Unit 9
1 attend vt.出席參加; 上(學(xué), 教堂)
attend a meeting [lecture]出席會(huì)議[聽(tīng)演講, 聽(tīng)課]
attend a wedding [a funeral]參加婚禮[葬禮]
attend school [church]上學(xué)[教堂]
be well attended出席(聽(tīng)...)...人數(shù)很多
be attended by由...陪同; 由...照料
I will attend you to the classroom.我將陪你到教室去。
May good luck attend you!祝你幸運(yùn)!
vi.出席,參加[(+at)] attend (at) a wedding 出席婚禮
照料,處理[(+to)]
I'll attend to the matter.我來(lái)處理此事。
護(hù)理;侍候[(+on/upon)]
注意,傾聽(tīng);致力(于)[(+to)]
She didn't attend to what I was saying.她并不注意聽(tīng)我所說(shuō)的話
【習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)】
attend on 服侍, 照料; 陪, 隨從
attend upon 服侍, 照料; 陪, 隨從
attend to 傾聽(tīng), 注意, 留心 ；關(guān)心, 照顧, 護(hù)理; 辦理
2 content a.滿足的,滿意的;甘愿的[F][(+with)][+to-v]
She seems content to live with him.她似乎很滿意與他生活在一起。
He was content with his work.他對(duì)自己的工作很滿意。
vt.使?jié)M足[(+with)]
Her answer seemed to content him.她的回答好像令他滿意。
【習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)】
be content to do sth. 樂(lè)于做某事
be content with 沉迷［滿足］于
to one's heart's content 心滿意足， 盡情地 I ate to my heart’s content. 我盡情地吃。
content oneself with 滿足于， 對(duì)...感到滿足
3 access 接近,進(jìn)入;接近的機(jī)會(huì),進(jìn)入的權(quán)利;使用[U][(+to)]
access broadcasting
向公眾開(kāi)放的節(jié)目播送(電臺(tái)、電視臺(tái)開(kāi)放給少數(shù)民族或利益團(tuán)體傳遞訊息或做宣傳的節(jié)目播送)
Only a few people have access to the full facts of the case.只有少數(shù)幾個(gè)人能看到有關(guān)該案全部事實(shí)的材料。
Citizens may have free accessto the library. 市民可以自由使用圖書(shū)館。
通道,入口,門(mén)路[C][U][(+to)]
The only access to their house is along that narrow road.只有沿著那條狹窄的路走才能到達(dá)他們的房子。
【習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)】
be easy [hard, difficult] of access 容易[難]接近
give access to 接見(jiàn); 準(zhǔn)許出入
have [gain, get, obtain] access to 得接近; 得會(huì)見(jiàn); 得進(jìn)入; 得使用
4 stress
n.壓力;緊張;壓迫[U][C][(+on)]
Susan was completely weighed down by the stress of examinations.蘇珊被考試的壓力壓垮了。
under the stress of poverty 在貧困的壓力下
著重;重要性[U][(+on)]
She lay great stress on proper behavior.她很強(qiáng)調(diào)行為端正。
time of stress 危難之際, 非常時(shí)期
【語(yǔ)】重音;重讀[U][C][(+on)]
In the word "mother" the stress is on the first syllable.在"mother"這一字里,重音在第一個(gè)音節(jié)上。
vt.強(qiáng)調(diào),著重
The English teacher stressed the importance of reading aloud.
英語(yǔ)老師強(qiáng)調(diào)了朗讀的重要性。
I must stress that we haven't much time. 我必須強(qiáng)調(diào)我們沒(méi)有多少時(shí)間了。
用重音讀Stress the second syllable.重讀第二個(gè)音節(jié)。
加壓力于;使緊張
The weight of snow stressed the roof to the point of collapsing.
