Reading: The economy or the environment----must we choose?
1. a television debate on environmental issues
debate vi. 辯論，爭辯，考慮，思考 debate (about) sth
debate + wh + to do
①The government is debating the education laws. _政府正在就教育法進(jìn)行辯論.___
②__He was debating whether to go for a walk or to visit a friend
他在考慮去散步還是去訪友。
n. 討論，辯論會
①Who opens the debate? 誰先發(fā)言
②It is ___a___ __debate_ about ___the _______ _punishment___ for criminals.
這是一場關(guān)于懲治罪犯的爭論。
beyond debate _無可爭辯___ hold a debate _舉行辯論會
a warm debate_激烈的辯論____ debate sth. with sb. __與某人爭論某事
debate with oneself 仔細(xì)考慮，盤算
2．we will open the floor for discussion.
floor n. 發(fā)言權(quán)
have/ get the floor 取得發(fā)言權(quán)
take the floor 起立發(fā)言或演講
1) 他沒有取得發(fā)言權(quán)。____He didn’t get the floor_____
2) 現(xiàn)在請總統(tǒng)講話。 ___I now invite the president to take the floor________
3. the way large areas of the world are damaged by industrial waste.
the way to do
the way of doing
the way that/ in which/ 省略 + 句子
1）I don’t know the way _to solve/ of solving (solve) the problem.
2）The way _C___ you thought of _____ the problem is excellent.
a. in which; solving b. that; solving
c. /; to solve d. in which; to solve
3） ___D___ matters is not what you said but the way _____ you said that.
a. that; what b. that; / c. what; how d. what; in which
4. Other types of waste flow into our water.
flow vi. 流動，漂浮
①The Yalu River flows between China and Korea. ____鴨綠江介于中國和朝鮮之間
②我姐姐的長發(fā)自然地飄垂在背后。
__My sister’s hair flowed down her back._
n. 流動，流量，流暢
①There was a heavy flow of traffic on the road. __那條路上車水馬龍.
②The government is trying to stop the increasing flow of refugees entering the country.
__政府正在設(shè)法阻止越來越多的難民流入中國
flow away __流走_(dá)__________ flow from ___從…中產(chǎn)生__________
flow into __流入___________ flow down_流下____________
5. In addition, many sea creatures are being wiped out by fishing boats.
in addition 另外，加之 in addition to sth 加之……；除了……之外。
When he fell off his bike, he hurt his arm and, _in__ _addition__ __to___ his glasses.
他從車上摔下來，摔傷了胳膊，還有眼鏡。
There was an earthquake and, __in__ addition___, (另外) there were huge waves.
He speaks French __in___ _addition_____ ___to____ English. （除了英語以外）
wipe out 徹底消滅，摧毀， 除去，取消
幾年的辛苦勞動之后，他們終于還清了所有的債務(wù)。
__They finally wiped out all the debts after years of hard work.___
wipe sth away/ off/ up 擦凈/ 掉
wipe sth from sth 把........從........上擦掉
1) The whole village was _wiped out______ in the battle.
2) Wipe the writing __from____the blackboard.
3) “Men don’t cry,” she _B____, ______ the tears from my eyes.
a. said; wiped b. said; wiping c. saying; wiped d. saying; wiping
6. This will have a lasting effect upon the number of fish left for us to eat.
have an effect on/ upon … / have an influence on 對.........有影響
put/ bring sth into effect 使.........生效， 實(shí)施
come into effect 生效， 開始實(shí)施
take effect 開始起作用， 見效
1) The book __has a strong influence on me__________(對我有很大影響)
2) The plans will soon be ___put into effect___________________ (即將付諸實(shí)施)
3) New controls _come into effect____________ next month.（開始實(shí)施）
4) The medicine soon __took effect___________. （見效）
5) _B_______ by the traditional ideas, people often consider ______ unsuitable to wear white on the wedding ceremony.
a. affected; that b.affected ; it c. effected; that d. influencing; it
left for us to eat 過去分詞短語做fish 的定語。過去分詞做定語表示動作的完成，現(xiàn)在分詞做定語表示動作正在進(jìn)行，不定式做定語表示動作沒有發(fā)生。
1) There were many people _playing______ (play) outside.
