牛津英語模塊一復習
1. 表情感的動詞分詞形式變來的形容詞的用法
~ed: “感到…的”， 一般指人(bored/tired/puzzled/frightened/scared/astonished/moved)
~ing: “令人…的”,一般指物或事(boring/tiring/puzzling/frightening/ astonishing/touching)
（1）It is ________(frighten) to see the terrible accident happen.
（2） I have never spent a more __________(worry) day.
（3）The _____(puzzle) look on her face suggested that she hadn’t understood the ______ question.
2. at ease: 安逸,自在 with ease=easily uneasy: 心神不安的, 不自在的
3．be used to do sth：被用來做… be/get used to sth / doing sth:習慣于做…
used to do sth: （過去）常常做… There used to be…(以前有…)
3． Pay attention to doing sth (to為介詞) Look forward to doing sth
4. do用來加強語氣“的確/確實”, 有時態變化，其后接動詞原形。
I do like eating dessert after meals. Tom did enter the bank last night.
5. “一…就…”的表達
(1) on/upon sth/doing sth Upon finishing his studies , he started to work in a company.
On his arrival at London, he came to see me.
(2) the moment/second/minute+從句 I’ll tell them the good news the moment I see them.
(3) immediately+從句 I heard the phone ring immediately I opened the door.
6．狀語從句中的“主語+be” 的省略
情況一：主從句主一語一致時 When/while doing sth:在做…的同時
Even if invited, I won’t go to her party.(=even if I am invited)
If disturbed by noises, the animals will act strangely.（=if the animals are disturbed…）
情況二：if/when (it is)possible/necessary; if (it is) so/not
You should look the new words up in the dictionary when necessary.
7．下列詞用作系動詞的用法
注意：系動詞一般接形容詞不接副詞， 不接賓語，無被動，無進行時
He remains weak in English
stay slim/young/ fresh/cold/clean/healthy
go missing/unpunished/hungry/mad/wild/bad/wrong/red/pale
His idea proved (to be) impractical.
8． get+ done: 可看作一種被動語態get done/finished/turned upside down/dressed/changed/married
9． marry sb: 嫁給/娶某人（短暫動作） get married:成婚（短暫動作）
be married to sb:與某人結婚（延續狀態）
10． “提供” 的表達 比較： Supply sth to sb / provide sth for sb;
Supply/provide sb with sth
Offer sb sth=offer sth to sb:主動提出（幫助/建議等）
11．as if/though+從句: “好象” (根據情況選用陳述語氣或虛擬語氣)
Even if/though+從句： “既使”
12． “可是/然而”的表達: but:并列連詞，只能放在分句之前，無“，”
however:副詞，位置靈活，其后有“，”
though: 一般置于句末時，才用作此意. The film is moving. It is a little long, though.
while:側重表“對比” She was busy preparing supper, while her husband was watching TV.
13．manage to do sth:設法做了某事(強調結果) = succeed in doing sth
try to do sth:盡力做某事 try doing sth:試著/圖做某事
15． 注意下列名詞一般只用作不可數名詞
Fun: Fishing is great fun. It sounds fun.
Advice: He gave me lots of useful advice on how to learn English well.
A great deal of information
He has made such great progress that we all envy him.
2 pieces of evidence, 3 pieces of equipment
16. clothes: 一般看作復數(an article of clothes ) Cloth:布匹
Clothing: “著裝”的總稱an article of clothing Clothing and food are our daily necessities.
17．“參加/加入”的表達
Attend a meeting/a lecture/school/classes(開會/上學/聽講座)
Take part in the Olympics/after-school activities(參加一些大型的正式的活動)
Join in our talk/discussion(參加一些日常的活動)
Join sb in sth/doing sth:加入某人一起活動
Join sb/ a club/the army/a group(參加組織/團體)
18．“因為/由于”的表達
Because/since/as/now that/for+分句
Because 最正式， 可回答“why…?”
as: “由于”，表示一種“客觀”原因 語氣較because 弱
Since/now (that): “即然”，表示一種“雙方皆知的/理所當然的”原因
Now that you have finished your work, let’s go out to play football.
For: 表示“補充/推斷”的原因，一般放在主句之后
They can’t have gone, for the light is still on
Because of/owing to/due to/thanks to+詞/組
20．With sb/sth doing sth(在做) / to do(要做) / done(已被)
There be sb/sth doing/to do /done(同上)
21. hear/see/find( 感官動詞) sb/sth doing sth(正在做) / do sth(做了) / done(被)
被動式：be heard/seen doing sth / to do sth（被動需加“to”） / done
The missing boy was last seen playing by the river.
Tom was heard to open the door and enter the room.
The boy was seen bitten by a dog.
22. (1) have sb do sth = let sb do sth 比較： get sb to do sth
Who would you rather have post the letter for you?
(2) have sb/sth doing sth:聽任/任由某人/物…; 聽任某人/物長時間地…
We won’t have that happening again.
The workers have the machines running day and night.
(3) Have sth done: 讓某事/物被… get sth done
The machine that they had had repaired went wrong again.
The people living by the airport often have their hearing harmed.
23. leave/keep sb/sth doing sth（主動） / done（被動）
I’m terribly sorry to leave you standing outside so long.
They went out to playing leaving the work unfinished.
Leave sb/sth+介短: “把…忘在…” I’m sorry that I have forgotten your book in the park.
