Periods Five & Six Grammar and Usage
（一）學(xué)習(xí)要求: 學(xué)習(xí)并掌握什么是定語從句以及關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中的作用。
（二）詞匯掃雷(寫出下列單詞的漢語意思)：
1. attributive 2. modify 3. antecedent
4. relative 5. pronoun 6. adverb
7. function 8. predicative 9. attribute ____
10. adverbial 11. clause 12. possession
（三）熱身練習(xí)（劃出下列復(fù)合句中的從句部分并說出是什么從句）：
1. I'll go with you as soon as I finish my work.
2. These photographs will show you what our village looks like
3. This is the best dictionary that I've ever bought.
4. The man who talked to you just now is an engineer.
（一）自學(xué)評價(jià)
1. What’s an antecedent in an attributive clause?
2. What’s the functions of a relative pronoun or a relative adverb in an attributive clause?
（二）系列活動
I. Presentation and Definition.
Look at the picture at page 8 and think of the following phrases or sentence.
Adjective: a green team
Prepositional phrase: a team in green
Attributive clause: a team who were wearing green
Get the idea of what is an Attributive Clause
Read Part 2 at page 8. Attributive clauses are usually introduced by relative pronouns like which, that, who, whom, and whose, or relative adverbs like where, why and when. In the clause these relative words usually function as the following: (see page 8)
II. Read the article at page 9 and underline the attributive clauses in the article.
III. Read the introductions to relative pronouns: that, which, who, whom and whose and grasp the usages of these relative pronouns (shown on the screen). Then do the exercise at page 11.
IV. Consolidation. Finish the exercises at page88
（三）釋疑解難
1. Upon finishing his studies, he started traveling in China.
Upon finishing = as soon as he finished 這里的“Upon”也可以用“on ”來代替。
On reaching the city, he called up Lester. 一到了城里，他就打電話給里斯特。
2. donate vt捐贈；贈送
The businessman donated a lot of money to the hospital. 這個(gè)商人捐給醫(yī)院很多錢。
Everyone was asked to donate a day’s pay to the city charities.要求每個(gè)人將一天的所得獻(xiàn)
給城市慈善機(jī)構(gòu)。
3. refer to v. 查閱, 提到, 談到, 涉及到，打聽，適用于
Who were you referring to just now. 剛才你們談到誰了？
When I said some people were selfish, I wasn’t referring to you. 當(dāng)我說有些人自私時(shí)，我
并非指你。
A person refers to a dictionary to find the meaning of words. 人們查閱詞典找單詞的意思。
This rule refers to everyone. 這規(guī)則適用于任何人。
4. in this case 在這種情況下，如果這樣
In this case, I had no more to say. 如果這樣，我沒有什么可多說的了。
5. the other day 不久前的一天，幾天前
I picked up a wallet the other day and handed it in to the teacher.
前幾天我撿了個(gè)錢包交給了老師。
6. leave out 刪掉，不用，不考慮，遺漏
Such a good article mustn’t be left out. 這樣好的文章可不能刪掉。
Don’t leave me out. I’ll go with you. 不要把我漏掉，我也要和你們一起去。
7. relate to 涉及，和……有關(guān)
He is related to the murder. 他與這起謀殺有關(guān)。
Please give an example (which is) related to the phrase. 請舉個(gè)與該短語相關(guān)的例子。
8. besides 和except的用法
except表示“同類中除此以外”而besides 表示“除……外，其他的也”
We all went to the park besides Mary. 除瑪麗外，我們也都去了公園。
We all went to the park except Mary. 除瑪麗外我們都去公園了。
except 與but 的意思相同，用法也相同，但but 后不能接從句。
We all went to the park except (but) Mary.