2) The bridge _to be built______ next year is just between the one _built______ last year and the one __being built_______ now. (bulid)
3) Hopefully, the government will treat the __polluted_____ (pollute) water.
7．While we damage our environment, we keep...............
While
1． 當(dāng)..........時候， 指一段時間（=when）不能用來表示點(diǎn)時間。
__While / when_______ I was sleeping, a thief entered the house.
We were about to go shopping _when__ John dropped in.
2． 并列連詞 然而
Some people waste food _while__ others haven’t enough.
3． 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句 = though/ although
盡管我們意見不一致， 我們?nèi)匀皇桥笥选?/p>
__While we don’t agree, we continue to be friends.___
4． 只要，既然
It doesn’t matter what you do _while____ you are happy.
用作名詞，表示一段時間
for a while _一段時間_________ in a while __一會兒后 ____________
once in a while ___偶爾,間或_____
8. The world’s population has grown to more than six times what it was in 1800.
1) There are more than 40 students in this class. (more than + number )
2) When I asked them for help, they were more than glad to come. (more than +adj)
3) This dictonary is more than a dictionary. It’s like a grammar book. (more than + n )
4) What she said is more than he can understand. (more than +主+ can/ could + 謂語 )
5) She is more shy than unfriendly. (more…than…與其說.......不如說)
6) A boy of no more than six got on the bus.
A boy of not more than six got on the bus.
7)The book is not more expensive than that one.
__這本書沒有那本書貴___________
The book is no more expensive than that one.
___這本書和那本書都不貴_____
表示倍數(shù)的三個句型
這個房間是那個房間的三倍大。
1) This room is _three times _______as __large____ as that one.
2) This room is twice _bigger____ than that one.
3) This room is 3 times _the size of_______________ that one.
注意：The output of cars in 2006 is 7 times _that___(the output ) of 2000.
The output of cars in 2006 is 7 times _what____it was in 2000.
9. The figure is now approaching 6.5 billion people!
approach vt. 接近，靠近 n. 方法，入口，通路
①圣誕節(jié)快到了。_The Christmas Day is approaching.__
②他是一個難以接近的人。_He is a man hard to approach._____
③該題有多種解法。 _The question has many approaches.__
10. we should try to cut back on production..............
cut back (on) 削減，縮減 cut down 砍倒，減少
cut off 切斷，隔絕，停止供應(yīng) cut up 切碎
The doctor advised him to_cut back on____foods containing too much sugar.
King Charles had his head ___cut off________.
If you don’t pay the gas bill, it will be __cut off_________.
More and more trees are __cut down____________.
__Cut up_______ apples into small pieces before feeding it to the baby.
11. It would be beneficial to expand..............
beneficial adj. 有益的 be beneficial to 對……有益=be of benefit to
利益，好處，受益 v. 有益于 benefit from
① 好朋友對你一生有益。_A good friend is beneficial to you all your life__
② His words benefited me a lot. __他的話讓我受益匪淺
③ 每天鍛煉對我們有益。_We benefit from daily exercise___
12. It is obvious that you are very concerned about the present situation..........
It is obvious that............= Obviously.......
It is apparent that...........= Apparently......
concern vt 與..........有關(guān)， 引起.........的關(guān)心
這封信與你無關(guān)。_This letter does not concern you_________.
____這結(jié)果關(guān)系著每一個人。_ The result concerns everybody.
公主的結(jié)婚引起國內(nèi)所有人的關(guān)心。
The princess’s marriage ___concerns all the people in the country____.
n. 關(guān)心，擔(dān)心， 所關(guān)心的事，關(guān)系
have no concern with 與…無關(guān)
show concern for sb. 關(guān)心某人
I have no concern with the company.
