瑞安市玉海中學 劉麗霞
[摘要] 電腦的發(fā)明及發(fā)展使人類進入了信息社會。信息技術(shù)與學科教學的整合，要求廣大教師在學科的教學中廣泛利用信息技術(shù)手段，努力培養(yǎng)學生的創(chuàng)新能力和實踐能力。我校從創(chuàng)辦開始就一直提倡信息技術(shù)與課程整合，實現(xiàn)了多媒體教學進入每一間教室。多媒體網(wǎng)絡化教學成為教學的常規(guī)手段。如何有效地使用現(xiàn)代教育技術(shù)，充分發(fā)揮信息資源的優(yōu)勢以促進學生的學習是我們每一個老師認真思考和探討的問題。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 信息技術(shù) 英語學科 整合
[正文]
一、 案例背景
多媒體技術(shù)和網(wǎng)絡技術(shù)的高速發(fā)展為信息技術(shù)和學科教學的整合提供了理想的資源與環(huán)境。新課程標準提出教師要充分利用現(xiàn)代教育技術(shù)，開發(fā)英語教學資源，拓寬學生學習渠道，改進學生的學習方式，提高學生的學習效率。要利用計算機和多媒體軟件教學，促進學生的個性化學習。新課程標準也提出在教學中應增加開放性的任務型活動，提倡任務型教學，提高學生的自主學習能力。信息技術(shù)和任務型教學的整合打破了傳統(tǒng)的教學模式，提高了學生的學習興趣，有利于學生的互動學習，使學生成為學習的主體，完成設定的目標任務，從而使學生能主動、自主地學習知識和提高語言技能，增進對外國文化的理解，達到綜合語言運用能力的提高。
下面是高一英語新教材（下）unit 14 Festivals，period 3的教學實踐案例。
二、 案例過程
“The Birth of a Festival”網(wǎng)絡教學設計方案
Ⅰ、學習目標與任務
1） 學習目標
語言技能目標：
﹡ Know something about Kwanzaa, such as the background of the festival, the aim of creating such a festival etc.
﹡ Learn some new words and phrases.
能力目標：
﹡ Develop the ability of searching、gaining、consulting and integrating information.
﹡ Develop the ability of reading as well as other abilities.
﹡ Develop the ability of creating.
情感目標：
﹡ Develop the ability of cooperating
﹡ Get the students to know the aim of creating festivals.
2) 學習任務
﹡ 課前：學生分小組查找有關(guān)Chinese Spring Festival 和Christmas 的資料，整理并呈現(xiàn)書面報告。
﹡ 課上：教師通過不同的任務，引導學生閱讀課文，再以生生編對話、學生合作討論等互動式的學習方式，對學習的內(nèi)容進行歸納總結(jié)和提高。
﹡ 課后給出網(wǎng)站，自由查找一個節(jié)日，寫一篇有關(guān)節(jié)日的文章。
Ⅱ、學習者分析：
學生對于節(jié)日比較感興趣,也喜歡搜集這方面的材料,因此學習有一定的主動性.再加上多媒體的介入,使課堂更加生動活潑,豐富了課堂教學的內(nèi)容,拓展了學生的知識面。
Ⅲ、教學過程
Step 1 Lead-in
以flash<<More than I can say>> 導入新課（上該課時正值情人節(jié)），輕快的歌曲和美麗的畫面立刻引起了學生的注意。
T: What day is it today?
Ss: Today is Feb,14th
Ss all know that Feb,14 is Valentine’s Day. So ask some more questions:
T: How much do you know about Valentine’s Day ?
What do lovers usually do on that day?
How does Valentine’s Day come from? Do you know the history?
說明：通過情人節(jié)自然引出西方的節(jié)日，flash調(diào)動了學生的注意力，活躍了氣氛，為課文的處理做了鋪墊。
Step 2 Pre-reading
T: There are many festivals in the world. Which festival do you think is the most important in China? How about in the west?
Make a comparison
To the Chinese people, the Spring Festival is the most popular. It is as important as Christmas in West.
Get the Ss to report
Chinese Spring Festival Christmas
Time From the first day to the 4th day of the first lunar month On Dec. 25th
Preparation Cleaning, hair cut, buying new clothes and so on Cleaning, buying presents, decorating Christmas trees, etc
Special food New Year Cake, dumplings candies, cookies
Presents Foods,fruits,clothing, etc Christmas decorations,drinks,fruits
Activities Meals, visits, Family reunion,meals
Purpose Saying goodbye to the old year and welcome the new year Celebrating the birth of Jesus Christ
Question :Do you think festivals help us understand culture and history?
說明：通過比較兩個重要的節(jié)日，讓學生把已經(jīng)準備好的材料報告出來，使學生能有表現(xiàn)自己的機會，同時對Chinese Spring Festival和Christmas 有一個更深的了解，問題Do you think festivals help us understand culture and history? 為創(chuàng)設節(jié)日的意義討論埋下伏筆。
Step 3 Reading
1.Skimming
T: Today we are going to learn about another festival-Kwanzaa. It is an important festival to African Americans. I have divided the passage into 4 parts. Please read the passage quickly and find out the main idea of each part.
Part 1 Para 1&2 background information of creating Kwanzaa
Part 2 Para 3-8 seven principles
Part 3 Para 9 detailed information of Kwanzaa
Part 4 Para 10 effects of creating festivals
說明：通過速讀，概括每部分的大意，使學生對文章有一個簡單的了解，同時訓練了學生的組織和運用語言的能力及速讀的能力。
2.Scanning
1) Part 1
Get the Ss to read part 1 slowly with the questions in mind
Who created Kwanzaa? In which year?
