Unit 13
1 fever n.發(fā)燒；熱度;狂熱；興奮
in a fever of excitement大為興奮
be in a fever在發(fā)燒
send sb. into a fever of excitement使某人感到極度興奮
2 energy n.精力, 活力; [pl. ]干勁, 勁頭, 力氣, 能力【物】能, 能量
be full of energy精力充沛, 精力旺盛
the sources of energy能源
an energy crisis能源危機(jī)
energy budget能源預(yù)算
force strength power energy都含“力”的意思。
force強(qiáng)調(diào)“力所產(chǎn)生的實(shí)際效果”, 如:
The law should remain in force.法律應(yīng)當(dāng)有效力。
strength 指“體力”、“力量”、“強(qiáng)度”, 如:
He is a man of great strength。他是 個(gè)大力士。
power 指“能力”、“權(quán)力”, 著重“行動(dòng)所根據(jù)的能力或職權(quán)”, 如:
It's beyond my power.它超出了我的職權(quán)。
energy 原是物理學(xué)上的術(shù)語(yǔ)“能量”, 用于人時(shí)則指“精力”, 如:
He worked with great energy.他以巨大的精力工作。
3 choice n.挑選；選擇；抉擇
She had to make a choice between the two dresses.她得在兩件衣服中選擇一件。
She is the people's choice for Prime Minister.她是人民選出來(lái)的首相。
常用短語(yǔ)：a great choice of大量可供選擇的 (物品等)
at one's own choice隨意挑選, 自由選擇
for choice憑喜愛, 根據(jù)選擇
have no choice but[后跟動(dòng)詞不定式]非...不可, 除...之外別無(wú)他法
make a choice選擇
without choice無(wú)選擇地, 不分好歹地
choose vt., vi.chose, chosen, choosing
挑選；選擇
Who did you choose as the new member of the construction committee?
你選誰(shuí)當(dāng)建設(shè)委員會(huì)的新委員?
She chose to study chemistry.她選擇了學(xué)化學(xué)。
choose three from [among, out of] these books從這些書中選三本書
C-me a good hoe.替我選一把好鋤頭。
決定；拿定主意；愿意, 寧愿 [后跟不定式]
He chose not to go home.他決定不回家了。
His uncle chose to settle in the countryside.他叔父決意在鄉(xiāng)下定居。
chose to fly rather than drive.決定乘飛機(jī)去而不是開車去
常用短語(yǔ)：as you choose隨你喜歡; 聽你的便
cannot choose but不得不,只好
4 fit adj.（與for連用）合適的，適宜的
a fit food for men對(duì)人合適的食物
This food is not fit for your visitors.這食物對(duì)你的客人來(lái)說(shuō)不合適。
"After the interview, the employer concluded that she was fit for the job."
面試后老板下結(jié)論說(shuō)她能勝任這項(xiàng)工作。
健康的；結(jié)實(shí)的
Do you feel fit?你覺得身體好嗎？
He runs to keep fit.他跑步為了保持健康。
vt., vi.-tt-合適；合身
Her new shoes didn't fit so she took them back to the shop and changed them for another pair.
"她那雙新鞋不合穿,所以她去商店換了一雙。"
Your clothes fit well.你的衣服很合身。
This coat's a beautiful fit to you.這件外衣對(duì)你非常合身。
安裝；裝備 fit。。。on。。。
to fit new locks on the doors給門裝上新鎖
使適合
Her height fitted her for basketball.她身材高適合打籃球。
辨析：match 多指大小,色調(diào),形狀,性質(zhì)方面的搭配
fit 多指大小,形狀合適
suit 多指合乎需要,口味,性格,條件,地位等
1)We must find carpets that’ll _________the curtains.
2)The new coat ________me well.
3) No one can ________her in knowledge of classical music.
4) He ________his speech to his audience
5 gain vt., vi.獲得，得到
He quickly gained experience.他很快就有經(jīng)驗(yàn)了。
Only after ten years in the country did she gain her citizenship.
她在這個(gè)國(guó)家住了十年后才取得了公民身份。
（常與in連用）獲益，增加
He gained weight after his illness.病后他的體重增加了。
6 painun.痛苦；悲痛
His bad behaviour caused his parents a great deal of pain.
