高中定語從句語法總結(jié)

高中定語從句語法總結(jié)

　　總結(jié)是把一定階段內(nèi)的有關(guān)情況分析研究，做出有指導性結(jié)論的書面材料，它可以明確下一步的工作方向，少走彎路，少犯錯誤，提高工作效益，為此我們要做好回顧，寫好總結(jié)。總結(jié)一般是怎么寫的呢？下面是小編精心整理的高中定語從句語法總結(jié)，歡迎閱讀與收藏。

　　高中定語從句語法總結(jié)　　

　　定語從句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定語，修飾一個名詞或代詞，有時也可以修飾部分或整個句子。

　　被修飾的名詞，詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)引出。

　　關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。

　　關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why, how。

　　關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞和定語從句之間，起連接作用，同時又可做定語從句的一個成分。當關(guān)系代詞做賓語時可以省略。

　　定語從句中的謂語動詞必須在人稱上和數(shù)量上和先行詞保持一致。

　　定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。

　　關(guān)系代詞引導的定語從句

　　1) who, whom, that 這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下：

　　Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

　　(who/that在從句中作主語)

　　He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

　　(whom/that在從句中作賓語)

　　2) whose 用來指人或物，(只用作定語，若指物，它還可以同of which互換).

　　例如：

　　Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.

　　3) which, that 它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等.

　　例如：

　　A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.

　　(which / that在句中作賓語)

　　The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.

　　(which / that在句中作賓語)

　　關(guān)系代詞that和which 都可以指物，that 和Who 都可以指人，其用法區(qū)別：

　　不用that的情況：

　　a) 在引導非限定性定語從句時

　　(錯)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.

　　b) 介詞后不能用

　　We depend on the land from which we get our food.

　　c) 多用who 的情況

　　①關(guān)系代詞在從句中做主語

　　A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend.

　　②先行詞為those, people 時

　　Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth.

　　③先行詞為all, anyone, ones, one 指人時

　　One who doesnt work hard will never succeed in his work.

　　④在There be句型中There is a stranger who wants to see you.

　　⑤在被分隔的定語從句中

　　A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.

　　⑥在有兩個定語從句的句子中，其一用who，其二用that,但若先行詞后接兩個以上的并列定語從句時，后一個必須重復前一個關(guān)系代詞。

　　The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and studies very hard.

　　There is a teacher who is always ready to help others and who enjoys what he does.

　　只能用that作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況

　　a)在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時，只用that，不用which。

　　All that is needed is a supply of oil.

　　Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.

　　b)先行詞有the only, the very, the just修飾時，只用that。

　　He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water.

　　c)先行詞為序數(shù)詞(the last)、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時，只用that。

　　The first English book that I read was "The Prince and the Pauper" by Mark Twin.

　　d)先行詞既有人，又有物時。

　　He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited.

　　e)當主句是以who 或which 開始的特殊疑問句時，用that 以避免重復。

　　Who is the person that is standing at the gate.

　　f)關(guān)系代詞在從句中做表語

　　He is not the man that he used to be.

　　關(guān)系副詞引導的定語從句

　　關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點、方式或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。

　　關(guān)系副詞when, where, why, how的含義相當于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用.

　　例如：

　　There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.

　　Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.

　　Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?

　　Im surprised the way how (by which) he works out the problem.

　　注意：

　　①在非限制性定語從句中，"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)不能代替關(guān)系副詞。

　　如：They set up a state for their own , where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.

　　②含有介詞短語的動詞一般不能拆開，介詞仍放在動詞后面。

　　Is this the book which (that) she was looking for?

　　名詞/數(shù)詞/代詞 /形容詞最高級 + 介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞引導定語從句

　　She has written a book , the name of which I have forgotten.

　　There are fifty-five students in our class , all of whom are working hard.

　　There are five continents in the world , the largest of which is Asia.

　　as, which 引導非限定性定語從句的差別

　　由as, which 引導的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個主句，相當于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。

　　As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.

　　The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.

　　as可引導非限制性從句，常帶有“正如”的意思。

　　As is know, smoking is harmful to ones health.

　　用法區(qū)別：

　　(1) as 引導的定語從句可置于句首，而which不可。

　　As we all know, he never smokes.

　　(2) as 代表前面的整個主句并在從句中作主語時，從句中的謂語必須是系動詞;若為行為動詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which。

　　(3)非限定性定語從句中出現(xiàn)expect, think, suppose 等表示猜測、想象、預料等時。

　　She succeeded in her doing the research work , as we expected.

　　(4)As 的用法 the same? as; such?as 中的as 是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu), 和??一樣??。

　　I should like to use the same tool as is used here.

　　We should have such a dictionary as he is using.