25. earn money/a living, earn sb sth （His success earned him great respect from others）
27. prepare lessons/supper(備課/燒飯) prepare for the coming exam prepare sb for sth
be (well/poorly) prepared for sth: 為…作好了準備
make preparations for sth=prepare for sth， in preparation for…為...準備
28．develop an interest in; develop a good habit (培養/養成)
29．regret to do sth:遺憾要做某事; regret doing sth:后悔做了某事
30. inform sb of sth→be informed of sth; inform sb that +從句
32. require sb to do sth→be required to do sth; require that…(should) do sth
require sth of sb We did all that was required of us.
33．act in a play/film; act the part of Zhou Enlai ; act as:作為/充當
34. be in charge of…/take charge of…：負責…; be in the charge of…:由…負責
Charge (sb) money for sth/doing sth（收費）; free of charge=for free
35. bring…under control，lose control of…
比較：be in control of…:控制… ; be in the control of…:由…控制
36. the reason for sth/doing sth the cause of…: …的起因
The reason why+從句 is that…從句 For the following reasons / no reason;
37.下列情感動詞用作及物動詞（please/interest/excite/puzzle/astonish/surprise sb）
It is impossible to please everybody. What she said interested us greatly.
38．Close/deep/wide/high: 用作副詞時，指具體的“近/深/寬/高”
get close to, dive deep into the sea, open his eye wide, fly high in the sky
closely(嚴密地/細致地)，deeply(深深地)， widely(廣泛地), highly(高度地): 指抽象的…
watch closely，deeply moved by his words, widely used, think highly of
39. explain sth to sb; explain to sb sth
40. insist on doing sth; insist that…(should)do: 堅決要求…, insist that從句（一般用法）:堅持認為
41. 比較：suggest（暗示/表明）+that 從句（一般用法，陳述語氣)
suggest(建議) that…(should) do sth suggest sb/one’s doing sth
advise that …(should) do sth advise sb to do sth；
42．give sb some advice（不可數）on…; ask (sb) for advice; take/follow one’s advice
make some suggestions（可數）
44. contain: 包含/容納（側重于指內容/成分）
Include: 包括（側重于指整體與個體） 作狀語：including sb/sth = sb/sth included
45. work(v):行得通，有作用/效果 Your idea won't work in practice.
46．protect…from/against sth/doing sth: 保護…免受…
prevent …from sth/doing sth: 預防/阻止…做
stop…(from)doing sth / keep sb from doing sth
47．forbid sb to do sth / forbid sb from doing sth:禁止某人做某事
forbid doing sth
48. 考慮： consider doing sth
認為： consider sb to do sth→be considered to do sth ；consider sb/sth (to be/as)…
49．take a risk; risk one’s life，risk doing sth
50. recognize sb/sth:辨認出(~ her voice on the phone)
recognize sb as…:公認/認可某人…→be recognized as…
51．接不可數名詞：a great/good deal of; a good amount of
接可數復數： a large number of, a great many
皆可： a lot of=lots of; plenty of
52. search sb/sp:搜查/身，search for…:尋找 (search sb/sp for…)；in search of: (為了)尋找
53. research into…:探討/調查 do some research on
54. There is a/no possibility that…從句 / of sth
55. case :案子/病例 The case against her will be heard tomorrow. 3 cases of SARS
case:情況 in that/this case:在那/這種情況下 比較： in case +從句; in case of sth
56. state:州；國家（側重于指政府） state:狀態/況 in a state of disorder
State (v) one’s opinion on…: 陳述對于…的觀點
57. in support of…:支持 He has a large family to support(v. 贍養/養活)
58. envy sb sth：羨慕/妒嫉 I don't envy you your journey in this bad weather.
envy(n) : 羨慕/忌妒的根由/對象 He has become an envy of all his friends.
59. reach sp:抵達某地 reach for…:伸手去拿/夠… within/out of /beyond one’s reach
60．Claim to do sth:宣稱要做… claim against damage=make a claim for damage:要求賠負損失
61. in the form of..:以…的形式 form（vt）a group/ the good habit of… （組建，養成）
62. set sail for sp; leave for sp; set off for sp
63. be present at a meeting/a party：出席/參加 the people present:在場的人
64. result in:導致/引起（=cause/lead to） result from:由…造成/引起
As a result: 因此 as a result of:因為…
65. “確定的” It is certain that…. Sb is sure/certain that…（sure只能指人）
66．把…與…相比: compare… with/to… 與…相比而言(作狀語): compared with…
把…比作…: compare…to…
67. have sth/nothing in common (with…):（與…）有/無共同之處
have sth/nothing to do with…: 與…有/無關
68. survive(vt) sth: 幸免于/經受住( The house survived the storm.)
69. pick:挑選 He picked a book to read. (=choose) pick out: 挑選出
Pick apples/tomatoes/cotton:采/摘 pick a pocket:扒竊
Pick up:撿起;(無意中)學到/得到/買到/染上; 增加/改善; 收聽
~a valuable stamp at a sale; ~ health/speed; ~ English programs
70. Prove(實義動詞) ： prove sb/sth/oneself (to be)…； prove sth/ that…從句
He proved himself worthy of confidence
Prove(系動詞,無被動): prove (to be)+adj/n The method proved (to be) highly effective.
71. live one’s dream/faith：（在生活中）實行/踐夢想/信念
live up to:真正做到/生活得無愧于 We will live up to what our parents expect of us.
72. host (vt)a program the Olympics:主持/主辦 host(n):主人/主持人/東道主
73．Be supposed to do sth=should do sth; be supposed to have done =should have done :“本應…”
They were supposed to have come an hour earlier, but they were late.
74．What… do with sth? How…deal with sth?
