Unit 3, Module 9
Period I Word study
1. tolerate vt.容忍，忍耐，忍受
tolerance n. 寬容，忍耐，忍耐力
tolerant a. 寬容的，寬大的（【of/to名】對(duì)人的意見(jiàn)、行動(dòng)等）：
e.g. You should be more tolerant of other people’s weaknesses.
你對(duì)他人的缺點(diǎn)該寬容些。
tolerantly adv.
She didn’t tolerate his selfishness.
2. oppose v. 有“反對(duì)；對(duì)抗；反抗”、“以……對(duì)抗”、“使對(duì)立/對(duì)照”等含義。
夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)： 主要用于以下句式：
1）oppose+名詞/代詞。
I’ll not oppose you.我不反對(duì)你。
We’ll oppose force with force.我們反對(duì)以暴力對(duì)抗暴力。
2）oppose+動(dòng)名詞
We oppose copying everything foreign.我們反對(duì)樣樣照抄外國(guó)的。
相關(guān)鏈接：oppose object resist 都含“反對(duì)”的意思
oppose 為常用詞, 指“對(duì)某人、某事采取積極行動(dòng)來(lái)反對(duì)”, 著重動(dòng)作,尤指“反對(duì)一種觀(guān)念、思想、計(jì)劃等”
The father opposed to his son’s marriage.父親反對(duì)兒子的婚事。
object 常指“用言論或論據(jù)等表示反對(duì)”, 著重“個(gè)人嫌厭”和“(由于與個(gè)人有關(guān)因此)提出反對(duì)意見(jiàn)”
I objected to his plan.我反對(duì)他的計(jì)劃。
resist 指“積極地反抗、對(duì)抗”、“用武力阻止...的前進(jìn)”, resist the enemy抵抗敵人。
備考必備：
1).Oppose +名+. to/against+名….如：
He considered the matter, opposing its merits against /to its demerits.
他考慮了那件事，將其優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)加以比較。
The soldier opposed his arm to the blow of the enemy soldier.那位士兵用手臂擋住敵兵的打擊。
2).be opposed to…反對(duì)
I’m much opposed to your going abroad.我非常反對(duì)你出國(guó)。
He had been violently opposed to this plan at first.起初他強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。
3. betray v.
① 背叛，負(fù)某人所托；出賣(mài)（國(guó)家、朋友）給。。。
betray ….to…..
He betrayed his country to an enemy.
② (把要隱瞞的事)無(wú)意中透露出來(lái)，顯示
The expression on his face betrays his anger.= The expression on his face betrays that he is angry.
4. value
夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)：1）n. value用處，用途 ；價(jià)值
What is the value of your house? 你的房子值多少錢(qián)？
Your help has been of great value.
2）vt. 估價(jià),定價(jià); 尊重；珍視
He valued the ring at $80. 他估計(jì)這枚戒指值80美元。
I value your advice. 我尊重你的勸告。
相關(guān)鏈接：
1) valueless a. 無(wú)價(jià)值的,不值錢(qián)的,不足道的，相當(dāng)于worthless
2) value / price
東西的“價(jià)值”（ value）指它“值”（ be worth） 多少錢(qián)；東西的“價(jià)錢(qián)”（ price） 指買(mǎi)者“花費(fèi)”（ cost）多少
備考必備： 1) be of +名詞=be +名詞同源的形容詞形式,常用的名詞有use/importance/help/value/interest/quality/service/benefit/necessity等。說(shuō)明被修飾詞具有某種特征或?qū)傩浴?/p>
I don’t want to hear what you are saying. It is of no interest to me. 我不想聽(tīng)你說(shuō),我對(duì)此不感興趣。(of no interest=not interesting)
Doing morning exercises will be of benefit to your health. 做早操對(duì)你的健康有利。
Coal is of great importance to the development of industry. 煤對(duì)工業(yè)發(fā)展是相當(dāng)重要的。(of great importance=very important)
2). “(be)+of +名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞表種類(lèi)、數(shù)量、度量等時(shí),表示不同的人或物的共同特征,此時(shí)名詞前通常帶有冠詞。常用的名詞有size/kind/type/price/height/depth/width/length/weight/age/shape/colour等。如:
Machines are of different types and sizes.機(jī)器有不同的型號(hào)和規(guī)格。
3). “(be)+of+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示主語(yǔ)的根源關(guān)系,此時(shí)的名詞多是表示親屬、血統(tǒng)、種族、國(guó)籍及出處的名詞,常用的名詞有family/blood/race/origin等。如:
We are of the same blood. 我們是同一家族。
They are of noble race. 他們出身名門(mén)。
5．unfairly ad.公平地,
夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)：. I do think I was treated unfairly . 我的確認(rèn)為我遭到了不公平的待遇
相關(guān)鏈接：
1) fairly公平地,相當(dāng); ad. 相當(dāng)?shù)?/p>
It’s a fairly good book 這是一本相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)的書(shū)。
I felt I hadn’t been treated fairly. 我覺(jué)得我沒(méi)有受到公正的對(duì)待。
Her suggestion fairly took me by surprise. 她的建議真叫我大吃一驚.
