[直擊考綱]
1、考查貫穿各個高考各中題型。
2、非謂語動詞的時態、語態和句法功能。
[熱點綜觀]
1、知識圖譜
時態 不定式
主動/被動 動名詞
主動/被動 現在分詞
主動/被動
一般時 to do / to be done doing / being done doing / being done
完成時 to have done /
to have been done having done / having been done having done / having been done
進行時 to be doing
完成進 行 to have been doing
2、重點難點
① 非謂語動詞的否定式中not前置與非謂語動詞。
② 非謂語動詞在固定搭配中的使用。
③ 非謂語動詞的時態語態在語境中的使用。
④ 動名詞和不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。
⑤ 不定式中to的省略。
⑥ 不定式和動名詞作結果狀語、主語、賓語、賓補時含義上的區別。
⑦ 動名詞的復合結構。
⑧ 獨立主格結構的運用。
3、熱點冷點
① 非謂語動詞作不同句子成分的用法，尋找非謂語動詞的邏輯主語來確定非謂語動詞的形式。
② 非謂語動詞在特定動詞后面、詞組中的搭配使用，尤其是用不定式和動名詞作賓語的區別。
③ 狀語從句省略為連詞+非謂語動詞結構。
④ 獨立主格結構的構成、非謂語動詞在獨立主格結構中的形式、懸垂結構考查不多，應適當注意
[經典與原創]
[例1] （2005江西高考）
_____ and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease, the patient sought her doctor’s help to end her life.
A. Having given hope of cure
B. With no hope for cure
C. There being hope for cure
D. In the hope of cure
[互動] 本題考查根據句意正確選擇狀語。從后半句“病人尋求醫生的幫助來結束生命”說明其原因是“沒有治愈的希望”，由此判斷A、C、D意思都不合題意，只有B表示否定“沒有希望”，符合題意。
[答案]B
[小結]非謂語動詞的考查往往考查結構，但也要注意句子前后的意思是否相符。
[例2] What is the way George thought of _____ enough money to buy the computer?
A. to get B. getting C. having got D. being got
[互動]考查學生突破定向思維的能力的同時考查非謂語動詞用法。解本題的關鍵在于要看出題干中的“非直接相鄰”現象，不能看到of就認為后面應該跟動名詞，而要意識到George thought of是the way的第一個定語，第二個定語是個動詞不定式，被George thought of隔開了，應該是“George想到的得到足夠的錢買電腦的辦法”。
[答案]A
[小結] 出題者有意把兩個看似完全不相干的詞放在一起作為選項，或者讓題干中的詞與選項中的詞的搭配看上去完全不相干，有時出題人把賓語提前，使謂語與其他成分相連，這種情況在測試題中比較常見，解這些題目要打破定向思維。
[高考面對面]
1. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _____ whether he was going in the right direction.
A. seeing B. having seen
C. to have seen D. to see
2. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _____ in a year.（2005湖南高考）
A. follows B. followed
C. to follow D. being followed
3. ---- You should have thanked her before you left.
---- I meant _____, but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere.
A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing to
4. When we got back home, I saw a message pinned to the door _____ “Sorry to miss you. I’ll call late.”
A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading
5. With a lot of difficult problems_____, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. settled B. settling
C. to settle D. being settled
6. Prices of daily goods _____ through a computer can be lower than store prices.
A. are bought B. bought
C. been bought D. buying
7. The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well _____.（2005湖北高考）
A. to spend B. spent
C. being spent D. spending
8. With his money _____, he couldn’t go home.
A. leaving B. missed
C. running out D. run out
9. He hurried to the hospital ____ his breakfast ____.
A. left; unfinished B. leaving; unfinished
C. leaving; unfinished D. left; unfinishing
10. _____ the children the way she does, Sue should become a teacher.
A. Liking B. Liked C. Like D. To like
11. Finding her car stolen, _____.
A. a policeman was asked to help
B. the area was searched thoroughly
C. it was looked for everywhere
D. she hurried to a policeman
12. _____ here in time, they came _____ all the way.
A. Getting; running B. To get; running
C. To get; to run D. Getting; to run
13. At the end of 2002, there were around 3,000 foreign printing companies in China, _____ up around 2 percent of national total.