75. 比較：All the light went out. go out(vi) :熄滅
All the lights were turned off. turn off（vt）:關掉
76. work out(vt) the total cost(解決/算出) work out（vi）:鍛煉/結果 Things worked out very well.
rule out the possibility:排除 look into a room/ the cause of the accident：朝…看；調查
step up(vt) the training: 加緊/促進 show up=turn up:出現/露面
make up:組成/構成；編造,補償 ~ a medical team/50% of the population/ a story/for the lost time
77. after all:畢竟/終究 above all:首要的是 in all:總之/共 (not)…at all(根本)
78.count(v):數/算數count down(倒數/計時)； 有效/重要(Every minute counts)
80. as well as…:以及/包括 as well=too:用于句末
81. pay off(vi): 成功/得到好結果 pay off(vt) debt: 還清(債務)
Part Three: 語法重難點
一、 有關定語從句的一些要點
I. 只能用“that” 的情況
1． 先行詞為anything/everything/all/any/little等不定代詞時
注：有時all/everything/anything + that定語從句= what+名詞性從句（如賓語從句）
We’ll do all (that) we can to help you （= what we can）
The way he solved the problem was different from what we were used to.（=the way that we were used to）
2． 先行詞前有序數詞,最高級,all /any / the very / the right / the only修飾時
3． 先行詞既有人又有物時 We talked about the things and teachers that we all knew.
4．引導詞在從句中作表語時
My hometown is no longer a small village that it used to be.(that在從句中做表語)
5．避免重復時 Who is the person that you want to see.
II. 不能用that 的情況
1. 介詞之后 The prize for which he worked so hard was a new bicycle.
2. 非限制性定語從句中，“，”之后 Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.
III. whose的使用：既指人又指物，替代his, her, their, its及名詞所有格(如：Tom’s/the school’s)
The book, whose cover is broken, is not mine. (=the cover of which = of which the cover)
IV. 先行詞為表時間/地點/原因的名詞時，用where, when, why還是用that/which
若從句中被替代部分：作主語或賓語，用that/which;
作狀語, 用where/when/why (往往 =“介詞+which”)
1．My sister works in a beautiful city, _where_there are a lot of parks. (=in which)
2．The place_that/which_ interests the children most is Disneyland.(從句中作主語)
3．I often thought of my childhood, when I lived on a farm. (替代in my childhood)
4．Next winter,__which you’ll spend in Harbin, I’m sure, will be an exciting holiday.(作spend的賓語)
5．Mary had to go to Beijing on business on June15, which happened to be her son’s birthday.（作主語）
6．This is the very reason __that_ you all know. (作know的賓語)
V. as引導的定語從句， which指代一句話/一件事
1． the same/as/such/so…as(定語從句): 先行詞前有“such/ so, the same/as ”修飾時，定語從句用 “as”引導
★ 比較：such /so…+名詞＋as ( 定語從句, as起替代作用，從句結構不完整 “象／如…的…”)
such /so…+名詞＋that (狀語從句，從句結構完整 “如此…以致于…”)
Please lend me the same tool as was used the other day.
Mr. Wang is so good a teacher as all the students love and respect
Mr. Wang is such a good teacher that all the students love and respect him
2．as引導非限制性定語從句，指代逗號前后的整個句子，可置于句首、句中或句末。常出現在一些固定表達中。如：as we/all/you know, as is known to all, as we expected/planned, , as is mentioned/said above, as is reported/said, as is natural, as is often the case.有時可看作插入語。
★ as…: 位置靈活，可前可后；且含有“正如/正像…”的含義。
which…: 只能放于主句之后；含有“這…, 這一點…”的含義。
1) Tom, ___as__ had been expected , got beaten in the game
2) They call him “Meat Ball”, ____which______ I think is not correct.
VI． the way ( in which/ that)…: the way作先行詞時, 可用“in which” 或 “that”, 且一般可省略。
如: The way in which/(that) they were treated hurt their feelings.
VII．定語從句的主謂一致
引導詞在從句中做主語時，從句謂語動詞應與先行詞，即所修飾的名詞或代詞一致
Those who break the law are to be punished.
But there are few modern families that _have no televisions.
比較：He is one of the students who __were_ late for school.
He is the only one of the students who __was___late for school.
VIII、非限制性定語從句與并列句及其它修飾語的異同
★ 若兩個分句沒有其它任何連接詞，而由“，”相連接時，一般把后一個分句看作非限制性定語從句
(1) There is a supermarket near here, _where_ we can buy vegetables, fruit.(定語從句)
There are two thousand students in our school, two-thirds of _whom_ are girls.
There are ten books on the shelf, of which all are of great value.
(2) After an hour we got to the top of the mountain, and_ there we had a picnic.(并列句)
He asked ten students to attend the party , but none of _them_ was from his class.
(3) The bridge, made of stones (=which was made of stones), is said to date back to the Tang Dynasty.
The weight-loss pills containing harmful chemicals(=which contain…._) may damage your liver.
IX、注意定語從句與強調句型及其它從句的混用
1. It was in the hotel where they stayed(定語從句，修飾hotel) that the murder(謀殺) happened 2 years ago.
It was in the hotel… that the murder happened 2 years ago. (強調句型)
2. He left the key where he had been an hour before. (地點狀語從句，相當于in the place where)
This hotel is where we are to stay tonight.(表語從句，相當于the place where…)
X．間隔式定語從句: 一般說來，定語從句總是緊跟在先行詞之后。但有時定語從句和先行項之間被其它修飾成分間隔開來，這種定語從句稱為間隔式定語從句
1. The photo brought back the memory of an evening at Uncle Alien’s in Belleville ___ all of us were seated around the table and Aunt Pat served spaghetti for supper.
