教學內(nèi)容：閱讀理解的解題指導及相關(guān)練習。
三維目標：、
（1） 知識目標：了解閱讀理解的命題特點、解題方法及技巧。
（2） 能力目標：熟練掌握閱讀理解的考核項目及解題思路、備考策略。
（3） 情感目標：揭開閱讀理解的神秘面紗，使學生樹立信心，從容應對。
教學重點：閱讀理解的解題方法及技巧。
教學難點：如何從對整篇文章的把握，對特定細節(jié)以及復雜句子的理解方面提高學生的歸納、推理、判斷能力，選出最佳選項。
教學方法：演繹歸納法。通過對此題型的講解和歸納，使學生能夠更容易從方法上去把握，從練習中去體會其解題的規(guī)律。
教學課時：3～4課時
教學用具：多媒體課件；黑板；
教學過程：
Step 1 Introduction
2007年廣東省高考英語閱讀理解題的考查目的:
高考閱讀理解要求考生在20分鐘左右的時間內(nèi)，完成對三篇不同題材、體裁文章的理解。另外，今年還增加了信息匹配題。要求考生在5分鐘左右的時間內(nèi)，完成對一篇文章有關(guān)信息的篩選和匹配。閱讀理解考查的不僅是考生對整篇文章的把握能力，還考查了他們快速捕捉信息、準確理解特定細節(jié)以及復雜句子的能力；考生不僅要理解文章的表層意思，更重要的是要通過文章的表層去合理推斷、挖掘文章的隱含意義、延伸意義。這是對考生能力、智力、心理的一個綜合檢驗。閱讀理解的好壞在很大程度上決定著英語考試成績。
2007年廣東省高考英語閱讀理解題的命題形式
高考閱讀理解試題的類型主要分為四種：細節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、猜測詞義題和主旨大意題。它們常見的提問形式如下：
（1） 細節(jié)理解題常見的提問形式
Which of the following (statements) is TRUE/not TRUE?
According to the passage, who(what, where ,when, why, how, etc,)…?
The following are mentioned EXCEPT______?
Why does the author say…?
Where in the passage does the author describe…?
(2) 推理判斷題常見的提問形式
The writer implies that______
It can be inferred from the passage that______
It suggests that_______
It can be included from the passage that_____
We can draw a conclusion that_____
We can learn from the passage that____
(3)猜測詞義題常見的提問形式
The underlined word “hit”( in paragraph 1) probably means___
What does the underlined part“reimburse you” probably mean?
By saying “it is all worth it” in the last paragraph ,the author means that ______
(4)主旨大意題常見的提問形式
What is the main idea of the passage?
The best title for the passage might be____
The main purpose of the passage is to _____
The passage mainly tells us /is mainly about___
Step 2 Main content
**閱讀理解解題技巧
我們結(jié)合《英語周報》高三廣州專版第30,31期的專題復習內(nèi)容研以及配套的例題分析(見《英語周報》),針對高考閱讀理解的四種主要題型,給學生做解題策略指導和技巧總結(jié).
1.如何快速、準確地捕捉信息詞句，做好細節(jié)理解題
策略指導：先瀏覽一遍題目，把題目的要求儲存在大腦中，帶著疑問去快速閱讀，然后找出與題目相關(guān)的信息詞句加以理解分析，去偽存真。此種辦法能有效地避免做細節(jié)理解題時的失誤。
【技巧總結(jié)】準確捕捉信息，注意對信息進行綜合分析，分清主次、真?zhèn)危苊馐苄畔⒌母蓴_，陷入高考題所設下的"陷阱"，誤選干擾項，因為某些干擾選項在文章中也能找到"依據(jù)"，具有很強的迷惑性。
2. 如何進行推理判斷，做好推理判斷題
策略指導：深層含義通常是隱藏在文字背后的延伸之意，弦外之音，如作者的意圖、傾向、語氣，人物的性格、心理、情感，故事的結(jié)局，事情的因果關(guān)系等。因此大家需調(diào)動自己的邏輯思維能力，透過字里行間，去嚴密推理，合理想象。
【技巧總結(jié)】隱含信息并非"空穴來風"， 而是"有源之水"，即隱含信息也是以文章的語言為載體。大家應準確捕捉信息，調(diào)動智力因素，嚴密推理，合理想象，忌"憑空想象 "或"斷章取義"。在閱讀理解中結(jié)合自己的常識進行判斷是必要的，但決不能以常識取代信息分析。推理判斷既要嚴密，又要靈活。
3. 如何進行詞義的判斷，做好語意理解題