Why did he create Kwanzaa?
What characteristics did the African first fruit festival have?
2) Part 2
Get the Ss to read part 2 slowly with the question in mind
What are the seven principles?
After Ss answered, get the Ss to work in pairs to think about a question,
Which one do you think is the most important? Why?
Get several pairs to report.
下面是有些學生的觀點：
S1: Unity, if we don’t unite together, we can’t do anything.
S2: Purpose, because purpose can make us do better.
S3: Creativity, we can’t live without it.
S4: Faith, we should have belief in our mind.
3) Part 3
Get the Ss to read part 3 slowly with the questions in mind
Why did Dr.Karenga decide the dates one day after the Christmas?
How do African Americans celebrate Kwanzaa?
4) Part 4
Get the Ss to read the last paragraph and find out what effects will bring by creating a festival.
(以上答案見課件)
說明：學生對文章有一個簡單的了解后轉(zhuǎn)入細讀每一部分，使學生對文章有更深入的了解，同時訓練了學生獲取信息、處理信息和傳達信息的能力。討論題Which one do you think is the most important? Why? 給了學生一個思維和想象的空間，使學生有機會表達自己的想法。
Step 4 Summary
1) Watch the video to revise what we have learnt
2) Do “True” or “False” statement
1. Kwanzaa is a very old festival.
2. The word Kwanzaa means first fruit in Swahili.
3. Kwanzaa is based on old African festival.
4. Kwanzaa is celebrated on the same day as Christmas.
5. People who celebrate Kwanzaa light a candle for each of the seven principles.
6. Creating festivals helps people to understand the history and economy.
（答案見課件)
說明：通過“True” or “False” statement, 使學生鞏固所學書本知識并能正確判斷有關(guān)Kwanzaa的內(nèi)容。
Step 5 Post-reading
1) Interview
Ss work in pairs, playing the roles of a journalist and an African American, make an interview. Then the teacher invites some pairs to act out the interview.
Model: J- journalist A- African American
J: Good morning, I’m from Ruian Daily. I’d like to know about Kwanzaa. May I ask you a few questions?
A: Sure
J: When was the Kwanzaa born?
A:……….
說明：通過這項活動，使學生們把已有的語言知識轉(zhuǎn)化成口頭的語言，提高了他們的語言應用能力和對語言的組織能力。
2) Comparison
Get the Ss to work in pairs , compare Kwanzaa with Chinese Spring Festival and Christmas. In which way are they similar and how are they different?
3) Discussion
With the development of China, many cities are creating various festivals to develop their economy ,for example, Ruian Bar Culture Festival, Shangdong Weifang Kite festival. Our school will hold the second Campus Culture festival…….What effects do these festivals bring? Good effects or bad ones?
Divide the Ss into two groups, one for good effects and one for bad effects.
To encourage them the teacher will give one point to a piece of effect.
下面是學生的觀點：
Good effects Bad effects
Develop the economy A waste of money
Help understand each other A waste of time
Keep the culture alive Bring pollution
Share the happiness make some people tired
…… ……
說明：通過這兩項活動，使學生充分調(diào)動已有的語言知識，發(fā)展了他們的批判性思維能力和創(chuàng)新精神，使學生的綜合素質(zhì)得到發(fā)展。
Step 6 Homework
1) retell the text
2) read a supplementary material “The history of Valentine’s Day”
3) Write a festival including :a the history of the festival
b the reason for its creation
c the principles of the festival
d the activities during the festival
Consult the website: www.holidays.net
說明：要求學生把自己整理的有關(guān)節(jié)日的資料組織成一篇文章，批改后
可以將優(yōu)秀的上傳到玉海中學網(wǎng)站，對學生的寫作是一種鼓勵，也是一種促進。
三、 案例思考
1.Internet 網(wǎng)絡教學具有信息量大，交互性強，知識新，趣味性強等特點，但有時也不乏垃圾。所以教師必須課前提煉信息并把相關(guān)網(wǎng)站提供給學生，這樣才能提高他們的學習效率，增加獲取信息的數(shù)量，掌握更多的知識。
2.在設計任務時，教師應以學生的生活經(jīng)驗和興趣為出發(fā)點。我在布置學生預習時，叫學生去找自己感興趣的一個節(jié)日的有關(guān)信息，幾乎全體學生都有去找，再加上提供了網(wǎng)站，學生獲取信息的時間短了，信息量多了，也愿意去做了。
3.網(wǎng)絡教學可以提供足夠的信息支持他們的探索和設想，能力和創(chuàng)造力在不知不覺中得到了鍛煉，是培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)新精神和學習能力的有效方法。我在教學中讓學生比較寬札節(jié)和春節(jié)及圣誕節(jié)的異同，說出創(chuàng)建節(jié)日的好處及壞處，學生利用已找到的資料，節(jié)省了比較的時間，同時發(fā)展了他們的批判性思維能力和創(chuàng)新精神。
4.網(wǎng)絡教學轉(zhuǎn)變了教師在教學中的角色，不僅僅成為知識的傳授者，而且成為學生學習的促進者、指導者、組織者、幫助者和評價者。教師在設計任務時能使學生成為真正的學習主體。
5.有利于培養(yǎng)和提高教師與學生借助多媒體和網(wǎng)絡獲取信息、處理信息和利用信息的能力，追求教學的最優(yōu)組合。信息技術(shù)和英語學科的整合將使我們的教學手段更多樣化，具有層次性，給學生創(chuàng)造一個更適合學習的開放的語言環(huán)境，使我們的英語教學跟上現(xiàn)代教育的需要。