雪的重量壓得屋頂快要塌了。
【習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)】
in the stress of the moment 一時(shí)緊張
lay [place, put] stress on 把重點(diǎn)放在...上; 在...上用力
under [driven by] the stress of 為...所迫; 為...所驅(qū)使; 處境緊張[困難]
5 responsibility n. 責(zé)任, 職責(zé)
【習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)】
be relieved of one's responsibility [-ties] (被)解除職責(zé)
bear responsibility for 對(duì)...負(fù)有責(zé)任
decline all responsibility for 聲明對(duì)...不負(fù)任何責(zé)任
on one's own responsibility 自作主張地, 自負(fù)全責(zé)地
take full responsibility for 對(duì)... 負(fù)完全 責(zé)任
take the responsibility upon oneself 自己承擔(dān)起責(zé)任來(lái)
undertake fresh responsibility 擔(dān)負(fù)起新的職責(zé)
6 alternative n. 二中擇一, 可供選擇的辦法, 事物抉擇；選擇余地[the …+of)]
adj. 選擇性的, 二中擇一的
If you don't like the school lunch, you have the alternative of bringing your own.
要是你不喜歡學(xué)校準(zhǔn)備的午餐,你可以自己帶飯。
What alternatives are there?還有什么可選擇的?
選擇的自由(或余地)[U]
They had no alternative in the matter.在這件事上,他們沒(méi)有選擇的余地
We have no alternative but to go on. 除了繼續(xù)下去,我們沒(méi)有選擇的余地。
There was no other alternative but to fight till the victory.
除了戰(zhàn)斗直到勝利,別無(wú)選擇。
【習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)】
have no alternative but 除...外別無(wú)選擇; 只有; 只好
7 affect
vt. 影響, 對(duì)...起作用[反應(yīng)]; 使...感光; 改變; 損[傷]害
The amount of rain affects the growth of crops.雨量影響作物的生長(zhǎng)。
感動(dòng) ; He was deeply affected by my words. 他聽(tīng)了我的話很受感動(dòng)。
(病)侵襲;罹患 患(病), 中(暑) be affected by heat [cold] 中暑[著涼]
Her kidneys had become affected.她的腎臟受到了感染。
【參考詞匯】
affect effect influence 作為動(dòng)詞, 都含“影響”的意思。
affect 指“產(chǎn)生的影響之大足以引起反應(yīng)”,著重“影響”的動(dòng)作, 有時(shí)含有“對(duì)...產(chǎn)生不利影響”的意思, 如:
This article will affect my thinking. 這篇文章將會(huì)影響我的思想。
effect 指“實(shí)現(xiàn)”、“達(dá)成”,著重“造成”一種特殊的效果, 如:
This book effected a change in my opinion. 這本書(shū)使我的看法起了變化。
The reform was effected. 改革實(shí)現(xiàn)了。
influence 指“通過(guò)說(shuō)服、舉例等對(duì)行動(dòng)、思想、性格等產(chǎn)生不易覺(jué)察到的,潛移默化的影響”, 如: Influenced by a high-school biology teacher, he took up the study of medicine.
在一位中學(xué)生物教師的影響下, 他從事醫(yī)學(xué)研究。
8 wipe out 掃除；清除掉 ;勾銷（債務(wù)） ;消滅；毀滅 ;洗雪(恥辱)
to wipe out a whole army 殲滅一個(gè)整軍
wipe up 揩干（洗凈的碟盤(pán)） ;揩干
wipe off 勾銷（債務(wù)
wipe down 把…擦干凈
（常與away, off連用）擦干；揩凈
wipe your tears away 擦干你的眼淚
9 issue vt.(1)發(fā)行;發(fā)布
The post office issued the stamps last week.上星期郵局發(fā)行了這些郵票。
(2). 發(fā)給,配給[O][(+to)],核發(fā)
They issued the soldiers with guns. 他們把槍發(fā)給士兵。
(3.) 使流出,放出,排出
vi.(1). 出來(lái)[(+forth)](2). 流出[(+from)]
Lava issued from the volcano.熔巖從火山口流出來(lái)。
(3). 由...得出,由...產(chǎn)生[(+from)]
His difficulties in his work issue from his lack of experience.