beside表示“在……旁邊”如：
There is a tree beside the house. 房子旁邊有一棵樹。
9. pay attention to 注意
You should pay more attention to your pronunciation. 你應(yīng)該多注意你的發(fā)音。
（四）追蹤練習(xí)
I. Complete the sentences.
1. The girl ____________________________(告訴我消息的) is not here now.
2. The man ___________________________(在這屋子工作的)is a chemist.
3. Here is the pen ___________________________(你昨天丟失的) .
4. I have lost the watch _______________________(我父親給我的).
5. The writing-brush (毛筆) _________________________(他拿走的) was mine.
6. The play _________________________(我們昨天晚上看的)was wonderful.
7. He lives in the room ______________________(窗戶朝南開的).
8. Do you know the boy _______________________(他的腿從樹上摔下來時(shí)摔斷了).
9. This is the story of a man ______________________________(他的妻子突然失蹤了).
10. A man brought in a small girl ____________________________(她的手被割破了).
II. Find out the mistake in each sentence and correct it.
1. This is the factory where we visited last week.
2. This is the watch for which Tom is looking.
3. The person to who you spoke is a student of Grade Two.
4. The house in that we live is very small.
5. The sun gives off light and warmth, that makes it possible for plants to grow.
6. I’ve read all the books which I borrowed from the library.
7. This is the best film which I have ever seen.
8. My father and Mr. Smith talked about things and persons who they remembered in the country.
9. Everything which we saw was of great interest.
10. His dog, that was now very old, became ill and died.
11. The reason which he didn’t go to school is that he was ill.
12. Those who wants to go with me put up your hands.
13. The boy, his mother died last year, studies very hard.
14. I have two sisters, both of them are doctors.
15. We’re going to visit the school where your brother works there.
16. He is the only one of the students who have been invited to the English Evening.
17. That is the way which they work.
18. Those have questions can ask the teachers for advice.
19. Who is the man who has white hairs?
20. I will never forget the days which we had a good time together at the sea.
定語從句中關(guān)系代詞that的特殊用法
引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞who, which有時(shí)可與that互換使用。但在下列情況下，一般只用that。
一、當(dāng)先行詞為不定代詞anything, everything, nothing, any, little, one, few, much, all, none等時(shí)。如：a. There isn't much that I can do. b. He is one of the few that can work it out in five minutes.
二、當(dāng)先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾時(shí)。如：a. The book is the best that I have read. b. This is the biggest laboratory that we have ever built in our university.
三、當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。如：a. It is the third one that I've bought. b. This is the first place that I've ever visited.
四、當(dāng)先行詞被the very, the only等詞修飾時(shí)。如：a. Is this the very museum that you visited the other day? b. This is the only book that I need at present.
五、當(dāng)先行詞包含了人和事物兩方面的含義時(shí)。如：They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.
六、當(dāng)先行詞被same修飾，且指“同一事物”時(shí)。如：She is wearing the same dress that she wore yesterday.
七、關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作表語時(shí)。如：a. This is no longer the place that it used to be. b. He is not the man that he was.
八、當(dāng)主句是以who, which開頭的特殊疑問句或先行詞是who時(shí)。如：a. Which is the book that he bought yesterday? b. Who is the boy that is standing there.
I. Multiple choices.
1. I’m one of the boys ____ never late for school.
A. that is B. who are C. who am D. who is
2. A child ____ parents are dead is called an orphan.
A. which B. his C. whose D. with
3. Read only such books ____ you can understand.
A. as B. that C. what D. than
4. He gave me more money ____ was required.
A. it B. which C. that D. than
5. We visited a factory ____ makes toys for children.
A. where B. which C. in which D. who
6. There is a mountain ____ the top is always covered with snow.
A. of that B. of which C. it's D. that
7. This is the only dictionary ____ he often turns to for help.
A. which B. that C. what D. one
8. The car ran over a dog and a boy ____ was just crossing the street.
A. who B. whom C. that D. which
9. My hometown is not the same ____ it used to be.
A. like B. as C. that D. which
10.I don't like ____ you speak to her.
