎。為女性提供平等的教育、醫(yī)療保健、體面工作以及確保她們在政治和經(jīng)濟決策過程中的代表權(quán)，將促進可持續(xù)經(jīng)濟，并在更大層面造福社會和全人類。因此，堅持性別平等，賦予婦女權(quán)力是教科文組織的首要優(yōu)先事項之一。
This is a strategy for making women’s as well as men’s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and programmes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetuated. The ultimate goal is to achieve gender equality.
這是一項戰(zhàn)略性策略，旨在實現(xiàn)男女平等。因此，無論男性和女性，他們的關(guān)切和經(jīng)歷都要融入所有政治、經(jīng)濟和社會領域政策和方案的設計、執(zhí)行、監(jiān)測和評估，從而使男女平等受益，阻止不平等現(xiàn)象的持續(xù)蔓延。
Increasing attention is being placed on gender equality issues globally, buoyed by several legal and normative instruments: conventions and declarations. Chief among these are the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action. The latter, which was the outcome of the United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women, in 1995, emphasizes the key role of media to promote gender equality in all spheres; all stake-holders are called to join forces to combat “stereotyping of women and inequality in women’s access to and participation in all communication systems, especially in the media”. UNESCO’s commitment and strategy to this end is pursued through a two-fold approach: (i) gender-specific programming and (ii) taking gender-focused actions in all of UNESCO’s fields work.
性別平等問題日益在全球引發(fā)關(guān)注，也得益于若干法律和規(guī)范性文書（公約和宣言）的出臺，其中最主要的是《消除對婦女一切形式歧視公約》和《北京宣言和行動綱要》。后者是1995年聯(lián)合國第四次婦女問題世界會議的成果，強調(diào)媒體在促進所有領域兩性平等方面的關(guān)鍵作用，并呼吁所有利益關(guān)聯(lián)方攜手破除對“對婦女的陳舊觀念，消除婦女獲得和參與信息交流領域尤其是媒介領域所遭遇的不平等現(xiàn)象”。教科文組織在這方面的承諾和戰(zhàn)略是通過兩種方式來實現(xiàn)的：（1）根據(jù)性別設計的計劃項目；（2）在教科文組織的所有領域工作中實施性別關(guān)注行動。
UNESCO’s Communication and Information Sector has fully embraced this commitment and has engaged globally in a wide range of gender-specific initiatives across its divisions and main actions. Equality between women and men working in the media, and equality in news reporting on women and men, are of equal importance and are being stridently pursued. In cooperation with the International Federation of Journalists and many other partners, UNESCO has adopted this global framework of Gender-Sensitive Indicators for Media (GSIM). These indicators have been developed to enable effective assessment of related development in the media.
教科文組織的傳播和信息部門積極踐行這個承諾，并在全球范圍內(nèi)在其各部門和主要行動中采取了針對性舉措。實現(xiàn)在媒介組織和媒介內(nèi)容男女平等具有同等的重要性，也是我們一直在努力實現(xiàn)的目標。教科文組織與國際記者聯(lián)合會和許多其他合作伙伴合作，通過了這一全球媒體性別敏感指標框架協(xié)議，以有效評估媒體的相關(guān)發(fā)展。
In order to further enrich the GSIM resource, and as a fundamental step for its completion, a second round of consultation was carried out online with UNESCO media partners globally. Broadcasting and print associations contributed comments, suggestions and insights to further enhance the document. The consultation with these associations was essential because it enables UNESCO to embed into the GSIM the perspectives of these key partners. This enables us to stress that use of the GSIM is not an attempt to limit freedom of expression and the independence of media, but to voluntarily enrich these underlying characteristics. UNESCO is confident that, if fully implemented, the GSIM will produce an impact in both qualitative and quantitative terms.