I fairly jumped for joy. 我簡(jiǎn)直高興得跳了起來(lái).
2 ) fairly / rather
前者通常用于令人愉快的場(chǎng)合， rather 則表示令人不十分愉快的場(chǎng)合
The car is fairly large for the four of us. 這輛車(chē)我們四個(gè)人勉強(qiáng)坐得開(kāi)。
To make matters worse, the room is rather small.
使得事情更糟糕的是，這個(gè)房子相當(dāng)小（房子太小，不太合適）
備考必備：This book is rather too difficult for children.這本書(shū)讓孩子們讀太難了。
fairly 不能和too連用，而rather可以。
6. conclusion n.終結(jié)， 結(jié)局 結(jié)論； 決定； 推斷 締結(jié)； 議定
夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)：All the evidence pointed to the conclusion that he was guilty.所有的證據(jù)表明他是有罪的。
備考必備：arrive at a conclusion 得出結(jié)論， 告一段落
come to a conclusion 得出結(jié)論， 告一段落
draw a conclusion 得出結(jié)論， 告一段落
reach a conclusion 得出結(jié)論， 告一段落
at the conclusion of 當(dāng)...完結(jié)時(shí)
bring to a conclusion 使結(jié)束； 談定（買(mǎi)賣(mài)等）
come to the conclusion that...所得結(jié)論是..., 斷定
in conclusion 最后， 總之（表明即將結(jié)束談話(huà)的內(nèi)容）
7．equality n. 同等，平等，相等
夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)：All three children have equality in our family.三個(gè)小孩在我們家都是平等的。
equality between the sexes 男女平等
相關(guān)鏈接：
1）equal adj. 相等的，平等的
She feels equal to the task. 她認(rèn)為能勝任該項(xiàng)工作。
Everyone should enjoy equal rights.每個(gè)人都應(yīng)當(dāng)享有平等的權(quán)利。
Women demand equal pay for equal work. 婦女要求同工同酬。
2）v. 等于
Two and five equals seven. 二加五等于七。
備考必備：
把某物分成均等的幾份，只能用equal，不能用same。
他把蘋(píng)果分成四等份。
（誤）He divided the apple into four same parts.
（正）He divided the apple into four equal parts.