A. made B. to make C. making D. having made
14. The doctor examined him carefully, only _____ his illness was serious.
A. find B. to find C. finding D. found
15. Daddy didn’t mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, _____ fun.（2005重慶高考）
A. had B. have C. to have D. having
16. To get a better view of the stage, _____.
A. our seats had to be changed
B. our seats were changed
C. we had to change our seats
D. we have to changed our seat
17. ---- What should I do with this passage?
---- _____ the main idea of each paragraph.（2005重慶高考）
A. Finding out B. Found out
C. Find out D. To find out
18. ---- Do you have anything more _____, sir?
---- No. You can have a rest or do something else.
A. typing B. to be typed C. typed D. to type
19. He let me repeat his instruction _____ sure that I understood what was _____ after he went away.
A. to make; to be done B. making; doing
C. to make; to do D. making; to do
20. You can never imagine what great trouble I have had _____ him to stop smoking.
A. persuading B. promising C. making D. having
21. _____ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.
A. The president will attend
B. The president to attend
C. The president attended
D. The president’s attending
22. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ______ it more difficult.
A. not make B. not to make
C. not making D. do not make
23. When _____ help, one often says “Thank you” or “It’s very kind of you”.（2005福建高考）
A. offering B. to offer
C. to be offered D. offered
24. I found the German language hard _____.
A. to learn B. to be learned
C. learning D. learned
25. He glanced over at her, _____ that though she was thin, she seemed very well put together.（2005廣東高考）
A. noting B. noted
C. to note D. having noted
26. It had no other effect except _____ him all the anxieties.
A. make B. making C. to make D. made
27. ---- Can the project be finished as planned?
---- Sure, _____ it completed in time, we’ll work two more hours a day.（2005福建高考）
A. having got B. to get
C. getting D. get
28. ---- Why haven’t you bought any butter?
---- I _____ to but I forgot all about it.
A. liked B. wished C. meant D. expected.
29. He was reading a very interesting story, completely _____ to the outside world.
A. losing B. being lost
C. to be lost D. lost
30. It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. ____ the answers ready will be of great help.（2005北京高考）
A. To have had B. Having had
C. Have D. Having
31. The party was successful, but we thought it a pity not _____ you.
A. invite B. to invite
B. inviting D. to have invited
32. ---- Li Ming is said _____ abroad. Do you know what country he is in?
---- Yes, in Britain.
A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying
C. to have been studied
33. _____ here at the top of the mountain with no one else near you must be very lonely.
A. Live B. Living C. To live D. To be living
34. Wenhui Daily, a local newspaper in Hongkong, _____ on April 2nd that the famous singer and actor Zhang Guorong killed himself the day before.
A. writing B. wrote C. saying D. said
35. The military actions against Iraq, _____ despite opposition from most countries and people across the world, broke the international law.
A. turned out B. carried out
C. coming out D. taking out
36. The water tower _____ now near the broadcasting station is _____ soon.
A. to be put up; completed
B. being put up; to be completed
C. to be put up; being completed
D. being put up; being completed
37. When asked by the police, he said that he remembered _____ at the party, but not _____.（2005北京高考）
A. to arrive; leaving B. to arrive; to leave
C. arriving; leaving D. arriving; to leave
38. I carefully poured the liquid into the water, my classmates _____ anxiously beside me to see what would happen.
A. stood B. standing C. to stand D. were standing
39. Mr. Smith flew to New York this morning, his assistant ______ him there this Saturday.
A. joining B. to join
C. will join D. wants to join
40. _____ and out of breath, we reached the top of the mountain and stopped _____ the beautiful scenery.
A. Tiring; to admire B. Being tired; admiring
C. Tired; to admire D. Tired; admiring
41. _____ around Tian’anmen Square, the tourists were taken to visit the Palace Museum.
A. Showing B. Having shown
C. Being shown D. Having been shown
42. Unfortunately he fell over some bricks _____ lying on the ground.
A. left B. having left C. leaving D. to leave
43. They were not yet aware of the hopelessness of their situation, _____ the lack of fresh water on the lifeboat.
A. giving B. given C. to give D. being given
44. ____ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice. （2005北京春招）
A. To face B. Having faced
C. Faced D. Facing
45. ---- Shall we discuss the problem at the meeting today?
---- We’d better not. _____, the problem isn’t so burning. What’s more, the manager won’t be back until tomorrow.