他工作中的困難是由于缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)而引起的。
(4). 發(fā)行,頒布,出版
A new coinage issued.一種新硬幣發(fā)行了。
n.(1). 問(wèn)題;爭(zhēng)論;爭(zhēng)議[C]
They have published a lot of new books on international issues.
他們已經(jīng)出版了很多論述國(guó)際問(wèn)題的新書(shū)。
(2). 發(fā)行(物);一次發(fā)行量;(報(bào)刊)期號(hào)[C]
There's an article about Jamaica in this issue.
在這一期里有一篇關(guān)于牙買加的文章。
【習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)】
at issue 在爭(zhēng)論中; 不一致, 有分歧; 待裁決的
raise a new issue 提出新論點(diǎn)
take issue against 反對(duì)
issue sth.to sb. 把某物發(fā)給某人 = issue sb. with sth.
issue from 從...流出[冒出、傳出]
join issue (=take issue) with sb on sth爭(zhēng)論, 進(jìn)行辨論
make an issue of sth. 使某事成為有爭(zhēng)論的問(wèn)題
10 advise：可用作動(dòng)詞（vt.＆vi.）。主要義項(xiàng)有：忠告，勸告，建議，通知，商量。
用作動(dòng)詞時(shí)的主要搭配形式為：（1）advise+名詞/動(dòng)名詞；
Eg. I advise waiting until tomorrow.我建議等到明天。
（2）+sb. to do sth. Eg. I advise you to start at once. 我勸你立刻出發(fā)。
（3）+賓語(yǔ)從句Eg. Can you advise me whether I should go abroad?
你能不能指點(diǎn)我該不該出國(guó)？
（4）sb. against doing sth.
Eg. I strongly advise you against going abroad.我力勸你不要出國(guó)。
（5）sb. on sth.
Eg. He advises us on economic affairs.他給我們提供有關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)事務(wù)的建議。
（6）sb.+疑問(wèn)詞+不定式
Eg. He could not advise me what to do next.他無(wú)法教我接下來(lái)該做什么。
（7）sb. of sth.Eg. Please advise us of the date. 請(qǐng)將日期通知我們。
注意：advise作“通知”講后跟賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，用陳述語(yǔ)氣；作“建議”講后跟賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
Eg. We were advised that they could not accept our offer.
我們獲得通知，說(shuō)他們不能接受我們的提議。
I advised him that he (should) go at once.我勸他應(yīng)該馬上去。
11 face
Unit 10
1 frighten vt.\ vi. 使驚嚇; 驚恐
習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)】
be frightened of [口]害怕, 對(duì)...感到恐懼
frighten away 嚇跑, 嚇走
frighten off 嚇跑, 嚇走
frighten sb. into doing sth. 用恐嚇手段迫使某人做[不做]某事
frighten sb. out of doing sth. 用恐嚇手段迫使某人做[不做]某事
He was frightened of the fierce dog. 他讓這只兇猛的狗嚇怕了。
He was frightened at the thought of his huge debts.
他一想到他背負(fù)的巨額債務(wù)便膽戰(zhàn)心驚。
2 urge vt.催促;力勸;激勵(lì);慫恿
They urged us to go at once.他們催促我們馬上去。
極力主張;強(qiáng)烈要求[(+on)][+that]
urge sth. on [upon] sb. 向某人極力陳述某事
My friends urged that I (should) apply for the job.朋友們力勸我申請(qǐng)那份工作。
The people in that country urged independence.那個(gè)國(guó)家的人民要求獨(dú)立。
推進(jìn);驅(qū)策[ on [onward, forward] 推進(jìn); 驅(qū)策
We urged the school team on with loud cheers.我們大聲助威,激勵(lì)校隊(duì)拼搏。
vi. 極力主張;強(qiáng)烈要求
urge against 極力反對(duì)
The citizens urged for the construction of a new hospital.市民們強(qiáng)烈要求建造一個(gè)新醫(yī)院。
n.[C]. 強(qiáng)烈的欲望;沖動(dòng);迫切的要求
The vacation is coming and I have an urge to travel.假期快到了,我很想外出旅行。
【習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)】
urge... into doing [to do] [慫恿]...做
3 board
n. 木板;板,牌子;布告牌;黑板;(棋)盤(pán)[C]
He sawed the board in half.他將木板鋸成兩塊。
膳食;伙食[U]We will provide room and board for them.我們將提供他們的食宿。
委員會(huì);理事會(huì);董事會(huì);(政府的)部,局,會(huì)
He has recently joined the board of the company.最近加入了該公司的董事會(huì)。
舞臺(tái);演員的職業(yè)[the P]He quit the boards years ago.數(shù)年前他就離開(kāi)了舞臺(tái)。
vt.. 用木板覆蓋(或封閉)[(+up/over)]
He boarded up the windows.他用木板將窗釘上。
上(船、車、飛機(jī)等)
The passengers boarded the plane at 9 a.m.旅客們上午九時(shí)登上飛機(jī)。
包飯;供...膳宿
【習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)】
above board 誠(chéng)實(shí)地, 公開(kāi)地, 光明正大地
All on board! 請(qǐng)大家上車!