策略指導：首先從詞匯所處的語境進行分析，注意上下文之間的關(guān)系，如：如果出現(xiàn)that is, that is to say或破折號等，我們可以斷定，后面的內(nèi)容是對前面內(nèi)容的解釋；如果出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折詞but, however, yet以及表示相反結(jié)果的on the contrary, on the other hand等，我們可以從所給內(nèi)容相反的意義去考慮。
【技巧總結(jié)】高考語意判斷題很多都是考查舊詞新義的理解。因此大家需把詞匯或短句的字面意義與語境和上下文結(jié)合起來，選擇最切合文章內(nèi)容，最符合上下文邏輯的意義，切忌望文生義。
4. 如何抓住文章的中心和主線，做好主旨大意題
策略指導： 讀完一篇短文后應有意識地回味一下文章的大致內(nèi)容，理一理文章的脈絡，體會一下段與段之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，這樣做文章的中心一般都能概括出來, 涉及文章主旨大意方面的題目自然會在頭腦中由模糊變清晰。
【技巧總結(jié)】我們在歸納文章主題時，一定要注意選項的內(nèi)涵和外延必須能恰如其分地概括文章的主題，既不能范圍過大，也不能把某一細節(jié)或側(cè)面誤當作主題。閱讀時我們還應注意捕捉文章出現(xiàn)頻率較高的中心詞匯以及文章和段落的主題句。在選擇文章題目時，還應注意語言方面的特點：文章題目往往具有凝練、醒目的特點。
5. 猜測詞義題
猜測詞義是從特定的角度考查考生的閱讀理解能力和處理生詞的能力。猜測詞義包括對詞、詞組和句意的理解，是高考英語試題閱讀理解中的一類必考題。猜測詞義題常見的解題方法：
（一）上下文線索猜測詞義
任何一篇文章中的句子在內(nèi)容上都不是絕對孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有關(guān)。利用上下文提供的情景和線索，進行合乎邏輯的綜合分析而推測詞義，是閱讀過程中的一大關(guān)鍵，也是高考的熱點。
如：If he thinks he can invite me out, he is all wet. I don’t like to be with him.
A. drunk B. sweating C. happy D. mistaken
分析：根據(jù)I don’t like to be with him我們感受到說話人的語氣。我不愿意跟他在一起，那么，他要邀請我出去是不可能的 他就大錯特錯了。因此答案D。
（二）根據(jù)定義或解釋猜測詞義
閱讀文章中的有些生詞尤其是新聞報導及科普類文章中的生詞，往往在其后有對該詞進行解釋說明性的短語或句子，如to be, that is , mean, stand for, namely, to refer to, to mean ,in other words等，有時也以同位語、定語從句的形式出現(xiàn)，或用破折號、括號來表示。
如：Some ships carried cargo such as coal, oil and military supplies(軍用物資),while others carried only passengers.
分析：such as后所列舉物品均為“貨物”，由此推斷cargo的意思相同，和后面的passengers形成對比。
（三）. 根據(jù)反義詞或反義關(guān)系
有的文章作者為了增強表達效果，會用一對反義詞揭示事物的不同點，形成鮮明的對比，這時只要把握其中的一詞，就不難推出另一詞的含義，這種句子多見unlike, although, but, yet, while, on the contrary, on the other hand, for one thing, for another, instead of, rather than等信息詞。如：One idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite the reverse, business polite, life itself is games which we must normally play with very imperfect information.
A. Quite right. B. Time enough. C. Most unlike. D. Just the opposite.
分析：由前句中perfect information到后面imperfect information這一組對比關(guān)系的詞，我們可以推斷應為“對比、相反”的意思。
(四). 根據(jù)同義詞或近義詞關(guān)系
常見的引出同義詞的標志性詞語有or, like, similarly等。如：
Millions of animals die each year on Us roads, the Highway administration reports. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat exist in the US today. The main reason? Roadkill.
分析：從后面的同位語an endangered wild cat可知“ocelot”是一種野生貓
（五）利用例證性線索
某些冷僻的詞匯后面會舉一個例子，使詞匯具體易懂。等連接性詞語往往用來舉例說明前面較難理解的名詞。
如：You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in School, or English Learning.