A. Begun with B. Beginning with
C. To begin with D. Being begun with
46. The world Trade Organization finally opened its door to China on November 10, _____ a 15-year wait.
A. to end B. ended C. ending D. ends
47. The village seemed deserted, the only sign of life _____ an ugly-looking goat tied to a tree in a field nearby.
A. is B. being C. was D. be
48. It was _____ computer games that took the boy a lot of time that he ought to have spent on his lessons.
A. to have played B. playing
C. played D. having played
49. _____ on a park bench and _____ the brightly colored leaves _____ gently to the ground, he felt at peace with the world.
A. Sitting; watching; fall B. To sit; watch; falling
C. Sitting; watching; to fall
D. To sit; watching; falling
50. ---- What do you think made the girl so glad?
---- _____ a beautiful necklace.
A. As she received B. Receiving
C. Received D. Because of receiving
51. What do you think _____ to make himself _____?
A. Bob will say; believe B. will Bob say; believe
C. Bob will say; believed D. will Bob say; believe
52. How many of us _____, say, a meeting that is not important to us would be interested in the discussion?
A. attended B. to attended C. attending
D. have attended
53. A new garden, _____ near our school, will be under construction soon.
A. said to have been built B. said to be built
C. said to be building D. said to build
54. With the weather conditions _____, they flew to London immediately.
A. considered B. considering
C. to consider D. to be considered
55. _____ Sunday, rather than _____ at home, I preferred _____.
A. It being; stay; to travel
B. Being; to stay; to travel
C. Having been; stay; travel
D. It was; to stay; traveling
56. UN Secretary General Kofi Annan points out that, _____, the situation will get worse and worse in the Middle East.
A. if not dealing with properly
B. if not properly dealt with
C. unless dealing with properly
D. until properly dealt with
57. I am sorry. I can’t help ______ the floor of the waiting room.
A. swept B. sweeping C. to sweep D. to sweeping
[高考猜想]
58. People in developed countries are supposed _____ more healthy food before than they have today.
A. to be having B. to have C. having
D. to have had
專題10 單項填空 非謂語動詞
1-5. DCBDC 6-10. BBCBA 11-15. DBCBA 16-20. CDBAA 21-25. DBAAA 26-30. CBCDC
31-35. DCBDB 36-40. BABBC 41-45. DBBCC 46-50. CBBAB 51-55. CCBAA 56-58. BCD
1. 考查非謂語動詞在固定句型中的使用。as if后面可直接跟不定式，但不能接動詞-ing形式，故排除A、B兩項，而動詞不定式的完成時表示過去完成了的動作，不合本題意，因此也可排除。as if = as though“好象”，后跟賓語從句時可根據具體情況使用陳述語氣或虛擬語氣。
2. 此題考查謂語動詞與非謂語動詞的辨析，還要理清句子結構。that前是個主句，that引導的是個定語從句，其先行詞是a site，在定語從句中many people think是插入語，空格處是謂語部分。插入語經常被出題人放在題目中，使句子復雜化，增加句子的難度，做題時可以把插入語去掉，便于理解句子結構。
3. 本題在考查非謂語動詞的同時，考查mean的用法。mean后面既可以跟動名詞也可以跟不定式做賓語。mean to do表示“打算做某事”，而mean doing“意味著（做）某事”，還要注意meant過去式表示過去的打算或有意的行為，肯定式表示過去未能實現的計劃或打算，而否定式表示過去并非有意要做的事情。本題意思是“我想跟她道謝來著，但走的時候沒找到她”，簡略回答時，不定式后的動詞可省。mean還有“卑鄙的；吝嗇的”之意，是閱讀中常見的一個詞，如：a mean trick（卑劣的把戲）。
4. 考查非謂語動詞做定語的用法。表示文字材料上“寫著…”或儀表儀器上面的“讀數是…”，常用read或say，是及物動詞。在本題中reading做message的后置定語，中間的pinned to the door是saw復合結構中的賓補。pin to“釘在…上”，用介詞to，類似的有tie to, fasten to“系在…上；拴在…上”
5. 考查非謂語動詞作賓補。with后面跟復合結構作狀語，賓語a lot of difficult problems與賓補settle之間是動賓關系，在此結構中用不定式的主動表示被動。本句意思是“有許多難題要解決，新當選的總統日子不好過”。如用with a lot of difficult problems settled則表示“許多問題已經解決”。
6. 考查句子結構和非謂語動詞的用法。分析句子可見已有謂語動詞can be，因此排除A，然后應該知道是考查非謂語動詞做后置定語，看被修飾的詞daily goods與動詞buy之間是被動關系，因此排除D，因為過去分詞做定語時本身已表示被動，因此不再需要被動結構，故再排除C。
7. 考查非謂語動詞及其邏輯主語。分詞做狀語時，要與句子的主語是邏輯上的主謂關系，除非是獨立主格結構。句中分詞putting的邏輯主語是Nancy。put away“收拾好；把收起來”，give away“贈送”。
8. 考查非謂語動詞做賓語補足語。with后面接復合賓語結構，本題中應該用現在分詞作賓補，因為his money與run out之間是主動關系，run out“用完；耗盡”。表示“用盡；用完”的還有give out，無被動，如：Both my strength and money gave out.