　　定語從句歸納整理

　　概念

　　定語可以由形容詞、名詞、代詞、分詞、不定式以及介詞短語等來擔任，也可以由一個句子來充當，充當定語功能的句子稱為定語從句。

　　定語從句“三要素”

　　1.先行詞：被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞

　　①指人的先行詞

　　②指物的先行詞

　　★ 先行詞還可以是前面整個句子所敘述的事情。

　　He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us. (which替代前面所敘述的事情) 先行詞

　　2.關(guān)系詞：引導定語的詞

　　(1)關(guān)系詞的作用

　　①替代前面的先行詞（替代作用）

　　②連接主句和定語從句（連接作用）

　　③在定語從句中作句子成分（成分作用）

　　(2)關(guān)系詞的分類

　　①標準：根據(jù)關(guān)系詞在從句中做的句子成分種類

　　②關(guān)系代詞：在從句中做 主，賓，表，定（that/which/who/whom/whose/as）

　　③關(guān)系副詞：在從句中作狀語(When/where/why)

　　3.定語從句：用來做定語，修飾限定先行詞的句子

　　定語從句的分類

　　1.限制性定語從句：對先行詞起限定修飾作用。

　　He is a teacher who works at our school.

　　2.非限制性定語從句：對先行詞起補充說明作用(先行詞與定語從句之間有逗號隔開)

　　Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a beautiful city with a long history.

　　比較：

　　He has two sons, who work in the same company.

　　(He has only two sons.)

　　He has two sons who work in the same company.

　　(Perhaps he has two more sons)

　　定語從句的10個難點

　　1.關(guān)系代詞的省略(限定性定語從句)

　　(1)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語

　　She is the girl (whom / that) I loved before. (可以省略whom/that)

　　(2)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作表語

　　He is no longer the boy (that) he used to be. (可以省略that)

　　(3)關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語，介詞在從句句尾時可以省略

　　Housing price is a problem (that/which) people are interested in.

　　比較：

　　Housing price is a problem in which people are interested.（此時只能用which且不能省略）

　　2.先行詞是人(that/who的區(qū)別)

　　(1)用that的情況

　　①以疑問詞who開頭的句子中

　　Who is the man that is shouting there?

　　②關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語時

　　She is not the girl that she used to be.

　　③先行詞被the very, the right, the only修飾

　　This is the very person that we are looking for.

　　(2)用who的情況

　　①先行詞是one, ones, anybody, all, none, those 等

　　Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.

　　②句子中有兩個定語從句,一個用了that,另外一個用who

　　Who is the boy that won the gold medal?

　　③在there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中

　　There are many young men who are against him.

　　④在非限定性定語從句當中

　　Tom, who is my best friend, has gone abroad to study.

　　3.先行詞是物(that / which的區(qū)別)

　　(1)用which的情況

　　①在非限定性定語從句中

　　She lost the game, which depressed her greatly.

　　②關(guān)系詞置于介詞之后，作賓語

　　The pen with which you write is Jack’s.

　　③先行詞是that或定語從句中套定語從句,一個關(guān)系詞用that,另一個用which.

　　Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which is newly open to us.

　　(2)用that的情況

　　①先行詞是不定代詞如all, little, few, much,anything, everything, nothing, none, no one等

　　She did all that she could to help us.

　　②先行詞被all, every, no, some, little, much, the only, he very, the right，the last等所修飾時

　　This is the very book that I want.

　　③先行詞中既有人又有物時

　　She described in her compositions the people and he places that impressed her most.

　　④先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時

　　This is the best book that I have ever read.

　　This is the first film that I’ve seen since I came here.

　　⑤定語從句中套定語從句，其中一個關(guān)系詞以用which, 另外一個用that

　　He built a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.

　　⑥當主句的主語是疑問詞which,另一個用that

　　Who is the person that is standing at the gate?

　　4.As引導定語從句用法

　　(1)As 既可以引導限制性定語從句也可以用于非限定性定句中充當主語，賓語，表語等。

　　常用于以下句型當中：Such/so….. as…. 像…..一樣 the same …. as… 和…...同樣的

　　A computer is so useful a machine as we can use everyday.

　　He is not the same man as he was.

　　(2)引導非限制性定語從句，此時譯為“正如，像”等。可以放在句首，句中或句末。

　　As I remember, there were a net bar here.

　　Taiwan is an inseparable part of China, as is known to all.

　　★the same as...和the same that...引導定語從句的區(qū)別

　　This is the same bike that I lost yesterday. (同一事物)

　　This is the same bike as I lost yesterday. （同類事物）

　　5.關(guān)系副詞的運用

　　(1)When 在定語從句中做時間狀語，先行詞為表示時間的time, day等

　　I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. (when=on which)

　　(2)Where 在定語從句中做地點狀語，先行詞為表地點的place, spot等

　　Can you tell me the office where he works?

　　(where = in which)

　　(3)Why 在定語從句中做原因狀語，先行詞只有reason.