分析：通過后面的例子：《英語世界》、《中小學外語教學》、《英語學習》，可知periodicals為“期刊雜志”
（六）根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義
閱讀中常會遇到一些由所熟悉的單詞派生或合成的新詞，可利用構(gòu)詞法知識來推測其意思。
如：Exhibition officials said that a person bitten by one of these snakes would need at least 80ml of an anti-poison medicine to be saved.
分析：anti-poison 是由poison加前綴anti-構(gòu)成的，anti-意思是“反對、排斥、抵抗”，由此可猜出anti-poison是“解毒、抗毒”的意思。
5. 結(jié)構(gòu)復雜的長句子出現(xiàn)在閱讀理解中往往造成大家心理上的緊張，有時讀了好幾遍還不知道句子的意思，白白浪費了時間,如何對待閱讀理解中的長句子?
策略指導：閱讀理解中的結(jié)構(gòu)復雜的句子一般分為兩大類：第一類是由復合句或并列句構(gòu)成的長復雜句子；第二類是省略句。對于第一類句子，大家應抓其主干成分，理解其主體意思，其他的成分都是對主體意思的修飾和補充。對于第二類句子，大家應通過上下文找出省略成分，把句子補充完整。
【技巧總結(jié)】結(jié)構(gòu)復雜的句子往往出現(xiàn)在說明文或議論文中，這是造成考生心理緊張的主要原因。大家應冷靜下來，結(jié)合文章所說明或議論的中心話題，抓住主干，層層理解。
6.信息匹配題
主要考察學生的速讀能力，即在有限的時間內(nèi)理解、總結(jié)信息并且能快速找到相關(guān)的信息的能力。學生要學會尋讀（scan），抓關(guān)鍵信息，然后進行匹配。
Step 3 Homework and consolidation exercises
1. 《英語周報》高三廣州專版第30,31期的專題復習內(nèi)容。
2. 《英語周報》高三廣州專版第33-34期的2007年高考英語模擬試題（一 ）--（十二）一共12套。
3. 2006年和2007年全國各地的英語高考試題中的閱讀理解。
補充材料：
閱讀理解應測試的能力
閱讀理解旨在考查考生理解總體和特定信息的能力。
1. 理解主旨要義的能力
任何一篇文章都有一個主旨要義。有時從文章的第一個段落甚至第一個句子即可以得出文章的主旨要義。從這個段落或句子，讀者可以知道文章描述的是誰或什么即文章的主題，也會了解作者希望讀者了解主題方面的哪些內(nèi)容。有時，文章的主旨要義則需要從文章的字里行間進行推斷。這類試題主要考查考生的略讀文章、領會大意的能力，有時候它
對考生的歸納、概括能力有一定的要求。
2. 理解文中具體細節(jié)信息的能力
一篇文章的主題和中心確定之后，還需要有大量的細節(jié)信息支持。這些細節(jié)對于理解全文的內(nèi)容至關(guān)重要，同時也是歸納和概括文章中心思想的基礎，因而不容忽視。
3. 根據(jù)上下文猜測生詞的詞義的能力
正確理解文章中單詞或短語的含義是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基礎。不懂得單詞的含義根本就談不上理解文章。但是，有時候英語單詞的含義并非等同于詞典上標注的漢語意思，其含義隨不同的語境會有所不同。根據(jù)上下文正確理解靈活多變的詞義，
才算是真正初步具備了一定的閱讀理解能力。
4. 做出簡單判斷和推理的能力
在實際閱讀活動中，有時候需要根據(jù)文章提供的線索和事實，進行邏輯推理，推測作
者未提到的事實或某事情發(fā)生的可能性。
5. 理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)的能力
英語文章講究主題段和主題句。主題段通常在文章的開頭，主題句可能在某一段的開頭、中間或結(jié)尾，作用是交代該段的中心思想，再由全段展開或討論這個意思。段與段之間通常有詞語連接，承上啟下，使文章行文連貫。如果希望準確、深刻地理解一篇文章，必須對文章的結(jié)構(gòu)有所了解，把握住全文的文脈，即句與句、段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系。對
這種能力的考查一般反映在文章的中心思想、文中某段的大意或指代關(guān)系的題目中。
6. 理解作者的意圖和態(tài)度的能力
每篇文章都有一個特定的寫作目的，或是向讀者傳遞某個信息，或是愉悅讀者，或是講授某個道理。而這些信息通常不是明確表達出來，而是隱含在文章之中。因此，這類問
題要求考生在理解文章總體的基礎之上，去領會作者的眼外之意。
下面結(jié)合2007年廣東高考閱讀理解試題，具體分析對這些能力的考查：
A
How should one invest a sum of money in these days of inflation (通貨膨脹)? Left in a bank it will hardly keep its value, however high the interest rate. Only a brave man, or a very rich one, dares to buy and sell on the Stock Market. Today it seems that one of the best ways to protect your saving and even increase your wealth is to buy beautiful objects from the past. Here I am going to offer some advice on collecting antique clocks, which I personally consider are among the most interesting of antiques.