他的不良行為使他的父母感到非常痛苦。
cn痛；疼痛He had a pain in his head.他頭疼。
He has pains / a pain / pain in the shoulders.他兩肩痛疼。
cn苦惱；煩悶； 討厭的人；討厭的物；厭惡(只用單數(shù))
She's a real pain.她真是一個(gè)令人討厭的人。
(pl) 辛苦；努力"No pains, no gains.; No gains without pains.(諺)"不勞則無(wú)獲。
We must give him sth. for his pains.我們必須給他點(diǎn)什么以便酬報(bào)他的辛勞。
常用短語(yǔ)：give sb. a pain[美]令人討厭, 惹人生氣, 使人感到不舒服
No pains, no gains[諺]不勞無(wú)獲。
spare no pains不遺余力, 不辭勞苦, 全力以赴
take pains費(fèi)盡力氣, 煞費(fèi)苦心, 盡力設(shè)法 with great pain煞費(fèi)苦心地
7 bit n.小塊；少許
There's a little bit of time left.只剩一點(diǎn)兒時(shí)間了。
He dug the garden bit by bit.他一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地挖園子。
片刻Wait a bit!稍等片刻！
I was just going out for a bit when my uncle came.我正打算出去一會(huì)兒,可我舅舅來(lái)了。
習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)：a bit (of)
有點(diǎn)；稍微The modern opera was a bit of a disappointment; we expected it to be much better.
這部現(xiàn)代歌劇有點(diǎn)令人失望,比我們想象中的差得多。
I'm a little bit tired. Let's take a short rest.我有點(diǎn)累了。讓我們休息一會(huì)兒。
a bit (of) 一點(diǎn)兒也（不）I'm not a bit tired now.我現(xiàn)在一點(diǎn)兒也不累。
A: Sorry to have bothered you. B: Not a bit (of it).
甲:對(duì)不起,打擾你啦。乙:哪兒的話!
Really, David is not a bit like his brother as far as generosity is concerned.
的確,就慷慨大方這一點(diǎn)來(lái)說(shuō),大衛(wèi)確實(shí)一點(diǎn)也不象他哥哥。
bit by bit一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地；逐漸地
8 advise
9 lie
10 base n.
底部, 基礎(chǔ), 根據(jù)地, 基地, 本部, 基數(shù), (運(yùn)動(dòng))出發(fā)點(diǎn)
vt.以...作基礎(chǔ), 基于...
adj.卑鄙的, 低級(jí)的，偽造的 a base coin偽造的硬幣
That company has offices all over the world, but their base is in Paris.
這個(gè)公司的辦事處遍布全世界，但本部在巴黎。
vt.based, basing（與on, upon連用）根據(jù)；基于
This news report is based entirely on fact.這篇新聞報(bào)導(dǎo)是完全根據(jù)實(shí)際情況寫成的。
11 probable adj.
（常與that連用）很可能的；可能發(fā)生的；或然的
A storm is probable today.今天可能會(huì)有暴風(fēng)雨。
It is probable that he has forgotten our appointment.很可能他是忘了我們的約會(huì)了。
likely possible probable意思都含“可能的”。
likely 系常用詞, 指“從表面跡象來(lái)看很有可能”, 如:
a likely young man一個(gè)有希望的青年
She is not likely to come next month.她下月很可能不來(lái)。
possible 指“由于有適當(dāng)?shù)臈l件和方法, 某事可能發(fā)生或做到”, 強(qiáng)調(diào)“客觀上有可能”, 但常含有“實(shí)際希望很小”的意思, 如:
It is possible to go to the moon now.現(xiàn)在有可能登上月球。
probable 語(yǔ)氣比 possible 強(qiáng), 指“有根據(jù)、合情理、值得相信的事物, 帶有‘大概’、‘很可能’”的意思, 如:
l don't think the story is probable.我覺得那故事不大可能。
12 similar adj.相像的，相似的；近似的
My new dress is similar to the one you have.我的新衣服和你的那件相似。
All big cities are quite similar.所有的大城市差不多大同小異。
13 respect n.
（與of, for連用）尊敬；尊重
to show respect to those who are older尊敬長(zhǎng)者
The students have great respect for their history teacher.
