模塊三 語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)練：主謂一致
【考點(diǎn)透視】
在近年高考英語(yǔ)試題中，單項(xiàng)填空部分直接涉及到主謂一致的內(nèi)容不是十分頻繁，但是這并不是說(shuō)主謂一致不重要，一方面在試題的其他方面有一定程度的體現(xiàn)，另一方面說(shuō)明在今后的單選命題中考查主謂一致的幾率更高。有關(guān)主謂一致的考點(diǎn)主要分布在：語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)主謂一致的影響；充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的詞匯意義對(duì)主謂一致的影響；復(fù)合句中的主謂一致等。
主謂一致指的是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)方面的一致。主謂一致有三項(xiàng)原則，即：語(yǔ)法一致、意義一致和就近一致原則是在特殊情況下對(duì)語(yǔ)法一致的補(bǔ)充。這里就一些情況作如下說(shuō)明：
（一）當(dāng)名詞詞組中心詞為表示度量、距離、金額、時(shí)間、書(shū)名等復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)常用單數(shù)。如：
Five minutes is enough to do this exercise.
（二）不定代詞each，every，no所修飾的名詞即使以and或逗號(hào)連接成多主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。如：
Each boy and each girl wants to serve the people in future.
（三）不定式、動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
（四）從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)：
1．what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞視情況而定。
What we need is more time. / What we need are more teachers.
2．在“one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + who / that”引導(dǎo)的從句中的動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，但當(dāng)one之前有the only等修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中的動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)。如：
This is one of the girls who were late for the meeting.
This is the only one of the girls who was late for the meeting.
（五）以and連接的兩個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。如：
Walking and riding are good exercises.
但在以下幾種情況中用單數(shù)：
1．當(dāng)被修飾的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞在意義上指的是同一個(gè)人、物或概念時(shí)。如：
The girl’s teacher and friend is a young doctor.
2．當(dāng)被連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞表示的是一副用具時(shí)。
A knife and fork is on the table.
（六）有些以-s結(jié)尾的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，根據(jù)其意思來(lái)決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)：
1．表示學(xué)科名稱(chēng)的名詞→單數(shù)；
2．國(guó)家或團(tuán)體名稱(chēng)→單數(shù)；
3．the Olympic Games→復(fù)數(shù)；
4．當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞，如：means，works等。
Every means has been tried. / All means have been tried.
（七）集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，視其意義來(lái)決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)：
1．police，people等名詞→復(fù)數(shù)；
2．clothing，equipment，furniture等名詞→單數(shù)；
3．family，class，public，population等名詞表示個(gè)體時(shí)→單數(shù)；表示單位成員時(shí)→復(fù)數(shù)；
（八）all，most，half，the rest等不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，視其所代的名詞或意思來(lái)決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。
（九）a lot of/ lots of，a large quantity of等量詞 + 名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由這些量詞后的名詞決定。如：
A large quantity of people are needed here.
但large quantities of修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：
Large quantities of food / books are on the table.
（十）a kind of／kinds of作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由kind決定，type也是這樣。如：
This kind of men is dangerous. / Men of this are dangerous.
（十一）分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù) + 名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)后的名詞決定。
（十二）more than one ...，many a ...作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：
Many a student has read the book.
（十三）or，either ... or ...，neither ... nor ...，not only ... but (also) ...等連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與就近的主語(yǔ)一致。
（十四）主語(yǔ)后面跟有l(wèi)ike，as well as / with/ along with/ together with，except/ but / rather than， including/ besides/ in addition to等詞組時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)根據(jù)主語(yǔ)而定。如：
The teacher together with his students was excited.
【題例精析】
【例1】- Mike, what did our monitor say just now?
- Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who _______ to visit the museum _______ asked to be at the school gate before 6:30 in the morning. （2007南京一中卷）
A. is; is B. are; are
C. is; are D. are; is
【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)悟】解答該題的關(guān)鍵是要理解題干結(jié)構(gòu)，把握以every, no, each 等限定的并由and連接的兩個(gè)并列名詞用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致以及定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致。
【要點(diǎn)精析】該題為一個(gè)帶有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句，句中作定語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞who指代先行詞teachers，為復(fù)數(shù)，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞該用are；as well as連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)前一個(gè)主語(yǔ)決定；由 every, no, each 等限定的并由and連接的兩個(gè)并列名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。
【答案】D
【例2】 What the remote areas need _____ education to children and what the children need _____ good textbooks at the moment. （2007山東棗莊3月交流卷）
A. is; are B. are; is
C. was; were D. were; was
【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)悟】解答該題關(guān)鍵是要注意由特殊疑問(wèn)詞what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致關(guān)系。
【要點(diǎn)精析】一般情況下，what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，常表示單數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，但當(dāng)它所指的具體內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。該題強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。
【答案】A
【專(zhuān)項(xiàng)檢測(cè)】
1. Whom _______ this pair of glasses belong to and whose ________ the glasses on the table?
A. does; is B. do; are C. does; are D. do; is
2. There _______ a pen, two pencils and three books on the desk.
A. are B. is C. has D. have
3. The United States of America ________ one of the most developed countries in the world.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
4. “All ______ present and all ________ going on well,” our monitor said.