9. 本題考查非謂語動詞的用法。句中的謂語動詞是hurried，且后面沒有其它連詞，故不能有兩個謂語動詞，因此left不可能是過去時，而應該是過去分詞，故排除A、D兩項。其次還考查了leave+賓語+賓補，unfinish與break之間是被動關系，應用過去分詞作賓補。
10. 本題考查非謂語動詞做狀語的情況。從句意可知“Sue如此喜歡小孩子，她應該成為一名教師”，首先排除C，動詞原形不能做狀語，再排除D，因為“做教師”不是為了“喜歡孩子”，而不定式做狀語常表示目的，最后排除B，因為like與句子的主語Sue之間是主動關系，不能用過去分詞。
11. 非謂語動詞做狀語時，一定要注意其邏輯主語就是句子的主語，否則就是個錯句。題干中的狀語Finding的邏輯主語是車主she，因此完全可以一下子排除A、B、C。
12. 考查不定式和現在分詞作狀語時的不同含義。“他們一路奔跑，為的是及時趕到這里”，不定式作目的狀語，現在分詞作伴隨狀語。
13. 分析句子結構可知逗號后面應該是個結果狀語，因此排除D，再看make與foreign printing companies之間是主謂關系，make當然用主動形式，故排除A，因為動詞不定式做狀語常表示意外的結果，故排除B，所以句中的making up around 2 percent of national total = which make up…這樣一個非限定性定語從句。再如：
European football is played in 80 countries, _____ it the most popular sport in the world.
A. making B. makes C. made D. to make
答案A
14. 不定式作狀語和動名詞作結果狀語意義是不同的。不定式作狀語常表示意外的結果，而動名詞常表示自然的結果。本句意思是“醫生仔細給他檢查了，發現他的病很嚴重”。再如：He got to the station only _____ the train had gone.
A. and told B. telling C. told D. to be told
答案D
15. 解析 what he could后省略了do，what引導的是賓語從句。不定式to help作目的狀語，表示“盡力幫助某人”經常用do what one can to help sb.或do all/everything (that) one can to help sb.
16. 當不定式做狀語時，不定式的邏輯主語應該與句子的主語一致，因此可以排除A、B兩項，至于D，have to后面應該跟動詞原形。
17. 本題考查不定式作目的狀語。本句有make use of的被動語態，要突破定向思維，不能以為空格處是個of的賓語。本句的主動式是：We must make full use of every minute to do our lessons.