She showed a great deal of concern for her son’s illness.
My greatest concern is the economy of China.
adj. be concerned about/for/over 關(guān)心/擔(dān)心
be concerned with 關(guān)注, 涉及
I’m concerned _about____ her safety.
The story is concerned _with_____ fairies.
prep concerning 關(guān)于
so/as far as sb(sth) be concerned 就............ 而言
Concerned parents discouraged kids from surfing websites concerning games.
__憂心忡忡的父母阻止孩子上關(guān)于游戲的網(wǎng)站___.
13. I’m often seen as being against the environment.
see…as將..........視為， 把...........看作
look on/ consider/ treat / regard/ think of........…as
他的朋友把他視為將來的流行歌手。
_His friends see him as a future pop star________
我決定把他的話當(dāng)作戲言。
_I decided to treat what he said as a joke.______
14. economic development is bad for the environment
economy n. 經(jīng)濟(jì) national economy 國民經(jīng)濟(jì)
economic adj. 經(jīng)濟(jì)的 economical adj. 節(jié)儉的，節(jié)約的
economics n. 經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) economist n. 經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家
environment n. 環(huán)境
environmental adj. 環(huán)境的，與環(huán)境有關(guān)的
environmentally adv. environmentalist n. 環(huán)境保護(hù)論者
other phrases in the reading:
follow our usual schedule 遵循往常的日程
open the floor for discussion 自由發(fā)言
grow to / climb to/ rise to/increase to 增長至
grow by / rise by/ increase by 增長了
give voice to sth=voice sth 表達(dá)
cut back/ down on 減少
My suggestion is that sb should do sth
be beneficial to 對……有益
a environmentally friendly way of living 環(huán)保的生活方式
be responsible for (doing) sth/ take responsibility to do/ for sth. 對……負(fù)責(zé)
the people running these factories 經(jīng)營這些工廠的人們
the key to success / the key to solving the problem 成功/解決問題的關(guān)鍵
preserve/ protect the environment 保護(hù)環(huán)境
be willing to do sth. 樂意干某事
pay slightly higher prices for 為……付更多的錢
Grammar & Task:
1. shock ⑴vt. 使震驚，使震動
eg. It shocked me to think how close we had come to being killed.
想到我們差一點(diǎn)喪命，我就非常害怕。
_What he had done shocked us most________.
他的所作所為讓我們很震驚。
⑵ n.[c] 令人震驚的事件（情況）消息
____A_________ it is to hear that the factory would have to close.
A. What a shock B. What shock
C. How a shock D. How shock
① Earthquake shocks are often felt in Japan. _在日本經(jīng)常可以感覺出地震.__
② 他的死使全家人十分震驚。__His death was a great shock to the family.__
③ get a shock from a wire _碰著電線而觸電.________
④ in shock 處于休克狀態(tài)
⑤ I was shocked by/ at his rudeness __我對他的粗魯感到震驚.__
2. arrest vt./n. 逮捕，拘留
arrest sb. for sth. under house arrest 軟禁
be put/ held/ placed under arrest 被捕，在拘留中
3. watch the arrivals very closely
closely adv. 強(qiáng)調(diào)程度上“嚴(yán)密地，緊密地，相似地，仔細(xì)地。
close adv. 強(qiáng)調(diào)空間距離上近。
Don’t stand too _close____ to the dog. 別離狗太近。
He listened _closely_____to me. 他仔細(xì)地聽我講話。
We were so _closely____ packed in the lift that I could hardly move.