3)重要詞組
be equal to sth.等于，與……相等，勝任……
One li is equal to half a kilometer.一華里等于半公里。
It is equal to me whether he comes or not.他來(lái)不來(lái)對(duì)我都一樣。
He is equal to this task.他能勝任這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。
be equal to doing sth. 能勝任……
He is equal to doing this task.他能勝任這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。
8. strengthen
夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)：
1)加強(qiáng)；增強(qiáng)
Our enemy has greatly strengthened during the truce talks. 和談期間，敵人力量已大為增強(qiáng)。
2)變強(qiáng)
The fence was strengthened with wire. 這堵圍欄用金屬絲加固了。
相關(guān)鏈接：
1)energy, strength, power
energy為“精力，活力，能量”，指人或動(dòng)物所積蓄的內(nèi)在或釋放的活力，也指物理學(xué)上的能量。
He has so much energy that he can work as hard as three men. （energy指精力）
The successful carrying out of the work is due to his youth and energy. （energy指活力）
The energy of the sun has been widely used now. （energy指能量）
strength為“力氣，力量”發(fā)揮的內(nèi)在素質(zhì)與體質(zhì)，也可指物理學(xué)上的強(qiáng)度。
All the passengers pushed the bus with all their strength, but it refused to move. (strength指力氣）
As the saying goes, “Unity is strength”, let us work hard together to overcome the difficulties. （strength指強(qiáng)度。）
power為“力，力量，能力，權(quán)力”。 它是力的總稱(chēng)，指各種力，如電力，動(dòng)力或某事物的能力。它也可指人所具有的力量，能力，權(quán)力及勢(shì)力等。當(dāng)指人所具有的力氣時(shí)，它與strength同義。
A football player needs power/strength to run with the ball. （power指體力。）
I'll do everything in my power to help that old lady. （power指能力。）
Electricity gives us power and makes machines work. （power指電力。）
備考必備：in （great）strength 大批的，批量的
Go from strength to strength 不斷取得成功，日益狀大
9．elect 選舉
She was elected to a new leading position.她被推選到一新的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)崗位上。
相關(guān)鏈接：
select, elect
這兩個(gè)詞都有“選”的意思，但其含義和用法有異。
1) select指在廣泛的范圍中進(jìn)行有斟酌的“精選”，淘汰的意味較重，其后須跟名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)。
Most of the delegates to the conference are selected from advanced workers.
出席大會(huì)的大多數(shù)代表是從先進(jìn)工作者中挑選出來(lái)的。
It is difficult to select good materials for middle school students to read.
為中學(xué)生選出閱讀的好材料是困難的。
2) elect是通過(guò)正式手續(xù)或投票形式的“選舉”，其后須跟人或職稱(chēng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，亦可跟名詞+名詞，名詞+as短語(yǔ)，名詞+不定式短語(yǔ)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。
They elected him to take part in the competition.他們選他參加競(jìng)賽。
備考必備：
1) 在“elect sb. +職務(wù)”句式中，表示獨(dú)一無(wú)二等職位前不用冠詞； We elected him monitor.我們選他為班長(zhǎng)。
They elected Jimmy Carter (as) President.他們選吉米卡總統(tǒng)。
相似的動(dòng)詞還有：call, name, make, appoint, keep, think , consider, find, leave等
2） 作出選擇；決定 ; 與to 連用
He elected to become a doctor. 他決定當(dāng)醫(yī)生。
She elected to return to work after her baby was born..她決定孩子出生后再去做工作。
10.date back to 從...時(shí)就有, 回溯到, 遠(yuǎn)在...(年代) ;多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)：It is said that the custom can date back to the 18th century.
據(jù)說(shuō)這種習(xí)俗可以追溯到18世紀(jì)。
相關(guān)鏈接：date back to = date from
date back to可追溯到; date from從某時(shí)期開(kāi)始(有)
語(yǔ)感稍有不同，前者和現(xiàn)在也有聯(lián)系，而后者沒(méi)有表明是否與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)。
This kind of music dates from the 18th century. 這種音樂(lè)可追溯到18世紀(jì)。
備考必備：
out of date 過(guò)時(shí)的，陳舊的
to date 到目前為止
up to date 現(xiàn)代的；直到最近的
date back to 追溯到；從…開(kāi)始有
11.foolish愚蠢的
夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)： It’s foolish to idle away one’s precious time.把大好時(shí)光浪費(fèi)掉是愚蠢的。
a foolish person 愚蠢的人
How foolish I was not to have bought it. 我沒(méi)買(mǎi)下它真是太傻。
荒謬的,可笑的
He looked foolish in his red pants. 他穿著紅褲子看上去真可笑。
相關(guān)鏈接：
1） fool n. 傻瓜，笨蛋 .V. 愚弄
fool sb. out of 騙某人的東西
fool sb. into doing 哄騙某人做
2）foolish “蠢”,著重缺乏智慧或判斷力； silly “ 傻“，著重頭腦簡(jiǎn)單、不懂事，有單純、糊涂的意味； stupid“笨”，著重生理遲鈍，反應(yīng)遲鈍.