18. 在have something to do句型中，不定式與其修飾的名詞或代詞有動賓關系，同時又與句中的另一名詞或代詞有主謂關系，這時，不定式要用主動表示被動，如You need something to eat中的不定式是to eat是由you發出的動作，是主謂關系，用主動表被動。然而，當找不到能與不定式構成主謂關系的主語時，就要用被動式，如題干中，由上下文可知，第一句中的you并非type的主語，因此用被動，再如I’m going home. Do you have anything to be taken home?也是如此，take的主語不是you。
19. 考查動詞不定式。選項中有兩個是不定式，兩個是現在分詞，題干中“他讓我重復他的說明來確信我知道他離開后要做些什么事”，因此前面的空格缺少的是動作的目的而不是伴隨狀態，很容易就排除B、D兩項，后半句的主語what是要做的事情，動詞不定式應該用被動形式。be to結構表示將來的動作，有“計劃、打算、命令、義務、命中注定”之意。
20. 考查對固定詞組在復雜句子結構中使用。本題考查的是固定詞組have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.這一用法，難點是這一詞組在題干中進行了變形，trouble提前做了先行詞，而have放在了后面的定語從句中作了謂語，但結構的搭配和用法沒有改變，相當于I have had great trouble persuading him to stop smoking，其次動詞persuading表示“說服”，強調結果，C、D是搭配錯誤，其后不能用帶to的動詞不定式做賓補，promising是意思不符合題意。try to persuade = advice“盡力去說服（但不一定成功）”
21. 考查對句子結構的分析能力。分析句子成分可知，題干中的主語尚未完整，先排除A、C兩項，因為陳述句作主語時得用That來引導，構成主語從句。再排除B，因為這是個由不定式作后置定語的名詞，而句子的意思是“總統親自參加會議（這件事）讓大家深受鼓舞”，因此主語應該是個事件，只有D項動名詞短語在結構和意義上都適合這個句子。that引導名詞性從句時，除賓語從句外，都不能省。
22. 考查動詞不定式做表語。從結構上看有兩個不定式做表語，而且邏輯上是轉折意義，因此，后面一個用否定形式。with/for the purpose of“以…為目的”，on purpose“故意”
23. 考查不定式符號to后面動詞的省略現象。有時為了避免重復，可以用to來代替前面的不定式，這種情況還常出現在下列動詞后：expect, prefer, care, mean, forget, want, wish, hope, try以及be glad/happy等后面。但如果在省略的不定式結構中有be, have, have been等詞，這些詞要保留，如：
---- Are you on holidays? ---- No, but I ‘d like to.
---- I didn’t tell him the news. ---- Oh, you ought to have.
本題把答語補全就是No, even though I am invited to go.然后根據語法規則變成省略句，將I am和不定式符號后的部分省略。even though = even if“即使”，as though = as if“好像”。
24. 本題考查動詞不定式的主動表被動這一用法。當動詞不定式作后置定語時，不定式的動詞與前面所修飾的名詞之間有動賓關系，又與該句主語構成邏輯上的主謂關系時，不定式主動表被動；不定式作表語形容詞的狀語，和句中主語構成邏輯上的動賓關系時，也要主動表被動。本題屬于后者。另一結構：I find it hard to do…，其中it作形式賓語，真正的賓語是后面的動詞不定式。
25. prove后既可跟不定式to be，又可直接跟形容詞作表語。而選項B在時態上不合要求。其次，本題中的it是確指某一事物，而不是形式主語，因此prove在這里是系動詞的用法，不用被動語態，而如果it作形式主語，那么prove常用被動語態，如：It is proved to be true that this matter is difficult to deal with.
26. 當except、but、save、than、as等連詞前面有do動詞時，后面接不帶to的動詞不定式，否則，后面接帶to的動詞不定式。如：
I have no choice but to wait for him at the very place.
Yesterday he did nothing except see a film.
27. 有些動詞，像ask ,tell, try, need, want, wish, expect, hope, like, hate, love, know, care, prefer, mean等，當不定式作它們的謂語、賓語、補語時，為避免重復，常省去與前面動詞一致的動詞原形，而保留不定式符號，如：
He can go if he wishes to.
I would mend your radio, but I don’t know how to.
28. liked, wished, meant和 expected 都可后接動詞不定式作賓語，但從提供的情況分析，是打算買而沒買，應填meant。mean to do sth.：打算做某事；mean doing sth：意味著做某事。
29. 過去分詞表狀態，整個分詞短語作狀語，對句子的動作作說明。A是及物動詞轉換來的現在分詞，但缺賓語。B是現在分詞的被動式，表動作在進行，意思不對；C是不定式，表示將要發生的動作，意思也不對。再如：