I sometimes wonder what a being from another planet might report back about our way of life. "The planet Earth is ruled by a mysterious creature that sits or stands in a room and makes a strange ticking sound, it has a face with twelve black marks and two hands. Men can do nothing without it's permission, and it fastens its young round people's wrists so that everywhere men go they are still under its control. This creature is the real master of Earth and men are its slaves. " Whether or not we are slaves of time today depends on our culture and personality, but it is believed that many years ago kings kept special slaves to tell the time. Certain men were very clever at measuring the time of day according to the beating of their own hearts. They were made to stand in a fixed place and every hour or so would shout the time. So it seems that the first clocks were human beings.
However, men quickly found more convenient and reliable ways of telling the time. They learned to use the shadows cast by the sun. They marked the hours on candles, used sand in hourglasses, and invented water-clocks. Indeed, any serious student of antique should spend as much time as possible visiting palaces, stately homes and museums to see some of the finest examples of clocks from the past.
Antique clocks could be very expensive, but one of the joys of collecting clocks is that it is still possible to find quite cheap ones for your own home. After all, if you are going to be ruled by time, why not invest in an antique clock and perhaps make a future profit?
41. According to the passage, collecting antique clocks______.
A. can hardly keep the value of your savings
B. will cost much of your savings
C. may increase your wealth
D. needs your bravery
42. By quoting (引用) the remark of a being from another planet, the author intends to________.
A. suggest human beings are controlled by a clock
B. describe why clocks can rule the planet Earth
C. tell readers what clocks look like
D. compare clocks to human beings
43. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to measure the time?
A. Counting the beating of one's own heart.
B. Making use of candles, sand and water.
C. Observing shadows cast by the sun.
D. Keeping slaves busy day and night.
44. The underlined phrase "stately homes"in paragraph 4 means________.
A. state-owned houses
B. houses in very good condition
C. grand houses open to the public
D. houses where statesmen meet regularly
45. The purpose of the passage is_______.
A. to introduce the culture of antique clocks
B. to offer some advice on collecting antique clocks
C. to compare different ways to make a future profit
D. to explain convenient and reliable ways of telling time
[導讀] 這是一篇敘議結(jié)合的散文。人們在通貨膨脹的今天應該怎樣投資一筆錢呢？存在銀行里，這筆錢幾乎不能夠保值，無論存款利息多么高。只有勇敢的人或是富有者才敢于在股票市場買賣。今天保護你的儲蓄甚至增加你的財富最好方法之一似乎是購買過去遺傳下來的漂亮的物品。因此，作者順理成章地提出一些關(guān)于收藏古董鬧鐘的忠告，奉勸人
們投資收藏古董鬧鐘以便將來盈利。
Key: 41. C 42. A 43. D 44. C 45. B
41. C。細節(jié)事實理解題。收集鬧鐘可以增加你的財富。根據(jù)第1段的句子：Today it seems that one of the best ways to protect your saving and even increase your wealth is to buy beautiful objects from the past. Here I am going to offer some advice on collecting antique clocks, which I personally consider are among the most interesting of antiques. 今天保護你的儲蓄甚至增加你的財富最好方法之一似乎是購買過去的漂亮的物品。這里我打算提供一些關(guān)于收集古董鬧鐘的忠告，我個人認為它們是最令人感興趣的古董之一。再看最后一段最后一句：After all, if you are going to be ruled by time, why not invest in an antique clock and perhaps make a future profit?別忘了，如果你打算受時間制約，請投資收藏古董鬧鐘以便將
來盈利吧？
42. A。深層含義理解題。作者引用外星人的話，目的是為了說明人類被鬧鐘所控制。根據(jù)第2段的引文意思：有時候我想知道一個外星人關(guān)于我們的生活方式可能會反饋回去的報告內(nèi)容是什么。“地球這個行星被神秘的動物控制，這種動物坐在或站在一個房間里并發(fā)出一種奇怪的滴答聲，它有一張臉，臉上有12個黑色的標記，還有兩只手。如果沒有它的命令人們什么事情也不做，并且它把它那年輕的圓圓的人們的手腕系得緊緊地，這樣，無論人們走到那里，都處于它的控制之下。這個動物是地球的真正的主人，人是它的