A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which
11. The place ____ interested me most was the Children’s Palace.
A. which B. where C. what D. in which
12. That is the reason ____ he wasn’t here yesterday.
A. why B. which C. on which D. in which
13. That is the reason ____ he can’t say.
A. why B. that C. what D. in which
14. You have no idea ____ worried I was.
A. how B. however C. that D. where
15. The factory ____ his mother works is in the east of the city.
A. that B. which C. on which D. where
II. Translate the following sentences into English.
1、那個(gè)經(jīng)常幫助我的女孩是我的同學(xué)。
_______________________________________________________________
2、我上星期看的那本書很有趣。
_______________________________________________________________
3、這就是打破了窗戶的那個(gè)房間。
_______________________________________________________________
4、他正在給昨天栽的那些樹澆水。
_______________________________________________________________
5、他拿走的那本雜志不是我的。
_______________________________________________________________
6、那個(gè)去年去世了父母的孩子現(xiàn)在和他的老師住在一起。
_______________________________________________________________
7、從我們身旁走過去的那個(gè)女青年是我們的化學(xué)老師。
_______________________________________________________________
8、我把父親給我的那塊表丟了。
_______________________________________________________________
III. Reading Comprehension.
Six people were traveling in a compartment (包廂) on a train. Five of them were quiet and well behaved(舉止文明), but the sixth was a rude young man who was causing a lot of trouble to the other passengers.
At last this young man got out of the station with his two heavy bags. None of the other passengers helped him, but one of them waited until the rude young man was very far away, and then opened the window to him, “ You left something behind in the compartment!” Then he closed the window again.
The young man turned around and hurried back with his two bags. He was very tired when he arrived, but he shouted through the window, “ What did I leave behind?”
As the train began to move again, the passenger who had called him back opened the window and said, “ A very bad impression!”
1. Of the six passengers in the compartment ___.
A. five of them were rude and badly behaved
B. one of them was rude and badly behaved
C. five were always causing trouble on the train
D. only one was quiet and well behaved
2. When the rude young man got off the train ___.
A. he left his two bags behind
B. he was thrown out through the window
C. the other five passengers didn’t help him
D. one of the other passengers opened the window for him
3. The young man hurried back because ___.
A. he found he had left something on the train
B. he found he had left his bags on the train
C. he heard a passenger calling him by his name
D. he heard a passenger shouting to him that he had left something behind
4. The passenger who had called him back wanted
A. to punish him for his bad behavior
B. to have a word with him about his behavior
C. to help him with his behavior
D. to return him the things he had left on the train
Reference key for Periods 5-6
一、（二）
1.定語的2. 修飾 3. 先行詞 4. （有）關(guān)系的 5. 代詞 6. 副詞 7.作用 8.表語
9. 定語 10.狀語 11.從句 12.擁有
（三）1. I'll go with you as soon as I finish my work. 狀語從句
2. These photographs will show you what our village looks like 賓語從句
3. This is the best dictionary that I've ever bought. 定語從句
4. The man who talked to you just now is an engineer. 定語從句
二、(一) 1. An attributive clause modifies a noun in the same way that an adjective or prepositional phrase does. The noun it modifies is called an antecedent.
2. Relative pronouns or relative adverbs introduce attributive clauses and they usually function as the subject, object, predicative, attribute or adverbial in the clause.
（四）I．1. who/that told me the news. 2. who/that works/is working in the house.
3.（which/that）you lost yesterday. 4.(which/that）my father gave（to）me.
5. (which/that) he took away. 6. (which/that) we watched last night.
7. whose window/the window of which faces (the) south.
8. who had his legs broken when falling off the tree / whose legs were broken when he fell off the tree.
9. whose wife disappeared suddenly
10. who had her hand cut / whose hand had been cut
II.1. where→that/which或去掉where�！ �2. 把for放在looking之后。
3. who→whom�！ �4. that→which�！ �5. that→which。
6. which→that或去掉which 7. which→that或去掉which 8. who→that
9. which→that或去掉which�！ �10. that→which。
11. which→why/which前加for或去掉which。
12. wants→want�！ �13. his→whose�！ �14. them→whom或both前加and。
15. 去掉there。 16. have→has�！ �
17. which→that/which前加in或去掉which�！ �18. Those后加who。
19. 第二個(gè)who→that�！ �20. which→when或which前加in。
四、I.1-5BCADB 6-10.BBCBA 11-15 AABAD
II. 1. The girl who often helps me is my classmate.
2. The book (which / that)I read last week was very interesting.
3. This is the room whose window / the window of which is broken.
4. He is watering the trees (which / that were) planted yesterday.
5. The magazine (which / that) he took away isn’t mine / doesn’t belong to me.
6. The child whose parents died last year is now living with his teacher.
7. The young woman who just passed / walked by us is our chemistry teacher.
8. I’ve lost the watch (which / that) my father gave (to) me.
III.1-4 BCDA