學(xué)生們非常尊敬他們的歷史老師。
關(guān)心；注意to pay (have) respect to關(guān)心
(pl) 敬意；問(wèn)候
Give my respects to your wife.請(qǐng)代我向你太太問(wèn)好。
常用短語(yǔ)：in all respects無(wú)論從哪方面來(lái)看
in respect of關(guān)于；就…來(lái)說(shuō)
pay one's respects拜訪
without respect to不管；不考慮
with respect to談到
give one's respects to向...致候
have respect for尊敬[重], 重視
have respect to牽 涉到, 關(guān)系到；注意到, 考慮到
out of respect for sb.出于對(duì)某人的尊敬
Unit 14
1 custom n.習(xí)俗；風(fēng)俗;習(xí)慣
His custom was to get up early and have a cold bath.
他的習(xí)慣是早起，然后洗個(gè)冷水澡。
(pl)（用作sing.）關(guān)稅
(pl)（用作sing.）海關(guān)
At the airport; the customs officers searched his case.在機(jī)場(chǎng)，海關(guān)人員檢查了他的箱子。
Habit custom都含“習(xí)慣”的意思。
habit 指 “個(gè)人由于自然條件、社會(huì)環(huán)境、愛好或經(jīng)常接觸而導(dǎo)致習(xí)以為常的行為或特性”, 如:Smoking is a bad habit.抽煙是種壞習(xí)慣。
Habit n.（常與of和動(dòng)名詞連用）習(xí)慣；習(xí)性
to have habit of smoking during meals有吃飯時(shí)吸煙的習(xí)慣
It is not easy to break off a bad habit.要改掉一個(gè)壞習(xí)慣不容易。
custom 指“經(jīng)過(guò)一段時(shí)期在某人、一國(guó)、一地區(qū)或一個(gè)社會(huì)中形成的傳統(tǒng)的習(xí)慣或風(fēng)俗”, 如:In China the custom prevails in eating dumplings on New Year's Eve.
在中國(guó), 除夕晚上吃餃子的風(fēng)俗很盛行。
2 allow vt., vi.允許，準(zhǔn)許
Smoking is not allowed here.此處不準(zhǔn)吸煙。
Allow me to introduce Miss Mary.請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我介紹一下瑪麗小姐。
The government servants aren't allowed to accept rewards.公務(wù)員不得接受酬謝。
給予；使得到
allowed him ￡1000 for expenses給他每年1000 英鎊的開銷
We must allow that he is a good teacher. (We must allow him to be a good teacher.)
我們應(yīng)當(dāng)承認(rèn)他是位好老師。
allow for考慮；顧及
We must allow for his inexperience.我們必須考慮到他缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
It takes about two hours to get to their office building, allowing for possible traffic delays.
考慮到路上可能遇到的交通耽擱,到他們的辦公大樓大約要花費(fèi)兩小時(shí)。
allow of容許; 許可
The situations allow of no excuse.形勢(shì)不容許拖延; 形勢(shì)刻不容緩。
allow of no excuse不容辯解
3 opinion n.意見；看法
He asked his father's opinion about his plans.他征求爸爸對(duì)他的計(jì)劃的意見。
In my opinion, you're wrong.依我看，你錯(cuò)了。
What's your opinion?你的看法如何?
常用短語(yǔ)：in one's opinion按某人的意見, 據(jù)某人看來(lái)
in the opinion of照...的意見
4 the common people老百姓 common knowledge常識(shí)
common characteristic共同特點(diǎn) common beam標(biāo)準(zhǔn)天平； 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
a common saying俗話
in common共同， 共同享有的， 共同使用的
in common with和…一樣
out of (the) common不尋常的， 特殊的
common ordinary general都含“普通的”意思。
common強(qiáng)調(diào)“常見的”、“ 不足為奇的”， 如：Colds are common in winter.感冒在冬天很常見。ordinary強(qiáng)調(diào)“平常的”、“平淡無(wú)奇的”， 如：His ordinary supper consists of only bread and milk. 他通常的晚餐不過(guò)是面包和牛奶。general意為“普遍的”、“一般的”， 如：This book is intended for the general reader, not for the specialist. 這本書是為一般讀者寫的， 不是為專家寫的。normal指“正常的”、“正規(guī)的”、“常態(tài)的”,
如:the normal temperature of the human body 人的正常體溫
5 alive adj.活的，活著的
The fish we caught is still alive.我們捉的魚還活著。
In most cases, both parents were still alive and still married to each other.