A. when B. where C. since D. after
2．First, areas of land must be found where this rubbish can be put.
3．Finally another material is painted on to the stones which will protect them from water for ever.
二、有關強調句型的幾個要點
I. 強調句型的基本結構：It is/was+被強調部分(詞/詞組/句子) + that/who +原句所剩部分
★:除強調人時，可用 “who”外, 其它情況都只能用“that”, 原句所剩部分不變，特別是謂語動詞不變
It was because he drove carelessly that he had the accident.
It is Tom and Peter who are responsible for the failure of the experiment.
★ not…until句型的強調結構： It was not until…that….
It was not until the dish died in the lake that people realized how serious pollution was.
II. 強調句型的一般與特殊疑問句形式：
一般疑問句：Is/Was it +被強調部分+ that …? Was it in the office that you found my book?
特殊疑問句：When/Where/What + is/was it + that…? --What was it that made Tom what he is today?
III. 注意比較強調句型與某些狀語從句。
比較： It was midnight when they arrived home.(狀語從句)
It was at midnight that they arrived home.(強調句型)
注：強調句型的一個特征是要“能夠還原” 原句為：They arrived home at midnight
三、有關反意疑問句的幾個要點
1． 陳述部分有few/none/nowhere/ never/hardly/seldom等否定詞，問句用肯定
She seldom tells a lie, does she?
2．否定詞綴un- / im- /in- /dis- 構成的詞仍視為肯定Your father is unhappy, isn’t he?
3．主從復合句的反意問句
（1）一般: 與主句一致 They all think that English is very important, don’t they?
（2）特殊：當陳述部分為“I/We (don’t) think/believe/ consider/ + that從句”時，與從句保持一致
I think that he has done his best, hasn’t he? We don’t believe that the news is true, is it?
4．祁使句的反意問句，一般用 “will you”, 表委婉請求或邀請時，可用“won’t you”
You feed the bird today, will you? Don’t make any noise, will you?
比較：Let us stop to rest, will you? Let’s go home together, shall we?
5．情態動詞表猜測的句子的反意問句，與其不表猜測時一樣
He might have left his pen in the classroom yesterday, didn’t he? (不表猜測時為He left his pen…，didn’t he?)
He must have waited for a long time, _hasn’t he_ ? (不表猜測時為He has waited for a long time, hasn’t he?)
6.He used to live in the country, didn’t / usedn’t he?
To do one good deed is easy for a person, isn't it? Where to hold the meeting has not been decided, has it?
There are two cakes on the plate, aren’t there?
You’d better finish your homework now, hadn’t you?
7. 反意問句或反詰句的答語都應遵循前后一致的原則, 其意義應看后半部分。
--It didn’t rain last night, did it? --Yes, it did, for the ground is wet.
--She never sleeps at class. --_Yes. Sometimes she does.
四、有關動詞時態的幾個要點
(一)、幾種常用時態的習慣用法
1． 一般現在時表示：
1)表示客觀真理（不受時態限制）
The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.
2) 現在或目前一般事實; 習慣性的動作或狀態, 常與(often/always)表頻率的詞連用。
All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School.
However busy I am, I write to my parents regularly.
3) 有計劃或有規律的事（如車/船/飛機等的時刻表）
The bus leaves at 8 a.m. every day. The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day.
2. 一般過去時表示
1) 過去的動作或狀態,常與具體的過去時間（(at one time, just now, 2 days ago) 連用
At one time he grew very interested in drawing pictures.
2) ★ 表示說話人原來沒有料到、想到或希望的事。如：
I thought the film would be interesting, but it isn’t. Why didn’t you / I think of that?’
I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before. I didn’t recognize him.
3)表示兩個緊接著發生的動作，常由(but/and/when/as soon as/immediately/the moment) 連接
The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her.
He bought a watch but lost it.
★ 過去習慣性動作的表達: used to do: 指過去經常，而現在不復存在的情況
would do: 僅表示過去常常怎么樣
I used to go to the cinema, but never get the time now.
When he was there, he would go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.
3． 現在完成時(has/have done; have/has been done)
1) 動作開始在過去，但對現在產生的影響（一般為短暫動詞），常與“already/almost/yet, ever/never, recently/lately, just”等連用
I haven’t heard anything from him yet. Have you ever read such an interesting book?
--Who has taken my dictionary? I can find it now. –Sorry it’s me. I forgot to tell you.
2) 過去開始的某一動作一直延續到現在，常與 “for… ,since…,so far等表示時間段的時間狀語連用，需用延續性動詞
We have had plenty of rain here since we parted last month.
改錯：He has left Shanghai for ten years.→He has been away from Shanghai for 10 years
I have married Jane for 4 years.→I have been married to Jane for 4 years.
3) 表示重復的動作，常與 “ twice/many times/before”等連用。
I have been there many times.
★: 一般過去時與現在完成時的區別：
①：現在完成時: 雖然動作開始在過去，但與現在有關系（強調的是對“現在”的影響和結果，或動作到現在還在繼續）,不與具體的過去時間連用。
一般過去時: 強調的是動作發生在“過去”，和現在無關系。
改錯: He has studied in that university for 4 years. Now he works in a company.（改為studied）
4． 過去完成時(had done; had been done)表示
1)某一過去時間或動作發生之前的動作，強調的是過去的過去，因而一定要有參照的過去時間, 常與“…before/by/by the time /by the end of ” 等時間狀語連用
The road was crowded with people. We hadn’t foreseen that before.
--The spy was found at last. –Where had he hidden himself?
By then his family hadn’t heard from him for 3 years.
The plane had already taken off by the time we arrived at the airport.