備考必備：
1) 句型：foolish of sb. to do sth…
It was very foolish of you to park the car near the bus stop.你真愚蠢,竟然把汽車(chē)停在公共汽車(chē)站附近。
12 .take place發(fā)生，舉行
夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)： Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years.
相關(guān)鏈接：
1) take the place of 代替，替代
2）take one’s place 代替某人，接替
3) take place , happen, occur, come about和break out用法區(qū)別
(1). take place 表示“發(fā)生、舉行、舉辦”，一般指非偶然性事件的“發(fā)生”，即這種事件的發(fā)生一定有某種原因或事先的安排，例如：
The Olympic Games of 2008 will take place in Beijing.
(2) happen作“發(fā)生、碰巧”解，一般用于偶然或突發(fā)性事件，例如：
What happened to you? (一般不說(shuō)：What did you happen?)
Maybe something unexpected happened.
I happened to see him on my way home.
= It happened that I saw him on my way home.
(3). occur作“發(fā)生、想到、突然想起”解，其意義相當(dāng)于happen，例如：
What has occurred? (=What has happened?)
A big earthquake occurred (=happened) in the south of China last month.
(4). come about表示“發(fā)生、產(chǎn)生”，多指事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生了，但還不知道為什么，常用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句，例如：
When Mother woke up, she didn’t know what had come about.
I’ll never understand how it came about that you were late three times a week.
Do you know how the air accident came about?
(5). break out意思為“發(fā)生、爆發(fā)”，常指戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、災(zāi)難、疾病或者爭(zhēng)吵等事件的發(fā)生，也可以表示突然大聲叫喊等，例如：
A fire broke out in the hospital in the mid-night.
After the flood, diseases broke out here and there.
備考必備：take place是不及物動(dòng)詞，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，此外要記憶以下常考的不及物動(dòng)詞： go, arrive, break out, take off, belong to等
13) calm 平靜的
夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)：
After the storm it became calm again.暴風(fēng)雨過(guò)后,天氣又恢復(fù)平靜無(wú)風(fēng)。
He was calm when I told him the bad news. 當(dāng)我告訴他這個(gè)壞消息時(shí)，他很平靜
相關(guān)鏈接：
calm vt, vi （常與down連用） 使安靜
It was difficult to calm down the football fans.要使足球迷們平靜下來(lái)是很困難的。
14）for instance
夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)：for instance用于句首還是句末都可以
You can’t rely on her. For instance, she arrived an hour late for an important meeting yesterday.她這個(gè)人靠不住。比如說(shuō)，昨天有個(gè)重要會(huì)議，她就晚來(lái)一個(gè)小時(shí)。
take his example for instance.
相關(guān)鏈接：for example, for instance 兩者基本相同，用哪一個(gè)由個(gè)人喜好而定。
備考必備：
1） instant n 片刻 in an instant = immediately
2) the instant : as soon as 一……就
The instant I saw him, I knew he was the man the police were looking for.我一 看到他，就認(rèn)出他就是警方正在找的人。
Welcome to the unit
Language point:
1． The tulip comes in many different colors and is the national flower of the Netherlands. (p33)
郁金香可以開(kāi)出各種顏色的花，它被荷蘭當(dāng)作國(guó)花。
1). come
verb [I]
to move or travel toward the speaker or with the speaker 走近、靠近
Are you coming over to my house tonight?
The man is coming to fix the dryer this afternoon.
He came rushing over when I fell.
Nobody has come forward yet with any information relating to the girl's death.