為了進一步豐富媒體性別敏感指標內(nèi)涵，實現(xiàn)指標完善工作，教科文組織與其全球媒體合作伙伴在線進行了第二輪磋商，吸納來自廣播和印刷協(xié)會這些關(guān)鍵合作伙伴提供的意見、建議和見解，以進一步提高指標質(zhì)量。與這些協(xié)會的協(xié)商是至關(guān)重要的，因為它使教科文組織能夠?qū)⑦@些關(guān)鍵合作伙伴的觀點納入全球戰(zhàn)略信息管理。這樣做也使我們強調(diào)，使用性別敏感指標并不是試圖限制了言論自由和媒體獨立性，而是自愿去充實指標應有之義。教科文組織相信，如果性別敏感指標得到充分實施，其將對性別平等事業(yè)的質(zhì)和量都產(chǎn)生影響。
英譯漢 Passage Two
When rainfall is measured in feet, not inches, we are witnessing climate change bearing down on us. Catastrophic destruction tied to the Atlantic hurricane season, monsoon rains in Mumbai, and downpours in Niger are just a few of the many extreme weather events that are being intensified by global warming. While the rise of a few degrees in temperature may not be enough for a person to run a fever, that change is enough to radically impact the earth’s climate. By way of comparison, the earth was once rendered largely uninhabitable by a one to two-degree Celsius drop in temperature—an era now referred to as the Little Ice Age. In response to the threat posed by global climate change, most nations have committed to significant mitigation efforts, through the Paris Agreement, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
當我們用英尺而不是英寸來衡量降雨量時，我們就能切身感受氣候變化的影響。全球變暖，極端天氣增多，例如與大西洋颶風季節(jié)有關(guān)的災難性破壞、孟買的季風雨和尼日爾的洪災。對于人類而言，氣溫上升幾度不足以讓人發(fā)燒，但對于地球來說，影響確是根本性的。歷史上地球上的溫度僅僅下降了1到2攝氏度，地球一度變得基本上不適合居住——這個時代現(xiàn)在被稱為小冰河時代。為了應對全球氣候變化帶來的威脅，大多數(shù)國家作出重要努力，依據(jù)《巴黎協(xié)定》，減少溫室氣體排放，力求減緩全球變暖加劇。
But will these collective efforts be enough? Some scientists are trying another approach, exploring new tools to deliberately alter the global climate system. These discrete and diverse technologies are often grouped under the all-encompassing and poorly defined rubric of “climate engineering” or “geoengineering.” These radically different approaches aim to either halt the process of global warming by removing greenhouse gases from the atmosphere or to counteract warming already under way.
但是，這些集體努力就足夠了嗎？一些科學家正在嘗試另一種方法，探索有意改變?nèi)驓夂蛳到y(tǒng)的新工具。這些不同而多樣的技術(shù)通常被歸為“氣候工程”或“地球工程”這一包羅萬象的模糊術(shù)語。這些截然不同的方法旨在通過從大氣中清除溫室氣體來阻止全球變暖的進程，或者采取措施應對已經(jīng)在發(fā)生的.變暖現(xiàn)象。
The problem is, while several tools seem to be gaining ground in computer models, laboratories, and even real-world experiments, public discussion has not kept pace with their advancement. To date, there has been too little transparency and international dialogue around the progress, feasibility, risks and benefits of these efforts. Climate engineering and current mitigation and adaptation efforts are not mutually exclusive. Experts generally agree that these new technological approaches alone are unlikely to provide adequate protection from the dangers posed by rising global temperatures.
但是問題是，盡管這些工具措施通過計算機模擬、實驗室及現(xiàn)實實驗都取得了進展，但公眾卻對此并不知情，慢了半拍。迄今為止，圍繞這些努力的進展、可行性、風險和好處，其透明度不高和開展的國際對話也太少。事實上，氣候工程與當前人們采取的緩解于適應性措施并不是相互排斥的。另外，專家們普遍認為，僅靠這些新的技術(shù)方法不太可能提供足夠的保護，以應對來自全球氣溫上升帶來的危險。
In 1965, the Science Advisory Committee raised concerns about manmade climate change and warned that “man is unwittingly conducting a vast geophysical experiment.” More than 50 years later, the field of climate engineering remains largely unknown, especially to policymakers and the public.
1965年，科學咨詢委員會提出了對人為改變氣候變化的擔憂，并警告稱“人類正在無意中進行大規(guī)模的地球物理實驗。”50多年后，氣候工程領域在很大程度上仍然未知，尤其是對決策者和公眾而言。
There are real risks to using or rejecting climate engineering. While it is tempting to be for or against climate engineering, what decision makers need to do now is to gather scientific facts and ask as many questions as possible about what the deployment of these technologies might mean for individuals, societies, nations and regions.