By the end of last month, 80% of the project had been finished
2) ★ 用had hoped / planned / meant / intended/ wanted /可表示“本想/打算…”
I had planned to finish it on time, but I had not enough time.
I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn't able to get away.
★：過去完成時與一般過去時：過去完成時，強調的是“過去的過去”；如出現同一主語連續幾個動作（“連謂”）形式則用一般過去時即可。
5. 將來完成時（will have done; will have been done）: 將來某一時間之前完成的動作
By the end of this month, we will have found a satisfactory solution to the problem.
The conference will have lasted a full week by the time it ends.
★ 比較：若by/by the time/by the end of +過去時間, 則主句用 “had done”
若by/by the time/by the end of + 將來時間，則主句用“will have done”
6. 現在完成進行時(have/has been doing):強調某一動作或狀態到現在一直在進行，并將繼續下去.
★ 比較： have been done: 已經被…(被動)
have been doing: 一直在…（主動）
如：she has been writing letters all the morning.（她整個早上一直在寫）
We haven’t been told what has happened. （我們還沒有被告知…）
7. 過去完成進行時（had been doing）：其用法與現在完成時一樣，只不過參照的是過去某一時間
I had been studying English for three years before I came to this school.
8. 幾種“將來”表達方法的區別
1）．be going to do: 側重于指“近期的打算、安排”，這種打算往往經過事先考慮
We are going to visit the Great Wall at weekends.
2) will /shall do : 側重于表“意愿”，表示未事先考慮過，即說話時臨時作出的決定。
“Will”有時可用在狀語從句中，表示“愿意”
If you will listen to me, I will give you some advice.
We advised him to give up smoking. But he wouldn’t listen to us.(不愿意)
3) be to do（be to be done）: 表示“計劃、打算”較正式; 或表示“吩咐/命令/禁止/義務”等
A meeting is to be held at 3:00 o’clock this afternoon.
You are to be back by 9 o’clock at the latest.
This trip was to change her life.
4） be about to do:“就要/正要”,不與具體的時間連用,常用于“be about to do when…”句型中
Be quick. Flight No. 302 is about to take off.
They were about to break into the jewelry shop when the police appeared.
5). Come/go/leave/arrive/stay/lose/win/die等詞的進行時表示“即將…”
This ship is sailing for Shanghai tomorrow.
It seems to me that our team is losing.
6) ★: 在時間、條件等狀語從句中，不能用將來時態表示將來，而要用現在時態（一般現在時、現在進行時、現在完成時）或過去時態表示。
I’ll call you as soon as I’ve done my work.
改錯：It won’t be long before man will land on the Mars.（改為lands）
Jane said he wouldn’t go home until he would finish his work tomorrow.( 改為finished)
We will give him the book the moment we will see him tomorrow.（改為see）
9. 現在進行時(am/is/are doing; am/is/are being done)
1) 現在某一刻或某一時段內正在進行的動作或延續的狀態
At present the students are preparing for the entrance exam.
Selecting a mobile phone is no easy task because technology is changing so rapidly.
Nowadays lots of species of plants are being destroyed.
★:現在進行時的動作特征是暫時性、情景性的，而一般現在時的動作為經常性/習慣性的。
–Is this raincoat yours? --No, mine is hanging behind the door.
I play ping-pong quite well. But I haven’t time to play since last year.
2) 進行時與“always, continually, constantly( 不斷地), forever”連用表示贊揚、不滿等情感
He is always making the same mistake.
At school he is constantly playing tricks on others.
10. 過去進行時 (was/were doing; was/were being done)
1) 過去某一刻正在發生的動作
--I wasn’t referring to you when I said someone was very lazy.
--Hey, look where you are going? --Oh, I’m sorry. I wasn’t noticing.
2) 過去某一時段內正在發生的動作或延續的狀態
--Has Sam finished his homework? --I don’t know. He was doing it this morning
Last year a dam was being built there, but I don’t know whether it has been finished.
11. 將來進行時（will be doing）
I will be waiting for you outside after school.
What will you be doing at 4 tomorrow afternoon.
(二)、一些固定的時態搭配及運用動詞時態要注意的幾個問題
1．在時間和條件等狀語從句中不要用將來時態，如
We’ll give him the book if he wants it. He decided to fight back if he was hit again.
I’ll call you as soon as I’ve finished my work.
2. 時態的一致（時態的呼應），若主句為過去時態，從句一般要與之協調； 客觀真理除外。
改錯：He said he has never seen such a beautiful bird before.（改為had）
We were afraid that you won’t be able to join us.(改為wouldn’t)
3. 需用完成時態的一些句型：
★ This (That, It) is (was) the first (second...) time +定語從句；
★ This (That, It) is (was) +形容詞最高級+ n +定語從句。
如果主句的謂語動詞是一般現在時，從句的謂語動詞通常用現在完成時；如果主句謂語動詞是一般過去時，從句謂語動詞通常用過去完成時
比較：1) It is the first time I’ve seen her
It was the second time that he had been to China.
2) This is one of the best books that I have ever read.
It was the most important tomb that had ever been found.
4. It is(has been) …since…(since從句一般用過去時)
It is (has been) 2 weeks since I came here.
She said it was five hours since she had finished her work.
5. Hardly had sb done sth when…(從句用一般過去時)： “一…就…”
No sooner had sb done sth than…(從句用一般過去時): “一…就…”
1）We had hardly got in the crops when it began to rain=Hardly had we got in the crops when ….