If something comes to your attention, you have seen it or learned about it:
It has come to my attention that several people have been arriving late for work.
coming 即將到來(lái)的
adjective
We look forward to even greater success in the coming year.
come常用短語(yǔ)及用法
come across to find (something or someone) by chance 偶然遇見(jiàn)，發(fā)現(xiàn)
He came across some old love letters
come up with to suggest or think of (an idea or plan) 提出
Reublinger came up with a great idea for the ad campaign.
come at to move quickly toward (someone) to attack them 襲擊
He came at me with a knife.
come by to obtain (something) 獲得，得到
A good boss is not so easy to come by.
I'd like to know how she came by that black eye.
come off (SUCCEED) to happen as planned or to succeed 取得成功
I thought the party came off really well.
come on (HURRY) to move or act quickly or more quickly 表示一種催促，鼓勵(lì)
Come on -- we're going to be late if you don't hurry!
You can also say come on to express annoyance or lack of belief: Oh, come on! You don't expect me to give up my bed for him?
come to (BECOME CONSCIOUS)
to become conscious again after an accident or medical operation 蘇醒過(guò)來(lái)
She sat by the child's bedside until he came to.
to reach (a particular point) 達(dá)到，提到
His hair comes down to his shoulders.
We haven't come to a decision on the matter yet.
If you come to terms with something, you learn to understand and accept it: 接受
He's trying to come to terms with his wife's death.
If something comes to light, it becomes known: 明了，變清晰
Fresh evidence has recently come to light.
If something comes to rest, it stops: 停止
The car hit the curb and came to rest in a ditch.
come true
If something you desire comes true, it happens: 實(shí)現(xiàn)
I'd always dreamed of owning my own home and now my dream has come true
How come 口語(yǔ)：怎么會(huì)的
How come you got invited and I didn't (= Why did that happen)?
相關(guān)高考試題：
1. Most of us know we should cut down on fat, but knowing such things isn’t much help when it _____ shopping and eating.
A. refers to B. speaks of C. focuses on D. comes to
2. It's already 10 o'clock I wonder how it _______ that she was two hours late on such a short trip.
A. came over B. came out C: came about D. came up
3. The dictionary is being printed and it will soon _______.
A. turn out B. come out C. start out D. go out
4. Please tell me how the accident ________. I am still in the dark.
A. came by B. came upon C. came to D. came about
5. If we can our present difficulties, then everything should be all right.
A. come across B. get over C. come over D. get off
6. ----It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home.
-----Oh, don’t mention it. I _____past your house anyway.
A. was coming B. will come C. had come D. have come
7. -Have you some new ideas?
-Yeah. I’ll tell you later.
A. come about B. come into C. come up with D. come out with
答案及解析：
1. D 當(dāng)談到……
2. C 發(fā)生
3. B 出版、發(fā)行
4. D 發(fā)生
5. B 克服
6. A 經(jīng)過(guò)
7. C 提出
Period Ⅱ Reading (Language points)
1. These are more than just colorful pieces of cloth and thread sewn together. (P34)
這些旗幟不僅僅是縫在一起的布和線(xiàn)。
1). More than
More than的用法總結(jié)
● A. “More than＋名詞”表示“多于……”、“非但……尤其是”如：
1) Modern science is more than a large amount of information.
2) Jason is more than a lecturer; he is a writer, too.
● B. “More than＋數(shù)詞”含“以上”或“不止”之意，如：
3) I have known David for more than 20 years.
● C. “More than＋形容詞”等于“很”或“非常”的意思，如：
4) In doing scientific experiments, one must be more than careful with the instruments.
5) I assure you I am more than glad to help you.
● D. “More...than...”
6) Catherine is more diligent than intelligent.
7) Hearing the loud noise, the boy was more surprised than frightened.
“more than”也在一些慣用語(yǔ)中出現(xiàn)，如：
8) More often than not （經(jīng)常），people tend to pay attention to what they can take rather than what they can give.
9) All of us are more than a little concerned about（非常關(guān)心）the current economic problems.