go on board 上船; 上飛機(jī), 上火車
go on the boards 當(dāng)演員
Trade Board 勞資協(xié)商會(huì)
board in 在寄宿處吃飯
board up 柵木板阻斷(道路等) 用木板圍住 用木板釘起
across the board 包括所有團(tuán)體或成員
A wage rise of 10 pounds a week across the board. 全體成員每人每周加薪10鎊
go by the board （計(jì)劃、安排等）失敗，落空
sweep the board 贏得一切；幾乎全勝
Our team swept the board in the sports games. 我們代表隊(duì)在運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)中大獲全勝。
4 live through：度過(guò), 經(jīng)受過(guò)
Eg. They lived through the Second World War.他們經(jīng)歷過(guò)第二次世界大戰(zhàn)。
相關(guān)歸納：（1）get through 做/辦/看完；通過(guò)/讓通過(guò)；接通電話
Eg. I will be with you as soon as I get through this work.我一做好這項(xiàng)工作就到你這兒來(lái)。
I got through the book in one evening.我一個(gè)晚上就看完了這本書(shū)。
（2）go through 審閱；檢查；討論；查看；看一遍；經(jīng)歷（困難、痛苦等），經(jīng)過(guò)（階段等）Eg. I’d like to have you go through the book.我想讓你審閱一下這本書(shū)。
Most families went through a lot during the war.大多數(shù)家庭在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間經(jīng)歷了很多的苦。
5 on end：豎著, 連續(xù)地
Eg. He stood the box on end.他把箱子豎立起來(lái)。
It snowed for three days on end. 一連下了三天雪。
相關(guān)歸納：（1）at the end 結(jié)束；盡頭
Eg. She was at the end of the patience. 她已忍無(wú)可忍。
（2）in the end 最后；終于
Eg. He tired again and again and succeeded in the end.他一試再試，終于成功了。
（3）put an end to 結(jié)束；停止
Eg. Let’s put an end to this quarrel. 我們結(jié)束這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)吵吧。
（4）come to an end完畢；終止；結(jié)束
Eg. The meeting came to an end early. 會(huì)議很早結(jié)束。
注意：end構(gòu)成的詞組中不定冠詞、定冠詞、零冠詞的使用
6 at hand：在手邊, 在附近, 即將到來(lái)
Eg. I always keep the handbook at hand.我總是把那本手冊(cè)放在手邊。
Final examinations are at hand. 期末考試快到了。
相關(guān)歸納：（1）by hand 用手
She did all the sewing by hand.她用手工做了所有的縫紉工作。
（2）in hand 所有；在控制下；已經(jīng)著手；正在考慮中
I have only $50 in hand.我手頭只有50美元。
Let’s finish the work in hand. 我們把手頭的工作完成吧。
（3）on hand 在近處；出席；迫近
They have some new goods on hand.他們有一些新貨。
He advised me to be on hand.他勸我出席。
A change may be on hand.一項(xiàng)改變可能已經(jīng)迫近。
注意：以上由hand構(gòu)成的詞組hand前不用冠詞。