大多數(shù)情況下,他們的父母都還活著,而且仍然保持著婚姻關(guān)系。
活躍的
Although old she is still very much alive.她雖已年邁，但仍很活躍。
仍然存在的；仍然進(jìn)行著的
The argument was kept alive by the politicians.政治家們還在繼續(xù)爭(zhēng)論那件事
alive with充滿…的
The dead tree is alive with insects.這棵枯樹上爬滿了昆蟲。
Living alive live意思都含“活的”。
living 用于生物時(shí), 指“活著的”, 如:
Shelly was still living when Keats died.濟(jì)慈死時(shí), 雪萊還在世。
alive 指“活著的”、“在世的”, 著重于狀態(tài), 它用作表語(yǔ), 或放有名詞或代詞后作定語(yǔ), 如:
The spy was caught alive though he died from wounds the next day.
特務(wù)被活捉, 不過(guò)第二天便因重傷而死。
live 只用于物, 指“活的”, 如:
a live rat一只活鼠。
6 trick n.戲法；把戲；花樣
竅門； 訣竅to learn the tricks of the trade
圈套； 詭計(jì)He got the money from me by a trick.他用詭計(jì)騙走了我的錢。
惡作劇 The children played a trick on their teacher.孩子們捉弄了他們的老師。
vt.（常與into連用）欺騙；坑人
He tricked me into giving him the money.他哄騙我給了他錢。
（常與out of連用）騙走
play a trick on a sb.詐騙某人; 開某人玩笑
trick sb. into [out of]騙人去...[騙取 ...]
7 give away背棄, 出買;泄露(秘密), 暴露; 贈(zèng)送, 分送; 頒發(fā)
give off發(fā)出，放出(蒸汽、氣味等)
give out分發(fā);用完，用盡;精疲力竭; 公布，宣布；發(fā)表
Give the money out to the children.把錢分給孩子們。
Our food supply at last give out.我們的食物終于用完了。
His strength gave out.他已精疲力竭。
It was given out that he was dead.他的死訊已經(jīng)公布。
give over交給，交付，交出
We gave him over to the police.我們把他交給了警方。
give in屈服, 投降, 退讓(to);交[呈]上
give up放棄, 停[中]止;投降, 認(rèn)輸, 泄氣
8 take in收留，收容（某人）；包括；囊括；包含；改短（衣服）；縮減尺寸；了解領(lǐng)悟；欺騙；蒙騙You can also take in some of the notable architectural monuments.
你也可以將一些著名的紀(jì)念性建筑包括在參觀的項(xiàng)目中。
to take in a doctrine了解一種主義
take after相似She takes after her mother.她長(zhǎng)得像她媽媽。
take back撤銷；同意收回；同意回來(lái)
take for當(dāng)作；誤認(rèn)為
We must not take it for granted that the board of the directors will approve of the investment plan.我們決不可想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為董事會(huì)一定會(huì)批準(zhǔn)這個(gè)投資計(jì)劃的。
take off脫掉（衣服）
（飛機(jī)）起飛
The plane took off at three o'clock.飛機(jī)三點(diǎn)鐘起飛了。
take on雇用；聘用；開始顯現(xiàn)；變得有
Why don't you take on sb. your own size?你怎么不跟和你一樣高的人較量？
Unit 15
1 missing adj.失去的, 不見了的, 下落不明的, 失蹤的, 錯(cuò)過(guò)的
a couple of words missing缺的兩三個(gè)字
There is a page missing.缺少一頁(yè)。
2 would rather
3 after all in all above all at all
above all； after all； at all
above all意為“尤其是”、“首先”、“最重要的是”，常位于句首或句中，作插入語(yǔ)，起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。如： But above all tell me quickly what I have to do．可首先快些告訴我該做什么。
A clock must above all keeps good time．時(shí)鐘最重要的是必須走得準(zhǔn)。
after all意為“畢竟”、“終究”、“終歸”、“到底”，在句中位置較靈活。可位于句首、句中或句末。如： After all，your birthday is only two weeks away．畢竟，兩周后就是你的生日。
He is，after all，a small child．他畢竟還是個(gè)小孩子。
He failed after all．他終于失敗了。
at all用于否定句時(shí)，意為“絲毫；根本”，用于疑問(wèn)句時(shí)意為“究竟；到底”，用于條件句時(shí)，常譯為“當(dāng)真；實(shí)在”。用于肯定句中，表示說(shuō)話人的某種情緒或情感（如懷疑或驚奇等），意為“竟然”等。如：
He doesn’t like you at all．他根本不喜歡你。
Are you going to do it at all？你究竟做不做這件事？
If you do it at all，do it well．若你真要做這件事，就得做好。
I was surprised at his coming at all．他竟然來(lái)了，我很驚訝。
4 matter n.