2). Sew verb [I/T]
to join together or attach (esp. pieces of cloth) by putting thread through it with a needle 縫補(bǔ)
She sewed her outfit by hand.
Would you sew on these buttons?
I had to sew up (= repair) a hole in my jeans.
3) pieces of cloth and thread sewn together
sewn: a past participle used as an attributive
Eg. a building built on the coast
相關(guān)高考試題：
1. The prize of the game show is $30000 and an all expenses ______ vacation to China.
A. paying B. paid C. to be paid D. being paid
2.Don't use words, expressions, or phrases_______ only to people with specific knowledge.
A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known
3. Prices of daily goods______ through a computer can be lower than store prices.
A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying
4. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ____ as 3M.
A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known
5. The disc, digitally ______ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.
A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded
6.We all know that, __________, the situation will get worse.
A. not if dealt carefully with B. if not carefully dealt with
C. if dealt not carefully with D. not if carefully dealt with
7. Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his ____ one.
A. better-known B. well-known C. best-known D. most-known
8. “Things _________ never come again!” I couldn’t help talking to myself.
A. lost B. losing C. to lose D. have lost
答案：1. B 2. D 3. B 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. A
2. Before the Revolution, there had been great unrest because people had not had freedom and had often been treated unfairly. (P34)
在大革命前，社會(huì)局勢(shì)極為不安，因?yàn)榉▏?guó)人民沒(méi)有自由而且常受到不公正待遇。
1). unrest disagreements or fighting between different groups of people; 動(dòng)蕩，騷亂
It is feared that the civil unrest we are now witnessing in this country could lead to full-scale civil war.
2). treat
verb [T usually + adverb or preposition]
to behave towards someone or deal with something in a particular way: 處理、對(duì)付
My parents treated us all the same when we were kids.
It's wrong to treat animals as if they had no feelings.
treatment n.處理方法
3. Red shows the bravery, revolution, strength and blood of the French, which were all needed to change the country. (P34)
紅色展示了法國(guó)人民的勇氣、革命（精神）、力量和鮮血，所有這些都是改造這個(gè)國(guó)家所必需的。
1). strength (EFFORT) noun
[U] the ability to do things that need a lot of physical or mental effort: 努力、盡力、力量
Admitting you've made a mistake is a sign of strength, not weakness.
strengthen
verb [I or T]
to make something stronger or more effective 使強(qiáng)壯、加強(qiáng)、鞏固
They have been strengthening their border defenses in preparation for war.
The organization's aim is to strengthen the cultural ties between Britain and Germany.
4. At that time, there were thirteen states, which is far fewer than the fifty that make up today’s USA. (P34) 當(dāng)時(shí)美國(guó)只有十三個(gè)州，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)少于今日的五十個(gè)州。
1). make up
to form a particular thing, amount or number as a whole: 組成
make常用短語(yǔ)及用法:
make for somewhere/sth (GO TOWARDS) phrasal verb
to go in the direction of a place or thing: 朝某方向走
They made for the centre of town.
make for sth (MAKE POSSIBLE) phrasal verb
to result in or make possible: 對(duì)……有幫助的
Having faster computers would make for a more efficient system
make allowances for 考慮到、體諒
You should make allowances for him - he's been quite ill recently.
"This is a poor piece of work." "Yes, but you should make allowances for the fact that she's only seven."
make ends meet
to have just enough money to pay for the things that you need使收支相平衡
make certain/sure 確保、務(wù)必
Make certain (that) we have enough drink for the party.
I think I locked the door but I'll go back and check just to make sure.
2). Comparative and superlative degree of adjective and adverbs
Comparative degree: expressing a greater degree or “more”, eg better, worse, slower, more difficult. Superlative: of adjectives or adverbs expressing the highest or a very high degree, eg best, slowest, and most difficult.
相關(guān)高考試題：
1. I wish you’d do ________ talking and some more work. Thus things will become better.
A. a bit less B. any less C. much more D. a little more
2.Of the two sisters, Betty is ________one, and she is also the one who loves to be quiet.