2）I had no sooner come into the room than the door was closed.=No sooner had I come into …
牛津英語模塊二復習
1）lost 遺失;不易找到
lost keys(定語)
the Lost and Found失物招領處
My pen is lost(表語)我的筆丟了。
Gone{=missing, 但gone只能做表語}
My watch is gone.(不能說 The gone key) 我的手表不見了
2）Police in America have stepped up their search for a fifteen-year-old boy who went missing
go missing 失蹤。 go 在這兒是系動詞
如:go(mad(發瘋)/wrong(出故障)/bad(變質)
People have shown great interest in his disappearance due to sightings of puzzling lights in the sky and reports of alien visits around the time（ of his disappearance）[大約在他失蹤的時間]
appear vi. appearance n. disappear vi disappearance n
3）due to 由于=owing to;because of
due to +n (pron) 在句中做狀語，不可置于句首；如要放在句首用owing to 或because of
He arrive late due to the storm.
He failed due to carelessness.
Owing to my bussy work,I don’t have much time to go to the club
due to 在句中還可做表語或定語
1、給予、應屬于
The first place is due to Milton.第一名屬于米爾頓。
The wage due to him will be paid tomorrow.他的工資明天發。
2、由于，由、、、造成，歸功于
His absence was due to the storm.他的缺席是由那場暴風雨造成的。
What are earthquakes due to?地震是什么造成的
4）put on
1.=turn on打開（燈、電器）on是副詞
Eg :He put on the radio.
I’ll put the light on.
2.穿上、戴上、檫（粉）
He put on her coat.
3.帶著某種神（表）情
He put on an air of innocence,but it did not deceive(欺騙) us.
4.上演、演出、展出
The senior class put on a dance
5.裝出，裝假
He put on a smile.他假裝出微笑。
6.增加;添上；提供
Put on speed(pressure)
Put on weight
Put on the extra buses during the rush hours
5）Milti-colouredlights
Milti是一種前綴“多”
Multi layer 多層的 ；miltimedia多媒體
Multinational 多國的 miltimodel多種方式的
6）rule out
1.排除、、、的可能性
I can not rule out the possibility of trouble.
2.使、、、不可能
Father’s death ruled out college for Jack.
3.不允許
The headmaster ruled out dances on school nights.
7）look into=research into/on 調查，研究
We look into this matter together.
I’ve been looking into that this afternoon.
He is researching into the reading problems of young school children.
8）take charge of(be in charge of) 負責、管理、照顧
I have to take charge of the department.
Can you take charge of the class?
in charge(of)
1.做表語
Who is in charge here.(這兒誰負責?)
2.做定語
The doctor in charge request him to put on his clothes (主治醫生)
9）frighten vt. 使驚恐
Don’t frighten us .不要嚇唬我們.
You frightened me with that sudden noise.你突然弄出這聲音嚇了我一跳.
We will not be frightened by the tiger.老虎是不能把我們嚇到的.
The robber frightened the lady into handing over her jewels.
frightened adj.(試與frightening比較) 受驚嚇的;害怕的
What made them so frightened?什么使他們這么恐慌.
Tiger is very frightening.(老虎是很嚇人的)
Why are you so frightened of dogs?你干嗎這么怕狗?
He was frightened at the sight.看到這場面他很害怕.
She threw us a quick frightened glance.她急速驚恐地看了我們一眼
puzzle .vt. puzzling adj,令人迷惑的. puzzled. adj.使人困惑的
The situation in that country is more puzzling than ever.
那個國家的局勢更加使人捉摸不定。
The other day ,the maths teacher asked us to do a really puzzling problem.
前兩天，數學老師要我們解一個非常難以解答的問題。
We are all puzzled by the puzzling prblem
puzzled adj. 感到迷惑不解的
Judging from his puzzled expression, I realized he knew nothing about the accident.
從他迷惑不解的表情判斷，我意識到他對事故一無所知。
His mother felt puzzled at his strange behavior.
他母親對他奇怪的舉止感到納悶
10）puzzle vt 迷惑某人；使、、、為難
What the litter girl had done puzzled her mother.
小女孩的行為使她母親迷惑不解。
No maths prblems can puzzle him. 沒有數學問題可以難倒他
11）convince vt. 使信服；說服（后接名詞、代詞、或從句）
Nobody could convince him.誰也沒能說服他。
A visit to the experimental field convinced the other villagers.
看了看試驗田，其老鄉也都信服了.
All this convinced me that he was innocent
這些都使我相信他是清白無辜的
convince vt.說服；使相信
But we failed to convince him of his mistake.
但我們沒能使他相信他是錯的。
What convinced you of this.什么使你相信這一點的呢。
注：convince+n./pron.+of…(使某人相信某事)
convincing .adj . 有說服力的;令人信服的
That’s a convincing argument.這是一個有說服力的論點。
His analyses were always so convincing.他的分析是那么令人信服。
The more he said ,the less convincing he was.他越說越使人不相信
convinced 形容詞
被確信的；堅信不移的；被說服的
Xiao Li didn’t look convinced.小李看起來沒被說服。
I’m convinced that what you said is quite right.我相信你說的是對的。
We are cconvinced by the convincing fact.我們完全被確鑿的事實說服了
12）rate 評估、估計、認為
He was rated one of the richest men in town.他被認為是鎮上最有錢的人。
How do you rate our team’s chance of winning.你如何評估我們隊取勝的機會。
He was generally rated highly as a poet.作為一個詩人，他受到了普遍的高度評價。
13）ensure保證、保證有(vt)
I tried to ensure that everybody understand the instructions
我努力保證每個人都明白這些指令。
I can’t ensure that he will be there in time.我不能保證他及時到那兒。
come early to ensure getting a good seat.早點來以確保有個好坐位。
be sure to do sth務必做謀事
be sure of 對、、、有把握
be sure that確保、務必做到
14）confusion 混淆（不可數）
If you write more clearly, you’ll prevent the confusion of the readers.