” 奴隸。
43. D。細節(jié)判斷題。A項與第2段的下列句子吻合：Certain men were very clever at measuring the time of day according to the beating of their own hearts.; B項與第3段的下列句
子吻合：They marked the hours on candles, used sand in hourglasses, and invented water-clocks；C項與第3段的下列句子吻合：They learned to use the shadows cast by the sun.；D項的含義是：“讓奴隸日夜忙碌”，這與第2段的下列句子不一致：... but it is believed that many years ago kings kept special slaves to tell the time.但是人們相信許多年之前國王們畜養(yǎng)了專用的奴隸來辨別時間。
44. C。詞義猜測題。state-owned houses國有的房子；houses in very good condition狀況良好的房子；grand houses open to the public對公眾開放的宏偉的房子；houses where statesmen meet regularly政治家們經(jīng)常集會的房子。根據(jù)第4段的信息詞student, visiting palaces和museums判斷，認真研究古董的學生應該盡可能多花時間參觀宮殿、宏偉的房
子和博物館，可以看見一些過去遺傳下來的最精致的鬧鐘的珍品。
45. B。寫作意圖題。作者的寫作目的是為了提出一些關(guān)于收藏古董鬧鐘的忠告。見第1段句子：Here I am going to offer some advice on collecting antique clocks, which I personally consider are among the most interesting of antiques. 這里我打算提供一些關(guān)于收藏古董鬧鐘
的忠告，我個人認為它們是最令人感興趣的古董之一。
B
Do you want to live with a strong sense of peacefulness, happiness, goodness, and self-respect? The collection of happiness actions broadly categorized as "honor" help you create this life of good feelings.
Here's an example to show how honorable actions create happiness.
Say a store clerk fails to charge us for an item. If we keep silent, and profit from the clerk's mistake, we would drive home with a sense of sneaky excitement. Later we might tell our family or friends about our good fortune. On the other hand, if we tell the clerk about the uncharged item, the clerk would be grateful and thank us for our honesty. We would leave the store with a quiet sense of honor that we might never share with another soul.
Then, what is it to do with our sense of happiness?
In the first case, where we don't tell the clerk, a couple of things would happen. Deep down inside we would know ourselves as a type of thief. In the process, we would lose some peace of mind and self-respect. We would also demonstrate that we cannot be trusted, since we advertise our dishonor by telling our family and friends. We damage our own reputations by telling others. In contrast, bringing the error to the clerk's attention causes different things to happen. Immediately the clerk knows us to be honorable. Upon leaving the store, we feel honorable and our self-respect is increased. Whenever we take honorable action we gain the deep internal rewards of goodness and a sense of nobility.
There is a beautiful positive cycle that is created by living a life of honorable actions.
Honorable thoughts lead to honorable actions. Honorable actions lead us to a happier existence. And it's easy to think and act honorably again when we're happy. While the positive cycle can be difficult to start, once it's started, it's easy to continue. Keeping on doing good deeds brings us peace of mind, which is important for our happiness.
46. According to the passage, the positive action in the example contributes to our .
A. self-respect
B. financial rewards
C. advertising ability
D. friendly relationship
47. The author thinks that keeping silent about the uncharged item is equal to .
A. lying
B. stealing
C. cheating
D. advertising
48. The phrase "bringing the error to the clerk's attention" (in para. 5) means .
A. telling the truth to the clerk
B. offering advice to the clerk
C. asking the clerk to be more attentive
D. reminding the clerk of the charged item
49. How will we feel if we let the clerk know her mistake?
A. We'll be very excited.
B. We'll feel unfortunate.
C. We'll have a sense of honor.
D. We'll feel sorry for the clerk.
50. Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?