______ at failing in the math exam, John wouldn’t like to talk about it to his parents.
A. Disappointed B. To be disappointed C. Disappointing D. Having disappointed
答案A
30. burn在此是不及物動詞“燃燒”，而lock是及物動詞，因此分別用現在分詞和過去分詞作賓補和表語。
31. 根據題意是指過去的事情，因此用不定式的完成式來表示過去的動作。再如：
Charles Babbage is generally considered ______ the first computer. (NMET 1993)
A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented
答案C
32. 根據后面的he is in可以推斷是指現在的動作或狀態，因此不定式要用進行時，to be studying。
33. 分析句子結構可知本句已有謂語動詞，但主語部分不完整，首先排除A，因為動詞不能作主語，其次，動名詞和不定式都可以作主語，動名詞作主語時表示一般或抽象的多次的行為，不定式作主語往往表示具體的或一次性的動作。從本題來看主語是個抽象概念“獨居山頂，周圍沒有一個人（這樣的生活）”，因此用動名詞living比較合適。D用的是不定式的進行時，表示正在進行的動作與句子意思不符。
34. 首先分析本題的句子結構，發現空格處應該是謂語動詞，因此排除A、C。其次區別動詞的含義，表示報紙、牌示、儀表盤等等“說；指示著”一般用say，因此選D。表示文字材料上“寫著…”或儀表儀器上面的“讀數是…”，還可用read，是及物動詞。再如：
When we got back home, I saw a message pinned to the door ______ “Sorry to miss you. I’ll call later.”
A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading
答案D
35. 本題在辨析動詞詞組的同時考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知空格處并非謂語動詞，而是作為主語the military actions的補充說明，“不顧世界上絕大多數國家和人民的反對而進行”，根據意思應該用carry out，而turn out“結果是”，come out“出來；（真相）大白；出版”等，take out“取出”，這三個選項都不合題意。carried out = which were carried out非限定性定語從句。
36. 根據句中的now，可以斷定the water tower是正在進行建造，而且是被動語態，應該用現在分詞的被動語態，而謂語動詞部分是be to結構表示將來時，to后面是不定式的被動語態，因為complete和the water tower之間是動賓結構，而the water tower是主語。動詞不定式作定語通常表示尚未進行的動作，而現在分詞作定語表示正在進行或已經發生的動作。再如：
If the building project ______ by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined.
A. to be completed B. is completed C. being completed D. completed
答案A
37. 根據句子意思“這種病如果不治療的話能導致徹底失明”。if left untreated = if it is left untreated，是狀語從句中的省略現象。
一般來說，省略現象出現于五種狀語從句中
when, while, as, before, after, till, until, once等引導的時間狀語從句
if, unless, whether等引導的條件狀語從句
though, although, even if, whatever等引導的讓步狀語從句
as, than引導的比較狀語從句
as, as if, as though引導的方式狀語從句
遵循的原則
當從句與主句的主語或賓語一致，且從句謂語為be時，可將從句主語及be省略。
當從句的主語是it，且從句謂語含有be時，可將it及be省略。
當so或not代替上文內容，此時可有if + so/not句式
常見的結構
連詞(as, as if, once)+名詞
連詞(though, whether, when)+形容詞
連詞(whether, as if, while)+介詞短語
連詞(when, while, though)+現在分詞
連詞(when, if, even if, unless, once, until, than, as)+過去分詞
連詞(as if, as though)+不定式
e.g. Once (he was) a teacher, he now works in a government office.
Work hard when (you are) young, or you’ll regret.
He looked everywhere as if (he was) in search of something.
While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called.
The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected.
He opened his lips as if (he were) to speak.
Her father told her to be careful when (she was) crossing the street.
Unless (it is) necessary, you’d better not refer to the dictionary.
Get up early tomorrow. If not (= If you don’t get up early), you will miss the first bus.
He may not be at home then, if so (= if he is not at home), leave him a note.
38. 本題考查獨立主格結構。獨立主格結構是由“邏輯上的主語+邏輯上的謂語部分”構成。邏輯上的謂語包括：現在分詞、過去分詞、不定式短語、介詞短語等。分析句子結構，句子的前半部分已經有了主謂賓，因此后半部分是作狀語，又因為my classmates不是整個句子的主語，因此用現在分詞的獨立主格結構，因為stand的邏輯主語是my classmates。本句意思是“我小心地把液體倒進水中，我的同學們焦急地站在旁邊等著看會有什么情況發生”。再如：
The girl in the snapshot was smiling sweetly, ______.