如果你寫得清楚些，你的讀者不會搞混淆。
There has been some confusion of names (名字上弄混了）;it was Mr Smyth who was to come ,not Mr Smith.
confuse (vt)
They confused the noun and verb forms他們把動詞和名詞的形式弄混了
15）ignore是及物動詞
(1) 忽略，不管，沒有注意
It’s not a question that can be ignored。這不是一個可以置之不理的問題。
（2）不理睬，不理會
They ignored traffic regulations. 他們沒理會交通規則
16）approprite 適合的,適當的(adj)
His clothes were not approprite for the accasion.他的衣服不適合這個場合。
17）conduct(vt)=lead or guide 領導、指導、引導
Smiss Gao conducted the visiters round the museum.
高小姐領著游客們在博物館中參觀。
The servant conducted me to the door.仆人領我至門口
conduct (vt&vi)管理、指揮、處理；與反身代詞連用，意為“行為”
He conducts his business affairs in a careless way.他處理公事很粗心。
Who is conducting this evening.今晚由誰指揮。
He conducts himself well.他行為端正。
*Copper conducts electricity.銅導電。
18）interview (vt)向、、、采訪
Have you interviewed the manager of the company?
你采訪過這家公司的經理了嗎？
We are going to interview six candidates this afternoon.
今天下午我們要采訪六個侯選人
interview (n.)采訪
The Ambassador refused to give any interview to journalists or TV men.
大使拒絕任何記者的采訪。
He has an interview next Thursday for a job on the Los Angeles Times.
下周四他為找工作要去洛衫磯面試。
The mayor agreed to give an interview to reporters.市長同意接受記者采訪。
Module 2 unit 2
1.view [u]視線;視力
My view of the harbour was blocked by the buildings
新樓房擋住了我的視線,我看不到港口.
If you stand here you’ll get a better view of the procession.
如果你站在這里,就可以更清楚地看到游行隊伍
2.[c]看到的東西;[從某處看到的]景色
The view from the top of the hill was good.
3. [u]視野
The sea was now in view.現在大海在望。
A range of hills came into view.山脈出現在眼前。
The valley was hidden from view by mist.溪谷隱藏在霧藹之中，看不見了。
4[c]見解；信念；看法；觀點
He has strong view on education.
他對教育的觀點很強硬。
In my view,he should never have been offered the job in the first place.
在我看來，原先壓根兒就不該給他這份工作
5.In view of sth鑒于某事物；考慮到某事物
In view of his age and ill health, the police have decided not to prosecute him.
考慮到他的年齡和健康狀況。警方決定不于起訴。
6.On view 在展出
This paintings will be on view at the British Museum until next month.
reach
1.（常與 out,for連用）伸手
He reached out (his hand) for a piece of cake.他伸手拿一塊蛋糕。
2. 延伸；伸展
The land reached as far as the river.這塊地一直延伸到河邊。
3.到達
They reached London.他們到達了倫敦
perfect 完美的；全然的；對、、、最適當的；（動詞的）完成的
His reading is perfect.他的朗讀好極了。
He is a perfect stranger to me.他對我來說，完全是個陌生的人。
He is a man perfect for this job.他是這個工作的最合適的人選。
the perfect tense 完成時
spot
1. 斑點；污點；地點；場所
She had spots on her face when she was ill.
This is a nice spot for a house.
This is the spot where he was murdered.
On the spot立刻；當場；在現場；in a spot 處于困境
form
1.n.形狀；形體；方式；禮節；儀式；表格
She has a tall graceful form.她有著高挑優雅的外形。
He dislikes any form of exercise.他討厭任何方式的運動。
A form of marriage 結婚儀式。
If you fill in this form,you can take books out of the library.
如果你填了這張表，就可以把書帶出圖書館
2 .vt.&vi.形成；培養；組織；成立
A plan began to form in his mind.計劃在他腦子里形成。
We should form good habits.我們應該養成良好的習慣。
He thought of forming a club他想到組織一個俱樂部
surround
1.環繞，圍繞
The fence surrounds the school.籬笆環繞著學校。
be surrounded with [by]被、、、環繞著，周圍都是、、、
The river is surrounded by green trees.這條河四周環繞著綠樹
2.surrounding 四周的，附近的
the surrounding scenery 四周的風景
3.surroundings 周圍，環境
Pleasant surroundings 舒適的環境
harmony 調和，一致；和諧
My cat and dog live in perfect harmony.我的貓和狗相處得十分和諧。
In a beautiful picture there is harmony between the different colors.
在這幅美麗的畫面中，不同色彩相協調。
They worked in perfect harmony. 他們合作無間。
be in harmony with 與、、、協調一致
be out of harmony with 與、、、不協調一致
live in harmony with…與、、、和諧相處
provide
1.供應；供給
We provided food for the hungry children.=We provided the children with food.我們為饑餓的孩子們提供食物。
2.(常與for ,against 連用）預防，防范
Provide against flood防洪
3.供養；準備給予
Provide for old age防老
He has a wife and seven children to provide for他需要贍養妻子和七個孩子
Supply sth to sb=supply sb with sth
provide sth for sb=provide sb with sth
offer sth to sb =offer sb sth
common 共同的；公共的；常見的；常有的；普通的；熟悉的
a common cup公用杯子
Snow is common in cold countries.
the common people 老百姓
Common knowledge 常識
common 普通的；常見的，不足為奇的/ 共有的
These birds are very common here.