A. How to Live Truthfully
B. Importance of Peacefulness
C. Ways of Gaining Self-respect
D. Happiness through Honorable Actions
[導讀] 這是一篇說理、規(guī)勸性的議論文。本文的中心是：作者提倡通過高尚的行為獲得幸福，規(guī)勸人們多行善事獲得幸福，以形成一種美麗的積極的循環(huán)。高尚的思想行為可以使你的生活具有一種和平感、幸福感、善良感和自尊感。過高尚行為的生活可以創(chuàng)造美麗的積極的循環(huán)。高尚的思想導致高尚的行為。高尚的行為致使我們幸福的生存。當我們幸福的時候，我們?nèi)菀桩a(chǎn)生高尚的思想和行為。雖然積極的循環(huán)難以開啟，但是，一旦開啟，就容易繼續(xù)下去。堅持不斷地做善事會給我們到來平靜的心理，這樣做對我們的幸福
很重要。
Key: 46-50 ABACD
46. A。細節(jié)事實理解題。第5段第6-8句：In contrast, bringing the error to the clerk's attention causes different things to happen. Immediately the clerk knows us to be honorable. Upon leaving the store, we feel honorable and our self-respect is increased.比較而言，把這個錯誤引起這個職員的注意導致幾件事情發(fā)生。職員立刻知道我們是高尚的（honorable）。我
們一離開商店，就感覺到是高尚的，并且我們的自尊在增加。
47. B。細節(jié)事實理解題。第5段第1-2句：In the first case, where we don't tell the clerk, a couple of things would happen. Deep down inside we would know ourselves as a type of thief. 在第一個案例中，我們不告訴那個職員，有幾件事情會發(fā)生。在內(nèi)心深處我們會知道我們
自己就是小偷。
48. A。句子意思猜測題。第5段分兩層意思。第1-5句是第一層意思：在第一個案例中，我們不告訴那個職員，有幾件事情會發(fā)生。在內(nèi)心深處我們會知道我們自己就是小偷。在這個過程中，我們的心理會失去平靜，也失去自尊。我們也會證明我們不可以信賴，因為我們通過告訴家里的人和朋友的方式來忠告我們的恥辱。第5段第6-8句是第二層意思：比較而言，把這個錯誤引起這個職員的注意導致幾件事情發(fā)生。職員立刻知道我們是高尚的（honorable）。我們一離開商店，就感覺到是高尚的，并且我們的自尊在增加。通過對比這兩層意思，可以判斷bringing the error to the clerk's attention意思是“實話告訴這個職
員”。
49. C。細節(jié)事實理解題。第5段第7-8句：Immediately the clerk knows us to be honorable. Upon leaving the store, we feel honorable and our self-respect is increased. 職員立刻知道我們是高尚的（honorable）。我們一離開商店，就感覺到是高尚的，并且我們的自
員”。
50. D。歸納標題。結(jié)合第1段和最后一段，并綜合全文，我們可以得知：通過高尚的行為獲得幸福。過高尚行為的生活可以創(chuàng)造美麗的積極的循環(huán)。高尚的思想導致高尚的行為。高尚的行為致使我們幸福的生存。當我們幸福的時候，我們?nèi)菀桩a(chǎn)生高尚的思想和行為。雖然積極的循環(huán)難以開啟，但是，一旦開啟，就容易繼續(xù)下去。堅持不斷地做善事會
給我們到來平靜的心理，這樣做對我們的幸福很重要。
C
Malaria, the world's most widespread parasitic (寄生蟲引起的)disease, kills as many as three million people every year ---- almost all of whom are under five, very poor, and African. In most years, more than five hundred million cases of illness result from the disease, although exact numbers are difficult to assess because many people don't (or can't) seek care. It is not unusual for a family earning less than two hundred dollars a year to spend a quarter of its income on malaria treatment, and what they often get no longer works. In countries like Tanzania, Mozambique, and the Gambia, no family, village, hospital, or workplace can remain unaffected for long.