我們緊緊地擠在電梯里，我?guī)缀鮿訌棽涣恕?/p>
4. decrease 減少，減小 （反義詞：increase）
decrease in … 在……方面減少
decrease by… 減少了（數(shù)量）
decrease to… 減少到（結(jié)果）
_Population_ growth is decreasing _by_1.4% each year.每年人口的增長減少了1.4%。
The boss is going to __decrease___ __his___ __pay__.老板準(zhǔn)備減少他的報酬。
The membership decreased __to_____ 150. 會員數(shù)減少到150人。
Since 1945, air forces have decreased ___in____ __size_____.
1945年以來，空軍的數(shù)量已經(jīng)有了減少。
5. stock vt. 貯備，進(jìn)貨，使具備
n. 存貨，進(jìn)貨，股票
stock.......with........ be stocked with
in stock/out of stock 有現(xiàn)貨/脫銷（缺貨）
The store is well __stocked with___(儲存) foreign videos.
_The bookshelf is stocked with lots of books_._這書架上有好多書.
We have every size of shoes _in stock_._本店備有各種尺寸鞋子的 現(xiàn)貨。
I’m sorry, this size is_out of stock_.很報歉，這個尺寸沒有現(xiàn)貨。
6. measure ⑴n. 措施，方法，程度
⑵vt. 測量（長度，大小，重量等）
The centimeter is a __measure__ of length. 厘米是長度的單位。
The tailor _measured____ me for a suit. 裁縫量了我的尺寸好做西裝。
拓展: take measures/steps to do sth. 采取措施做……
beyond measure 非常地，過度地
in large measure/ in some measure 在很大/某種程度上
take one’s measure 量.........的尺寸；判斷........的性格
Phrases in the Word Power/Grammar/Task:
problems associated with the environment: 和環(huán)境有聯(lián)系的問題
cause damage to
do harm to = be harmful to對……有害
write in 致函；寫信表意見
clean up 清理；打掃干凈
customs officers 海關(guān)關(guān)員
come over to 過來
watch the arrivals closely 仔細(xì)地觀察到達(dá)者
on/ upon taking off his jacket 一脫下他的夾克
in the best possible way 用最好最好的方法
build the economy 開發(fā)經(jīng)濟(jì)
natural disasters 自然災(zāi)害
the solutions to desertification 沙漠化的解決方法
combat desertification 抗擊沙漠化
take steps to stop the process of desertification 采取措施來阻止沙漠化進(jìn)程
in the form of 以……的形式
pick out 挑選出；辨認(rèn)出
on account of/ due to/ because of 因?yàn)椋挥捎?/p>
present your point of view 表達(dá)你的觀點(diǎn)
Project Protecting the Yangtze River
1. Rapid agricultural and industrial development plus huge population growth has meant that not only is the amount of water taken from the river rising, but the waste being put back into the river has been increasing.工農(nóng)業(yè)的飛速發(fā)展，加上人口的迅猛增長，不僅意味著從長江的取水量在增長，同時回放到長江的廢棄物也在增加。
短語Not only ….but (also)…連接兩個并列句。前面的分句要用倒裝句式。
否定詞放在句首，常引起倒裝。這些詞有 never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, at no time, neither, nor, little, not only, not until, no sooner等
1).Not only _had___ he _read___the book, but also he remembered what he had read.
他不但讀過此書，而且還記得所讀的內(nèi)容。
2)Never _have___ I _been__ abroad.
我從來沒有出過國
3) No sooner _had__I _finished__my homework than the lights _went__ _out__._
我剛作完作業(yè)就停電了。
2. This is not good news for the people who live in all the towns and cities along the Yangtze River and who rely on it for water這對于住在長江沿岸的城鎮(zhèn)的人們和依靠它獲得水源的人們來說不是好消息。
rely on/upon 依賴，依靠，信任，信賴
rely on /upon sb. to do sth. 指望某人做某事，相信某人會做
rely on /upon it that 相信.......（事情），指望.....（事情）
1) You may not rely on the weather report. 天氣預(yù)報不足為信。
2) I rely on her paying back the money = I rely on her _to_ _pay_ _back_the money
我相信她會還錢的
3) Don’t rely on my seeing you off. _不要指望我為你送行。____
4) You may rely on it that he will come to meet you. _你放心好了，他會來接你___.