A. is; is B. are; are C. are; is D. is; are
5. I have finished a large part of the book, the rest of which _________ very difficult.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
6. The trouble with such resources as coal, oil and gas ______ that they are not renewable.
A. has been B. are C. have been D. is
7. More than one example _______ necessary to make the students understand this rule clearly.
A. should be B. is C. are D. have been
8. Although many of the houses in the small town ______ still in need of repair, there _______ lots of improvement in their appearance.
A. are; has been B. is; have been
C. is; are D. are; was
9. Going to bed early and getting up early _________ a good habit.
A. is B. are C. were D. was
10. The police _______ asked that anyone who saw the accident should get in touch with _______.
A. have; them B. has; him C. have; him D. has; them
11. My friend and classmate Paul ________ horse-riding in his spare time.
A. practice B. practices C. is practiced. D. is practicing
12. People like beautiful things, but the beautiful________ not always the useful.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
13. ―Are you very anxious?
―Yes. Ten minutes ________ like an hour when you are waiting for a phone call.
A. seem B. seems C. do D. does
14. On the wall ________ two large pictures of his parents.
A. hangs B. hanged C. hanging D. hang
15. That’s the one of the subjects that ___________ to start a conversation.
A. intends B. intend C. are intended D. is intended
16. I, who _________ your teacher, will try my best to help you with your study.
A. be B. am C. are D. is
17. Not only my brother but also I _______ good at painting. Both of us _________ good painters.
A. are; are B. am; are C. is; is D. are; is
18. Setting fire to the public buildings ________ highly dangerous and forbidden by law.
A. are B. is C. has D. were
19. _________ visitors to the UK were asked by newspaper reporters what their impressions of the British people were.
A. The number of B. A number of C. Numbers of D. Any numbers of
20. The first two questions were easy, but the rest of them _______ not.
A. was B. were C. being D. to be
21. “The public _______ the best judge.” means “the public always ______ their thoughts correctly.”
A. are; express B. are; expresses
C. is; express D. is; express
22. This kind of cakes ______ good while cakes of that kind ________ different.
A. taste; are B. tastes; are C. smells; is D. look; are
23. Where to find the teacher and where to do the experiment _________.
A. are not known B. is not known
C. has not known D. have not known
24. The manager or his secretary ______ to give you an interview.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
25. That they have cheated the boys ________ now clear to us all.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
26. The old ________ taken good cave of in our country.
A. is B. has C. are D. have
27. It seems to me that what Lucy saw and heard ________ very interesting.
A. was B. were C. is D. are
28. Every means _______ tried, but in vain.
A. have been B. has been C. are D. is
29. Many a boy and many a student ________ looking forward to visiting the United States of America at present.
A. are B. were C. is D. was
30. E-mail, as well as telephones, _______ an important part in daily communication.
A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play
31. Though small, the ant is as much a creature as _______ all other animals on earth.
A. are B. is C. do D. have
32. Despite much research, there are still certain elements in the life cycle of the insect that _______ not fully understood.
A. are B. were C. is D. was
33. Everybody in our country, men and women, old and young, ________ sports and games.
A. are fond of B. enjoys C. go in for D. take part in
34. There are _______ flowers shown in the park and ________ people go to have a look.
A. varieties of; various B. a plenty of; many
C. various; many a D. quite a few; quite a little
35. An iron and steel works, with some satellite factories _________ to be built here.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
36. The engineer and worker referred to ____________ to design something.
A. be going B. are going C. be likely D. is going
37. As a result of destroying the forests, a large _______ of desert _________ covered the land.
A. number; has B. quantity; has
C. number; have D. quantity; have
38. -The education system rather than the teachers _____ to answer for the overburden on the students.
-I agree. I hope the reform being carried out in our country will hang about the _______ results.
A. me; desired B. is; desired
C. are; desiring D. is; desiring
39. His Selected Poems ________ first published in 1986.
A. were B. was C. has been D. is
40. Writing stories and articles ________ what she enjoys most.
A. is B. have been C. was D. were
41. Each of the students in our class ______ great interest in English and they each ______ a copy of A New English-Chinese Dictionary.