　　I don’t want to listen to any reason why you were absent.

　　(why = for which)

　　★ 關(guān)系副詞 = 相應(yīng)的介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞

　　★ Where引導的定語從句還可以修飾抽象空間的名詞如case(情形)，situation, position(位置),stage (階段)，point（地步）等

　　What are the situations where body language is the only form of communication?

　　在哪些情況下身體語言是唯一的溝通方式。(此時where = in which)

　　6.幾個特殊的先行詞

　　(1)way在定語從句中做狀語時的三種引導方式 that / in which / 不填

　　The way in which / that / 不填 he explains the sentence to us is quite simple.

　　比較：The way which /that/不填 he told to us was quite simple.

　　★way在定語中作tell的賓語

　　(2)先行詞time

　　time表示“次數(shù)”時，用關(guān)系代詞that引導定語從句

　　This is the first time that the president has visited the country.

　　time作“一段時間” 講時，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when

　　This was the time when there were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets

　　★此時when = during which 在..期間

　　(3)先行詞reason當在定語從句中作狀語時，定語從句的4種引導方式 why/for which/that/不填

　　This is the reason why/for which/that/不填 he can not come here.

　　比較：Is this the reason that/which/不填he explained to us for his absence from the conference.

　　★reason 在定語從句中做explain的賓語

　　7.介詞+關(guān)系代詞

　　★該結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系代詞只有兩種即 介詞+which（指物） 介詞+whom（指人）

　　★該結(jié)構(gòu)介詞的選用原則：

　　(1)根據(jù)定語從句中謂語動詞的習慣搭配

　　This is the book on which I spent $ 8.

　　This is the book for which I paid $ 8.

　　(2)根據(jù)先行詞的搭配習慣

　　I remember the days during which I lived there.

　　I remember the day on which I graduated from university.

　　(3)根據(jù)整個句子所表達的意思來決定

　　The colorless gas without which we can’t live is called oxygen.

　　(4)英語中為了強調(diào)某一名詞，不定式前面也可以加上關(guān)系代詞。

　　Here is the money with which to buy the piano.

　　She is the right person on whom to depend

　　注意：

　　①如果介詞后移，關(guān)系代詞可以省略

　　The person (whom/who/that) you will write to is Todd.

　　②有些含有介詞的動詞短語介詞不能提前如look for/after; take care of; send for; hear from/of/about deal with等

　　This is the baby that you will look after.

　　8.定語從句的主謂一致

　　(1)當先行詞是 one of + 復數(shù)名詞，定語從句的位于動詞要用復數(shù)形式

　　The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that draw lots of visitor every year.

　　(2)當先行詞是 the only + one of +復數(shù)名詞，從句謂語用單數(shù)形式

　　The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon.

　　(3)先行詞如果是整個句子，定語從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)

　　Great changes have taken place in China, as is known to all.

　　He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us.

　　9.定語從句的轉(zhuǎn)化

　　定語從句可以轉(zhuǎn)換為 –ing或-ed形式

　　The girl (who is) dancing now just returned from Taiwan.

　　I love the stories (which were) written by Hemingway.

　　The man (who stands) standing there is my friend.

　　10. 定語從句的解題方法

　　(1)判斷從句是否為定語從句 （先行詞，關(guān)系詞，定語從句）

　　(2)準確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、賓、表、定、狀)從而正確選定使用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞

　　注意：

　　①關(guān)系代詞whose的用法。Whose在定語從句中做定語。

　　當先行詞是人： whose = the + 名詞 + of whom

　　當先行詞是物：whose = the + 名詞 + of which

　　Do you know the boy whose parents / the parents of whom are on holiday?

　　I’d like a room whose window / the window of which faces the sea.

　　②That引導定語從句，名詞性從句 和 強調(diào)句型的區(qū)別:

　　定語從句中的that: 關(guān)系代詞，在后面的定語從句中做句子成分。

　　名詞性從句中的that：從屬連詞，只起連接主從句的作用，在從句中不做句子成分。

　　強調(diào)句中的that, 運用于it is/was…that..結(jié)構(gòu)；判斷標準：去掉強調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)，成分仍然完整。

　　比較：

　　This is the book that I am looking for.

　　(that 引導定語從句)

　　It is at Bashu middle school that I have studied for three years.

　　(that和前面的it is構(gòu)成強調(diào)句型)

　　The fact that he stole the money surprised all of us.

　　(that 引導名詞性從句--同位語從句)

　　That he will come to the conference has excited all of us.

　　(that引導名詞性從句--主語從句)

　　We all expect that they win, for members of their team are stronger.

　　(that引導名詞性從句--賓語從句)

　　The reason for your failure is that you lack confidence in yourself.

　　(that 引導名詞性從句--表語從句)

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