Malaria starts suddenly, with violent chills, which are soon followed by an intense fever and, often, headaches. As the parasites multiply, they take over the entire body. Malaria parasites live by eating the red blood cells they infect (感染) .They can also attach themselves to blood vessels in the brain. If it doesn't kill you, malaria can happen again and again for years. The disease is passed on to humans by female mosquitoes infected with one of four species of a parasite. Together, the mosquito and the parasite are the most deadly couple in the history of the earth and one of the most successful. Malaria has five thousand genes, and its ability to change rapidly to defend itself and resist new drugs has made it nearly impossible to control. Studies show that mosquitoes are passing on the virus more frequently, and there are more outbreaks in cities with large populations. Some of the disease's spread is due to global warming.
For decades, the first-choice treatment for malaria parasites in Africa has been chloroquine, a chemical which is very cheap and easy to make. Unfortunately, in most parts of the world, malaria parasites have become resistant to it. Successful alternatives that help prevent resistance are already available, but they have been in short supply and are very expensive. If these drugs should fail, nobody knows what would come next.
51. According to paragraph I, many people don't seek care because .
A. they are too poor
B. it is unusual to seek care
C. they can remain unaffected for long
D. there are too many people suffering from the disease
52. People suffering from malaria .
A. have to kill female mosquitoes
B. have ability to defend parasites
C. have their red blood cells infected
D. have sudden fever, followed by chills
53. Which of the following may be the reason for the wide spread of the disease?
A. Its resistance to global warming.
B. Its ability to pass on the virus frequently.
C. Its outbreaks in cities with large populations.
D. Its ability to defend itself and resist new drugs.
54. It can be inferred from the passage that .
A. no drugs have been found to treat the disease
B. the alternative treatment is not easily available to most people
C. malaria has developed its ability to resist parasites
D. nobody knows what will be the drug to treat the disease
55. Which of the following questions has NOT been discussed in the passage?
A. How can we know one is suffering from malaria?
B. How many people are killed by malaria each year?
C. Why are there so many people suffering from malaria?
D. What has been done to keep people unaffected for long?
[導讀] 這是一篇介紹醫(yī)學科普常識的說明文。本文主要介紹瘧疾病的起因、傳播、危害與治療。瘧疾（Malaria）是世界上傳播最廣泛的寄生蟲引起的病，每年都要使三百萬人致命--幾乎全是5歲以下的孩子，并且是貧窮的非洲人。瘧疾病本身有很多基因，對于各種新藥物具有抵抗性，所以目前還沒有找到根治瘧疾病的最佳治療方法和藥物。
Keys: 51-55 ACDBD
51. A。細節(jié)事實理解題。見第1段第2-3句：... because many people don't (or can't) seek care. It is not unusual for a family earning less than two hundred dollars a year to spend a quarter of its income on malaria treatment, and what they often get no longer works. (多年來，有5億多病例由這種病引起的，雖然確切的數(shù)字難以估計，) 因為許多人不去尋求（或不可能）醫(yī)療護理。這種情況對于一個年收入不到200美元的家庭并非不同尋常，因為要治療瘧疾病，
就花去年收入的四分之一，并且他們時常所得到的不再有效。
52. C。細節(jié)事實理解題。見第2段第3句：Malaria parasites live by eating the red blood cells they infect (感染) .瘧疾寄生蟲依靠吃他們感染的紅血球生存。這說明瘧疾病患者的紅
血球受到感染。
53. D。細節(jié)事實理解題。這種疾病之所以廣泛傳播是因為它有一種自我防御和抵抗新藥物的能力。見第2段倒數(shù)第3句：Malaria has five thousand genes, and its ability to change
rapidly to defend itself and resist new drugs has made it nearly impossible to control.。
54. B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第3段倒數(shù)第2句：Successful alternatives that help prevent resistance are already available, but they have been in short supply and are very expensive. 一些成功的可供選擇的化學藥品在阻止瘧疾的這種抵抗力方面已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)效用，但是這些可供選
擇的化學藥品非常短缺，并且昂貴，因此大多數(shù)人不容易得到可供選擇的治療。
55. D。細節(jié)事實理解題。A項見第2段第1句：Malaria starts suddenly, with violent chills, which are soon followed by an intense fever and, often, headaches；B項見第1段第1句：... kills as many as three million people every year almost all of whom are under five, very poor, and African.；C項見第2段第3句：Malaria has five thousand genes, and its ability to change rapidly to defend itself and resist new drugs has made it nearly impossible to control.；又見第1段第2
句：... because many people don't (or can't) seek care.；D項沒有提到。