A. a younger B. a youngest
C. the younger D. the youngest
3.-Did you enjoy yourself at the party?
-Yes. I’ve never been to _______ one before.
A. a more excited B. the most excited C. a more exciting D. the most exciting
4. I used to earn _______ than a pound a week when I first started work.
A. less B. fewer C. a few D. little
5. After two years’ research, we now have a ____ better understanding of the disease.
A. very B. far C. fairly D. quite
6. The new group of students is better-behaved than the other group who stayed here ___.
A. early B. earlier C. earliest D. the earliest
7. The melon the Smiths served at dinner would have tasted ___ if it had been put in the fridge for a little while.
A. good B. better C. best D. well
答案：1. A 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. B 7. B
5． The colonists decided that their freedom was no longer optional and that their independence would not be won by being passive. (P35)
殖民地居民決議，他們必須爭(zhēng)取自由，而消極被動(dòng)無(wú)法贏得獨(dú)立。
1). Optional noun
[C or U] one thing which can be chosen from a set of possibilities, or the freedom to make a choice: 選擇
The best option would be to cancel the trip altogether.
There are various options open to someone who is willing to work hard.
[C] SPECIALIZED the right to buy something in the future: 選擇權(quán)
The publishers decided not to take up their option on the paperback version.
optional adjective 可供選擇的、可選擇的
English is compulsory for all students, but art and music are optional.
6. The thirteen stripes are to remind people of the original thirteen states that joined together to fight for independence form Britain. (P35)
十三道條紋是為了紀(jì)念為擺脫英國(guó)統(tǒng)治而聯(lián)合起來(lái)進(jìn)行獨(dú)立斗爭(zhēng)的最初十三個(gè)州。
1). are to remind people of ……
在英語(yǔ)里，“ be + to do ”結(jié)構(gòu)可用來(lái)表示將來(lái)時(shí)間，它的具體用法如下：
1. 表示“按計(jì)劃、安排（要做某事）”。例如：
We are to meet at the school gate. （我們將在校門(mén)口碰頭。）
They are to go travelling in August. （他們計(jì)劃八月份去旅游。）
2. 表示“命令”。例如：
You are to be back before five o’clock. （你須在 5 點(diǎn)鐘以前回來(lái)。）
The room is to be locked. （這個(gè)房間要上鎖。）
3. 表示“職責(zé)”。例如：
I am to inform you that the meeting will be held in Wuha（我謹(jǐn)通知你會(huì)議將在武漢召開(kāi)。）
He is to design a new machine. （他將設(shè)計(jì)一臺(tái)新機(jī)器。）
4. 表示“目的”。例如：
The prize was to honor him for his great discoveries. （這項(xiàng)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)是為了對(duì)他的重大發(fā)現(xiàn)而表示的敬意。）
5. 表示“用途”。例如：
A pen is to write with. （鋼筆是用來(lái)寫(xiě)字的。）
6. 表示“命中注定”。例如：
They were never to meet again. （他們注定以后永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)再見(jiàn)面了。）
7. 表示“應(yīng)該做（某事）”。例如：
What are we to do next？ （我們下一步應(yīng)該怎么辦？）
What is to be done when something gets into your eyes？（如果你眼睛里進(jìn)了東西，該怎么辦？）
8. 表示“可能性”。例如：
It’s eleven o’clock now. He is to get to Mike’s house. （現(xiàn)在 11 點(diǎn)了，可能他已經(jīng)到達(dá)邁克的家了。）
Let’s see who is to win the game. （讓我們看看誰(shuí)會(huì)贏得這場(chǎng)比賽。）
9. 表示“征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)”。例如：
Am I to go on with the work？ （這項(xiàng)工作我是不是接著干下去？）
When are they to hand in their plan？（他們的計(jì)劃什么時(shí)候交上來(lái)？）
相關(guān)高考試題：
The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ______ it more difficult.