A. her long hair flowed in the breeze B. her long hair was flowing in the breeze
C. her long hairs were flowing in the breeze D. her long hair flowing in the breeze
答案D
39. 后半句是個獨立主格結構， A項表示正在進行的動作，不符題意；B項表示將要發生的動作，是正確答案；C、D是后半部分成了句子，但又缺少連詞，故均錯了。
40. 前半部分是形容詞化了的過去分詞tired和介詞短語out of breath作狀語，后面是不定式作目的狀語。
41. 本題“被帶領著參觀了天安門廣場，游客們又被帶著去參觀了頤和園”，強調動作發生的先后順序，因此用完成時較合適，而且是被動語態。
42. 分析句子結構可以知道some bricks后面應該是個定語，leave后面可以跟復合賓語，leave sb./sth. doing表示“使某人/某物保持某種動作/狀態”，本題中的some bricks是leave的賓語，因此過去分詞作定語表示被動，而且用完成時態來表示動作發生在fell over這一動作之前，having left = which have been left。再如：
Taj majal, ______ by Shah Jahan for his wife, is thought to be one of the great architectural wonders of the world.
A. being built B. was built C. to have been built D. built
答案D
43. 過去分詞given可以引導一個短語，通常在句中作狀語，意思為：“在…的情況下，考慮到…”，相當于Considering …短語作狀語。類似的還有Judging by, Generally speaking等，這種結構叫懸垂結構。如：
_____ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.
A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given
答案：A
再如：Given his poor English, it’s better to let him live with the foreign students.
44. “陷入沉思”deep in thought，因此排除B、D，“看到某人坐著”see sb. sitting或see sb. seated，因為sit是不及物動詞，seat是及物動詞，常用seat oneself。
45. 根據上下文的意思，這個問題最好不要在今天的會議上討論，因為該問題不是那么burning“緊急；要緊”， to begin with通常用來陳述理由，表示“首先；第一”。
46. 動名詞結果狀語，表示自然而然的結果。
47. 分析句子結構發現句子的主、謂、賓已經齊備，那么空格處應該是狀語的一部分，只有being是非謂語動詞，在這里是現在分詞的獨立主格結構。
48. 這是個強調句，動名詞短語是被強調的主語，表示一般性的或抽象的行為。
49. 分析句子成分知道句子的前半部分是狀語，sitting和watching是and連接的兩個狀語，邏輯主語是句子的主語he，第三個空格則是watch復合賓語中的不帶to的不定式作賓補。
50. 根據提問的疑問代詞what，因此答語部分應該是個能作主語的短語或句子，只有receiving合適。
51. 本句前半部分是個雙重疑問句，用賓語從句的語序，后半部分的不定式to make是目的狀語，make后面用過去分詞作賓補，因為believe與himself之間是被動關系，本句意思是“你認為Bob會說些什么來使大家相信他？”。
52. 首先要理清句子結構，因為較為復雜，我們可以將其簡單化變成How many of us would be interested in the discussion?那么us后面應該是個定語，say是個插入語，出席會議的我們us attending a meeting，而meeting后面又是一個that引導的定語從句。
53. said過去分詞短語作主語a new garden的補充說明，從will be under construction soon可知a new garden尚未開始，因此A、C用的不定式時態錯誤，D的語態錯誤。
54. 本句with結構中應該用過去分詞作賓補，因為consider和the weather conditions之間是被動關系，“考慮到天氣原因”。
55. 理順句子結構和語序是解題的關鍵。考查prefer to do… rather than do…結構，本句中rather than前置了，但搭配不變，因此可以排除B、C、D，It being Sunday是獨立主格作原因狀語。
56. 狀語從句的省略形式，if not properly dealt with = if it isn’t properly dealt with。詳見37題解釋。再如：
When ______ about her result of the English exam, the girl ______.
A. asked; burst into tears B. being asked; burst into laughter
C. he was asked; kept crying D. asked; kept her word
答案A
57. 考查相似短語或搭配的含義及使用。有時同學們會牢記一些特殊的詞組和搭配而忽視最基本的用法，本題就是一例。can’t help doing和can’t help but do是兩個較特殊的詞組，意思是“不由得；不得不”，如果沒有仔細審題就受到這兩個詞組的影響，那么很有可能會選B，而實際上本題考查的是help的基本用法help to do“幫忙做某事”。help作為動詞，還有“有幫助；（藥物等）有效；緩和”，如：
Crying won’t help, you know.
This medicine will help (your headache).
58. 本題結合動詞搭配考查非謂語動詞。后面的before說明應該用不定式的完成時來表示過去的動作。本句意思是“有人認為，發達國家的人們過去比現在有更健康的食物”。