A. shows; have B. have; has C. is; have D. takes; has
42. The factory, including its machines and buildings, ________ burnt last night.
A. is B. are C. were D. was
43. The White family _______ very large. All the family _______ animal lovers.
A. is; are B. is; is C. are; is D. are; are
44. Large quantities of fruit ________ all over the world from China today.
A. is shipped B. are shipped C. has Shipped D. have shipped
45. In our country each boy and each girl _______ the right to receive a good education.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
【答案解析】
1．C。“this / the pair of + 名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；glasses，trousers，clothes等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)。
2．B。There be句型中，主語(yǔ)不止一個(gè)時(shí)，遵循“就近一致”的原則，即謂語(yǔ)與鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的一致。
3．A。表示國(guó)家，組織、單位的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。
4．C。不定代詞all作主語(yǔ)，指人時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)；指物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。
5．A。“the rest of + 名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與中心名詞保持一致，這里which指代the book．故用is。
6．D。the trouble / problem with ...意為“由……帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題；……存在的問(wèn)題”。題中：the trouble為主語(yǔ)部分的中心詞。
7．B。many a(許多) + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或more than one(不止一個(gè)) + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常遵循“語(yǔ)法一致”的原則，即主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)也用單數(shù)。
8．A。此處improvement是不可數(shù)名詞。
9．A。當(dāng)and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子作主語(yǔ)且表示同一概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
10．A。police，people，cattle等表示“總稱(chēng)”的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)。
11．B。Paul既是我的朋友還是我的同學(xué)，主語(yǔ)指的是一個(gè)人，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，且根據(jù)題意，此處需用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
12．C。the + 形容詞/ -ing形式/ 過(guò)去分詞(表示-類(lèi)人或事物)做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)，但表示一種抽象概念或品質(zhì)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。題中the beautiful is not always the useful意為“好看的不一定總是有用的”。
13．B。表示時(shí)間、距離、金額數(shù)量等的名詞作為一個(gè)整體作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。
14．D。這是一個(gè)倒裝句，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
15．D。be intended to do / for意為“被打算……”。先行詞為one of ...結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)認(rèn)句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；先行詞為 the (only) one of ...結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
16．B。關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與先行詞保持人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的一致。
17．B。not only ... but also，either ... or，neither ... nor，not ... but等結(jié)構(gòu)連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)遵循“就近一致”的原則。
18．B。不定式、-ing形式短語(yǔ)或名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。注意：當(dāng)what引導(dǎo)的從句作主語(yǔ)，且表語(yǔ)為名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)常由表語(yǔ)的數(shù)決定。
19．C。答案B、D本身就錯(cuò)誤的，A表示“……的數(shù)目”，C表示“許多”，依據(jù)謂語(yǔ)是were，選C。
20．B。本題的要點(diǎn)是half of，the rest of，plenty of修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，視具體情況而定。如果of后面是不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，如果of后面是可數(shù)名詞，則謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
21．D。本題的變化點(diǎn)是集合名詞若作整體看待，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；若看作一個(gè)個(gè)成員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。
22．B。本題考查知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：由 a kind of，this kind of，many kinds of和“名詞+ of this kind”等以及由與kind意義相似的 type，sort等構(gòu)成的類(lèi)似短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與of前的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。
23．A。本題考查知識(shí)點(diǎn)是不定式做主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)。句子結(jié)構(gòu)是“疑問(wèn)詞+to do and+疑問(wèn)詞+to do”，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式。但如果兩個(gè)疑問(wèn)詞加不定式在句中作主語(yǔ)表示一件事的兩個(gè)側(cè)面，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
24．A。謂語(yǔ)就近一致。
25．A。名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。
26．C。定冠詞置于形容詞或分詞前表示“一類(lèi)人”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
27．A。主語(yǔ)從句后動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
28．D。means單復(fù)數(shù)同形，every means意為“每種方法”，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
29．C。“many a + 單數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。
30．A。句中的主語(yǔ)是e-mail，不包括as well as telephones。
31．A。此句中的第二個(gè)as引導(dǎo)一個(gè)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中作表語(yǔ)。先行詞creature被as修飾，所以定語(yǔ)從句要用as引導(dǎo)。因定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)名詞all other animals，所以謂語(yǔ)用are。全句意思：盡管螞蟻很小，但它和地球所有其它動(dòng)物一樣都是生物。as much ... as ... 意為“與……一樣多的……”、“與……同樣”。又如：He has as much interest in politics as in history.他對(duì)政治與歷史同樣感興趣。 She spent twice as much money on clothing as I do. 她花在衣服上的錢(qián)是我花的兩倍。
32．A。這里由引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞elements，所以定語(yǔ)從句中的that代替的復(fù)數(shù)意義的名詞，其謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式；這里談到的是現(xiàn)實(shí)存在的事實(shí)，排除B項(xiàng)。
33．D。everybody是主語(yǔ)。
34．A。plenty of前不應(yīng)有a，many a 接“單數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞”，quite a little后不能修飾people。
35．A。句中主語(yǔ)是an iron and steel works“一家鋼鐵廠”，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用單數(shù)。
36．D。如果and連接的兩個(gè)同是指同一個(gè)人、同一事物或同一概念，謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)。
37．B。a large quantity of后面跟的是不可數(shù)名詞desert，而且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是has。
38．B。the education system是主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)；the desired results意為“期望的結(jié)果”。
39．B。以s結(jié)尾的書(shū)刊名、國(guó)名、組織名作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)仍用單數(shù)。
40．A。單個(gè)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
41．A。each作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，作同位語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
42．D。主語(yǔ)部分含有including，with, together with, rather than, as well as, except等短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)都應(yīng)與前邊的主語(yǔ)保持一致。
43．A。family，team，government等名詞側(cè)重表示整體概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)；指成員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)。
44．B。“l(fā)arge quantities of +名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)；a large quantities of + 名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由所修飾的名詞來(lái)定。ship此處意為“用船或飛機(jī)運(yùn)輸”。
45．C。each ... and each ...，every ... and every..., no ... no ...,等結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。