無論采取還是摒棄氣候工程都確實存在風險。雖然支持或反對氣候工程的理由都很具有說服力，但決策者現(xiàn)在需要做的是掌握大量科學數(shù)據(jù)，并盡可能多地詢問這些技術(shù)的運用對個人、社會、國家和地區(qū)意味著什么。
漢譯英 Passage One
琴心和小核桃是兩個出生在2016年的“萌妹子”。在臥龍國家級自然保護區(qū)(National Nature Reserve）進行了兩年的野化培訓后，2018年12月27日，它們在龍溪一虹口國家級自然保護區(qū)被放歸。當時兩只熊貓接受了體檢，它們的生長發(fā)育和各項生理指標均正常。
兩只大熊貓放歸后，科研人員組成的監(jiān)測小組立即著手對它們進行跟蹤監(jiān)測。無線電監(jiān)測、GPS數(shù)據(jù)下載及分析、大熊貓糞便樣品采集、生存環(huán)境調(diào)查、紅外相機監(jiān)測等多種設備和手段的應用，讓監(jiān)測隊員可以隨時掌握兩只熊貓的動向。通過收集相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)，開展野外研究，監(jiān)測人員希望了解兩個小家伙能否逐步適應新的野外環(huán)境，融入野生大熊貓種群。
“我們保護區(qū)位于大熊貓分布區(qū)的中段，其顯著特點是直接聯(lián)系著岷山山系和邛山頂最大的大熊貓野生種群棲息地。”保護區(qū)虹口站站長劉波表示，“這里是野生大熊貓生存、繁衍以及圈養(yǎng)（captive-bred）大熊貓放歸的天然走廊。”
Qinxin (“Heart of Qin”) and Xiao Hetao (“Little Walnut”), two adorable pandas born in 2016, were released into Longxi - Hongkou National Nature Reserve on December 27, 2018 after two years of rewilding training in Wolong National Nature Reserve. Physical examination on the spot revealed that their growth and physiological indicators met all the required standards. Since their release, a dedicated team of researchers began to monitor the progress of the two animals, by harnessing radio monitoring systems, analyzing GPS data, collecting fecal samples, investigating their living environment, and deploying infrared camera detectors. Through data collection and field research, they could determine whether the pandas can accustom themselves to the new environment and fit into the wild panda population over time.
“This place is in the central section of the region where pandas are distributed. It is a direct link between the Minshan mountains and Qionglai mountains, both of which are the largest habitats of wild pandas,” said Liu Bo, head of Hongkou Station in the reserve. “It is not only a place where wild pandas live and reproduce, but also a natural corridor through which captive-bred pandas are reintroduced into the wilderness.”（來源于網(wǎng)絡XXLIN1987）
漢譯英 Passage Two
污染防治攻堅戰(zhàn)是全面建成小康社會決勝階段的三大攻堅戰(zhàn)之一。目標是到2020年生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量總體改善，主要污染物排放總量大幅減少，環(huán)境風險得到有效管控。
The war on pollution is one of the three major campaigns launched by China in the decisive stage of its efforts to build a well-off society in all respects. The objective is to achieve an overall improvement in the ecological environment, a significant reduction in the emissions of major pollutants, and the effective control of environmental risks by 2020.
生態(tài)環(huán)境問題本質(zhì)上是高資源消耗、高污染排放的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式造成的。所以我們必須提高資源開發(fā)利用效率，減少資源消耗，并將生態(tài)文明(ecological conservation）的要求融入到經(jīng)濟建設中，加快形成節(jié)約資源和保護環(huán)境的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、生產(chǎn)方式、生活方式。我們要加快建立健全五大生態(tài)文明體系，即生態(tài)文化體系、生態(tài)經(jīng)濟體系、目標責任體系、生態(tài)文明制度體系和生態(tài)安全體系等。這些體系的建立有助于我們從根本上解決生態(tài)環(huán)境問題。
Environmental issues are essentially results of an economic development model marked by excessive resource consumption and high pollutant emissions. Therefore, it is imperative to improve resource efficiency, reduce resource consumption, integrate environmental efforts into economic development, and facilitate the establishment of an industrial structure and way of life and work that is resource-efficient and environmentally-friendly, so as to provide time and space for nature to recover and develop. There is also a need to accelerate the construction of five systems surrounding ecological civilization in terms of culture, economy, objectives and accountability, institutions, and security, all of which, when established, will contribute to the fundamental resolution of environmental problems.
我們要樹立良好的生態(tài)環(huán)境是最大的民生福祉這一基本民生觀。堅持生態(tài)為民，重點解決損害群眾健康的突出環(huán)境問題。從打贏藍天保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)到水污染防治、土壤污染防治、農(nóng)村人居環(huán)境整治、城市污水治理。還自然以寧靜、和諧、美麗，不斷滿足人民日益增長的對美好環(huán)境的要求。
In livelihood improvement, we must stay committed to the fundamental belief that an excellent ecological environment delivers the greatest wellbeing to the people. Therefore, guided by the mission of creating a high-quality environment for all, we take robust efforts to address pressing environmental problems that harm the public’s health. From winning the battle against air pollution to managing water pollution, land contamination and urban wastewater, and upgrading rural living conditions, our efforts are geared to restoring serenity, harmony, and beauty to nature and meeting the growing demand of the residents for a nice environment.
CATTI全國翻譯專業(yè)資格(水平)考試真題3
【CATTI】一級筆譯真題
Section 1 Translation
Part 1 English-Chinese Translation (英譯漢)
Translate the following passage into Chinese.
Alice Munro, winner of the 2013 Nobel Prize in Literature, once observed: “The complexity of things — the things within things — just seems to be endless. I mean nothing is easy, nothing is simple.”