A. not make B. not to make
C. not making D. do not make
7. The flag, which could not be further simplified, is red band over a white one, and is based on a national flag dating back to the 13th century. (P35)
這面國(guó)旗簡(jiǎn)單至極，上半部分是紅色的帶子，下半部分是白色的帶子。它是以十三世紀(jì)的九道紅白條的國(guó)旗為基礎(chǔ)的。
1). date back to have existed a particular length of time or since a particular time:追溯到……時(shí)間
This tradition dates back to medieval times
2). base sth on sth
If you base something on facts or ideas, you use those facts or ideas to develop it: 以……基礎(chǔ)
The film is based on a short story by Thomas Mann.
3). a national flag dating back to the 13th century
Here in this sentence, ing-form is used as an attributive;
相關(guān)高考試題：
1.The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _____ the desert.
A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to cover
2.Don’t respond to any e-mails _______ personal information, no matter how official they look.
A. searching B. asking C. requesting D. questioning
3. I was told that there were about 50 foreign students _____ Chinese in the school, most _____ were from Germany.
A. study; of whom B. study; of them
C. studying; of them D. studying; of whom
4.I smell something __________ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute?
A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt
答案：1. A 2. C 3. D 4. A
9. It can also symbolize the fire that comes from Indonesia’s volcanoes, or the fact that the equator goes through the country. (P35)
它還可以解釋為是印度尼西亞火山噴發(fā)出的火焰，或者是通過(guò)國(guó)家的赤道。
1) go through
the equator goes through the country 通過(guò)、穿過(guò)
go常用短語(yǔ)及用法
go against sth/sb to oppose or disagree with something or someone: 反對(duì)
Public opinion is going against the government on this issue.
go ahead to start to do something: 開(kāi)始做、繼續(xù)
I got so fed up with waiting for him to do it that I just went ahead and did it myself.
2 INFORMAL said to someone in order to give them permission to start to do something:
"Could I ask you a rather personal question?" "Sure, go ahead."
go for sth (LIKE) to like or admire: 喜歡
What sort of men do you go for (= are you attracted to)?
go in for sth (ENJOY) to do something regularly, or to enjoy something: 愛(ài)好
I've never really gone in for classical music, but I love jazz.
go over sth (EXAMINE) to examine or look at something in a careful or detailed way: 檢查、復(fù)習(xí)
I've gone over the problem several times, but I can't think of a solution.
go through sth (EXPERIENCE) to experience a difficult or unpleasant situation: 經(jīng)歷、體驗(yàn)
I've been going through a bad patch recently.
go without (sthto not have something or to manage to live despite not having something: 將就著過(guò)
If you don't want fish for dinner, then you'll just have to go without!
I'd rather go without food than work for him.
go wrong to make a mistake: 出問(wèn)題
These shelves are very easy to put together - you can't go wrong.
相關(guān)高考試題：
1．The traffic lights ______ green and I pulled away.
A. came B. grew C. got D. went
2. -- Didn't you have a good time at the party?
-- Of course I did. As a matter of fact, I had such fun that time seemed to _______ so quickly.
A. go by B. go away C. go out D. go over
3. Would you please ______ this form for me to see if I've fired it in right?
A. take off B. look after C. give up D. go over
答案：1. D 2. A 3. D
詞組匯集
1. 獨(dú)立國(guó)家 an independent country
2. 獨(dú)特身份 a unique identity
3. 死于饑餓 die of starvation
4. 根本性變化 fundamental changes
5. 形象提示 a visual reminder
6. 清除社會(huì)不平等rid society of inequality
7. 用…替換 substitute … with
8. 構(gòu)成 make up
9. 對(duì)…不滿(mǎn) be unhappy with
10. 有發(fā)言權(quán) have a say
11. 追溯到 date back to
12. 與…有聯(lián)系 have a link with
13. 褒義 a positive meaning
14. 貶義 a negative meaning
15. 與…相聯(lián)系 be associated with
16. 黃絲帶 yellow ribbons
17. 盈利 make a profit
18 隨意做某事 be arbitrary about