事件, 問(wèn)題, 物質(zhì), 內(nèi)容, 實(shí)質(zhì), 原因, (印刷或書寫的)文件, (文章或講話等的)素材
vi. 有關(guān)系, 要緊
It doesn't matter if you are late.你如果遲到也沒關(guān)系。
What does it matter ?那有什么關(guān)系?
It does not matter (if ...)(即使...也)不要緊
It doesn't matter about the price; buy it, whatever it costs.
價(jià)錢沒什么關(guān)系; 不論多少錢都買。
常用短語(yǔ)：as a matter of fact實(shí)際上, 不瞞你說(shuō), 確實(shí), 事實(shí)是
it is no matter that ...是無(wú)關(guān)緊要的
no matter不要緊, 沒關(guān)系
the matter有問(wèn)題, 有毛病
what matter if即使...又何妨
5 spend\cost\take 表“花費(fèi)”的辨析
6 on one’s /the way to (doing) sth. 正在做某事的過(guò)程中
表示時(shí)間”臨近”的短語(yǔ): be approaching；be coming；be on the way
be around the corner；be at hand
by the way 順便問(wèn)一下 in the way 防礙，擋道 under way在進(jìn)行中, 發(fā)生; 在航行中
in this/that way以這/那種方式 in many ways在許多方面
by way of途經(jīng)by way of London途經(jīng)倫敦 out of the way反常的；異常的
all the way一路上, 沿路從遠(yuǎn)處, 特地；自始至終
feel one's way謹(jǐn)慎小心地進(jìn)行 fight one's way奮斗前進(jìn), 打開一條道路
force one's way擠(出去), 沖(出去) give way (to)讓步; 退讓；讓位于
make one's (own) way前進(jìn), 繁榮, 興隆; 發(fā)跡, 飛黃騰達(dá)
in a way有幾分, 稍微; 在某一方面; 在某種意義上; 在某種程度上
in any way無(wú)論如何, 在任何情況下 in no way決不, 無(wú)論如何不
7 cost 1) n. 成本，費(fèi)用
reduce the production cost降低生產(chǎn)成本
the cost of living生活費(fèi)用
2) n. 代價(jià)
at all costs任何代價(jià)
at the cost of…不惜以…為代價(jià)
3) vt. 使失去(生命,健康等)
His carelessness cost him his life
costly : adj. expensive: 昂貴的
8 for this once (=for once, just for once)就這一次; 破例一回
once again再一次 once and again一再, 再三
once in a while有時(shí), 間或, 偶而
9 call on號(hào)召；呼吁；邀請(qǐng)；拜訪；請(qǐng)求I'll call on him tomorrow.明天我去拜訪他。
call for需要；要求；值得：取; 接;
My chauffeur will call for you at seven.我的汽車司機(jī)七點(diǎn)鐘會(huì)到你那兒去取
The occasion calls for a cool head.這種場(chǎng)合需要冷靜的頭腦。
call off取消
The meeting has been called off.會(huì)議取消了。
call up召集；動(dòng)員；使人想起 (= call upon)傳人到法庭; 應(yīng)征入伍; 打電話;
call in 回收使退出流通：邀請(qǐng)
calling in silver dollars.回收銀幣 call in a specialist.邀請(qǐng)一個(gè)專家
call out召喚：大聲喊叫; 召集; 命令(工人)罷工;
call out the guard.將衛(wèi)兵集合起來(lái)
call by[口]順便到...去一下; 順路訪問(wèn)
call over點(diǎn)名
10 pay off還清；償清；結(jié)清工資解雇（某人）；成功
Our plan certainly paid off; it was a great idea.
"我們的計(jì)劃當(dāng)然成功了,那是個(gè)很好的主意。"
pay back報(bào)復(fù) (= pay off, pay out, serve out)
I'll certainly pay you back for what you did to me!
"你那樣對(duì)待我,我一定要回敬你的!"
償還；償付
How can I pay you back for all your kindness?你的這番好意我該怎么報(bào)答呢?
11 attend vi., vt.注意；留意出席；到場(chǎng)
attend school上學(xué)
attend a lecture聽講課
attend church去教堂
attend (at) a wedding出席婚禮
attend on護(hù)理, 侍候, 陪伴, 伴隨
attend to傾聽, 注意, 留心；關(guān)心, 照顧, 護(hù)理; 辦理