3. endanger v. 使……陷于危險，使……危險，危及, 危害
in danger處于危險中
out of danger脫險
dangerous adj.
The polluted air in the city is badly endangering the health of the residents.
城里被污染的空氣正嚴(yán)重地危及居民的健康。
_Smoking endangers your health_. 吸煙危害你的健康。 The giant panda is an endangered species.大熊貓是面臨絕種危險的動物。
He told me the girl was in danger, so we went to help her.
4. Two special government projects are also under way to protect the river.
under way: having started and making progress:已經(jīng)開始并進(jìn)行著
under consideration 在考慮中
under construction 在建設(shè)中
under contact 在聯(lián)系中
under discussion 在討論中
under investigation 在調(diào)查中
under repair 在修理中
under trial 在受審中
5. The Yangtze River is home to a diverse range of fish and animals…
home of/ to …的故鄉(xiāng)， …的發(fā)源地
range 范圍，變化，區(qū)域；（變化，差異的）幅度，差距。如：
a diverse range of fish 多種魚類
beyond the range of … 超過……的范圍 within the range of … 在…范圍之內(nèi)
He has a wide range of knowledge. 他知識廣博。
_a wide range of interests._ 興趣廣泛
It is _beyond the range of my ability.__ 這件事超出了我的能力范圍。
The work is _within the range of our responsibilities. _ 這工作在我們的責(zé)任范圍之內(nèi)。
6. Boats are prohibited from entering this area in order to keep the dolphins safe.
prohibit vt. 禁止，阻止
prohibition n. 禁止，禁令
prohibit sb. from doing sth.. 禁止某人做某事，使某人不能做某事
1) __Smoking is prohibited in this hospital.__
本醫(yī)院內(nèi)禁止抽煙。
2) Minors __are prohibited from drinking_.
未成年人禁止喝酒。
3) His poor eyesight__ prohibited him from becoming a pilot_.
他因視力弱而不能當(dāng)飛行員。
7. We believe that the efforts of the Chinese government and the Chinese people to
protect this much-loved river will be appreciated for years to come by future
generations.
我們相信，中國政府和人民為了保護(hù)這條深受大家喜愛的河流所作出的努力會為
后人所感激的。
effort n. 努力，艱難的嘗試，努力的結(jié)果，
make an effort / efforts to do 作出努力
make every effort 盡一切努力
spare no effort 不遺余力
without effort 毫不費(fèi)力地
1) I will _make every effort to arrive on time_.
我將進(jìn)一切努力準(zhǔn)時到達(dá)。
2) He did it _without effort_.
他毫不費(fèi)力地做完了那件事。
3) His efforts were much appreciated.
__大家都夸他很努力__。
appreciate vt. 賞識， 欣賞， 感激
appreciation n. 賞識， 欣賞， 感激
appreciate doing sth. 感激 做某事
appreciate one /one’s doing sth. 感激 某人做某事
I would appreciate it if… 如果............. 我將不勝感激
1) She shows little or no appreciation of good music.
她對于好的音樂鮮有或沒有欣賞的能力。
2) I really appreciate __your coming to the party__.
你能來參加這次聚會我太高興啦。
3) We appreciate __your efforts for the development of the company__.
我們感謝你對公司的發(fā)展所做的努力。
Other phrases:
raise concern both nationally and internationally/ both at home and abroad 引起國內(nèi)外關(guān)注
result in/ lead to/ cause 導(dǎo)致 result from 由……所致
endangered species 瀕臨滅絕的物種
recognize the importance of doing sth 認(rèn)識到做……的重要性
assess the river 評估河流
a nature reserve for.......... .............的自然保護(hù)區(qū)
the lower reaches of the river 下游