They have nothing in common.
feed on 以、、、為主食
Sheep feed on grass while human beings feed on rice.
feed(fed,fed)喂養
Have you fed the animals?你喂過動物了嗎？
He often feeds fish to the cat.=He often feeds the cat on fish.
give sb an idea of 使某人明白、、、
This book will give you a rough idea of what the everyday life of ordinary Americans is like.
Jion together 連接起來
Jion the two ropes together.
This road joins the two villages
be covered with蓋滿、、、，掩蓋
His desk is covered with dust.
Our apple tree is covered with fruit.
wish 的用法
1.wish to do希望做某事
I wish to go to Hawaii some day.
2. wish sb to do 希望某人做某事
We’ll do whatever the Party wishes us to do.
3.wish sb+n./adj(表祝愿)
I wish you every success in the future.
I wish you happy.
4.wish for sth 希望得到
He wished for a chance to go abroad.
5.wish that…從句用虛擬語氣
I wish I were a bird.
I wish I had been there yesterday.
I wish I could go to the moon some day.
wish/hope/expect
hope for sth;hope to do sth;hope that…用陳述語氣;I hope so/not
expect sth./sb; expect to do sth;expet sb to do; expect that…(用陳述句語氣表示 “盼望或預料”;I expect so;I expect not=I don’t expect so
Would you like the chance to discover a place of mystery and beauty in the southwest of China?
of+n. 作定語或表語
1…of+…age/color/weight/kind/size/length/shape等名詞表示人或物的特征.
They are of the same age=They are of age.
The two machines are of different kinds.
This is a stamp of a special kind.
of +use /help/importance/interest/value
等抽象名詞表示主語的性質,相當于形容詞.
This medicine is of no use=This medicine is useless.
The meeting is of great importance=The meeting is very important
He has been to many places of interest.=He has been to many interesting places.
In this perfect world lived people who had discovered how to stay young forever
當介詞短語放在句首,主語是名詞時,整個句子要全部倒裝.
In front of the house stands a tall tree.
On the wall hang two pictures.
South of the city lies a chemical factory.
At the gate ___ a soldier ____ uniform.
A .lying ;in B.lain; worm
C.laid; dressing D.lay; in
Four or five miles to the east of them____ the blue waters of a beautiful lake.
A.lies B.lied C.lying D.lie
Module2 unit 3
curious adj.好奇的;求知的
be curious about adj. 好奇的
Children are naturally curious about everything around them
result from 由于；result in 導致
His success resulted from hard work .
His hard work resulted in his success.
It will cost a lot of time .___ I think we shall need it and it will certainly be useful.
A. What’s more B.As a result C.At the same time=on the other hand( 另一方面) D. After all
-Would you like some dumplings?
-Well. I’d like to have a few,But ,___ the bad ones last time,I dare not.
A.as a result B.as a result of C.as a matter of D.as far as
certain
1、某種 a certain car
2、確定 A . Sb is certain (=sure) of/about sth 某人對、、、有把握
B. sb is certain (=sure)that-clause 某人相信/認為、、、
C. sb is certain (=sure) to do /be 某人肯定會做謀事
He is certain of his success.
He is certain to succeed .
I’m certain that he will succeed.
3、 It is certain that …(不能用sure)
It is certain that the film is terrible.
It is ___that my friend will come,but I’m not __ whom he will come with.
as well as
1 與、、、一樣好
He plays football as well as the teacher.
2除、、、之外；同；也；不但、、、而且，相當于not only …but also，當連接兩個主語時，謂語與前面的主語一致。
She is clever as well as beautiful.=She is not only beautiful but also clever.
My sister as well as my parents enjoys music.
as well =too 只放在句末
Be famous for/as
Be famous for 以….物體而聞名
Be famous as 以….稱呼/身份而聞名
類似的短語還有:
Be known for/as
Upon (on) doing sth
Upon(on) doing sth=as soon as …..一 ..就
Upon graduating from universty,he went to
work in the countryside.
Die of/die from
Die of 強調死于內因;die from強調外因
He died of hunger 他死于饑餓.
He died from car accident 他死于車禍
Have something to do with
Have something to do with和…..有關系.
He said he had nothing to do with the matter.他說他和此事沒有關系.
He likes to ask some questions which have nothing to do with the lesson.
他喜歡問一些和課堂無關的問題
preserved bodies 保存完好的遺體
preserved 是過去分詞,意為 “保存好的,保留好的”
an excellently peserved old house。 一棟保存好的老房子
He is well preserved at his forties. 他40多歲，保養得很好
in advance :提前，事先
They will pay a hundred and thirty dollors in advance.
他們將提前支付一百三十美元
Send your luggage in advance。 把你的行李提前送走
Everything has been fixed in advance。一切事先都安排好了。
ahead of time =in advance
in advance of :勝過、在前面
He is far advance of his class。 他在班上遙遙領先。
advance along=walk forward along
advanced 先進的、高級的、高等的
an advanced worker 一位先進工作者
advanced maths/education/experience
advance the friendly relation between the two countries增進（推動、提高、預付）兩國關系
together with:和、、、一道，一起
I’m sending you some new shoes, together with a hat and a coat.
John,together with his brothers ,has gone to the party.
would rather
1.would rather do…/would rather not do
What would you rather have ,an apple or a piece of cake?
I’d much rather not leave you here.
I’ll come with you
No,no! Don’t bother.I’d rather not .
2.跟從句（謂語動詞用虛擬語氣）
I would rather it was forgotten.
I’d rather you didn’t do it.
would rather do sth than do
He would rather die than give up.