That is also a perfect deion of Ms. Munro’s quietly radiant short stories — stories that have established her as one of the foremost practitioners of the form. Set largely in small-town and rural Canada and often focused on the lives of girls and women, her tales have the swoop and density of big, intimate novels, mapping the crevices of characters’ hearts with cleareyed Chekhovian empathy and wisdom.
Fluent and deceptively artless on the page, these stories are actually amazingly intricate constructions that move back and forth in time, back and forth between reality and memory, opening out, magically, to disclose the long panoramic vistas in these people’s lives (the starts, stops and reversals that stand out as hinge moments in their personal histories) and the homely details of their day-to-day routines: the dull coping with “food and mess and houses” that can take up so much of their heroines’ time.
Ms. Munro’s stories possess an emotional amplitude and a psychological density . Her understanding of the music of domestic life, her ability to simultaneously detail her characters’ inner landscapes and their place in a meticulously observed community, and her talent for charting “the progress of love” as it morphs and mutates through time — these gifts have not only helped Ms. Munro redefine the contours of the contemporary short story, but have also made her one of today’s most influential writers.
In short fiction that spans four and a half decades. Ms. Munro has given us prismatic portraits of ordinary people that reveal their intelligence, toughness and capacity to dream, as well as their lies, blind spots and lapses of courage and good will. Such deions are delivered not with judgmental accountancy, but with the sort of “unsparing unsentimental love” harbored by a close friend or family member.
Like Ms. Munro, many of the women in these stories grew up in small towns in Canada and, at some point, faced a decision about whether to stay or to leave for the wider world. Their lifetimes often span decades of startling social change — from a time and place when tea parties and white gloves were de rigueur to the days of health food stores and stripper bars.
For that matter, Ms. Munro’s women, often find themselves caught on the margins of shifting cultural mores and pulled between conflicting imperatives — between rootedness and escape, domesticity and freedom, between tending to familial responsibilities or following the urgent promptings of their own hearts.
In story after story, passion is the magnet or the motor that drives women’s choices. Love and sex, and marriage and adultery are often mirrors that reveal a Munro heroine’s expectations — her fondest dreams and cruel self-delusions, her sense of independence and need to belong.
Ms. Munro is adept at tracing the many configurations that intimacy can take over the years, showing how it can suffocate a marriage or inject it with a renewed sense of devotion. She shows how sexual ardor can turn into a “tidy pilot flame” and how an impulsive tryst can become a treasured memory, hoarded as a bulwark against the banalities of middle age.
Illness and death frequently intrude upon these stories, and the reader is constantly reminded of the precariousness of life — and the role that luck, chance and reckless, spur-of-the-moment choices can play. Some of Ms. Munro’s characters embrace change as a liberating force that will lift them out of their humdrum routines, or at least satisfy their avid curiosity about life. Others regard it with fearful dismay, worried that they will lose everything they hold dear — or at least everything familiar.
Part 2 Chinese-English Translation (漢譯英)
Translate the following passage into English.
現(xiàn)代西方的中國學大致經(jīng)歷了兩個代際的變化。第一代是歷史主義流派主導的，第二代是意識形態(tài)至上流派所主導的。當代西方對中國的認知，不論是學術(shù)界或大眾媒體，都深受這兩大代際和流派的影響。
現(xiàn)代中國學研究的第一代，可以追溯到20世紀初。他們用歷史主義的語境研究現(xiàn)代中國，研究方法深受中國傳統(tǒng)文化影響，研究領域涵蓋了中國的政治、歷史、社會狀況和引領中國現(xiàn)代史的領袖人物。
中國學的第二代，始于89年，在后冷戰(zhàn)時代的意識形態(tài)狂熱中誕生。這一時期的研究，陷入自由民主或?qū)Ｖ篇毑玫囊庾R形態(tài)兩元對立。在研究取向上，強調(diào)政治立場先行和意識形態(tài)掛帥，目的只有一個，即證明中國的政治制度必然崩潰。可惜，這一代流派的`研究一再被中國成功發(fā)展的事實證偽，備受質(zhì)疑。
最近幾十年來，中國全方位快速崛起，其巨大影響波及至世界各個角落。全球政治、歷史、經(jīng)濟研究的頂尖人士，紛紛聚焦中國，希望探究這一歷史重大事件的深遠含義。
當下，中國學正迎來一個新的代際，即第三代。第三代中國學發(fā)端于新的形勢背景下，研究方法和取向都不同以往。這一代際的演進，將推動中國學從基礎結(jié)構(gòu)上發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)型，并對世界對中國的認知產(chǎn)生決定性影響。
這個群體不再象前兩代那樣限于中國通，而是來自各個領域。第三代中國學呈現(xiàn)的一個趨向可以稱為實證派，即以收集客觀數(shù)據(jù)為基本研究方法，客觀分析中國的治理模式。
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