高一英語(yǔ)導(dǎo)學(xué)提綱
M4U1 Advertising Grammar直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)
課前導(dǎo)學(xué)
一、閱讀課本P8的內(nèi)容，完成P9的文章。
二、閱讀課本P10的內(nèi)容，完成P11Part A and Part B。
三、直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)的簡(jiǎn)要介紹
（一）定義
引述某人的話一般采用兩種形式：一種是直接引語(yǔ)（Direct Speech），即原封不動(dòng)地引用原話，把它放在引號(hào)內(nèi)；另一種是間接引語(yǔ)（Indirect Speech），即用自己的話加以轉(zhuǎn)述，被轉(zhuǎn)述的內(nèi)容不放在引號(hào)內(nèi)。
He said, “I will choose a book for my students.”
他說(shuō)：“我將為學(xué)生選一本書(shū)。”
He said that he would choose a book for his student.
他說(shuō)他將為學(xué)生選一本書(shū)。
（二）間接引語(yǔ)的變化
直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)以及主謂語(yǔ)詞序往往要作相應(yīng)的變化。
質(zhì)疑討論
請(qǐng)?zhí)岢鲱A(yù)習(xí)中存在的問(wèn)題。
拓展延伸
看下面的講解，思考并完成下面的填空。
（一） 間接引語(yǔ)中的詞語(yǔ)變化
1. 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的變化：
He said to me, “Don’t buy it!” = He told me not to buy it.
2. 語(yǔ)序的變化： 疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序。
He said to me, “Do you live in London?”
= He asked me if/whether I lived in London.
3. 動(dòng)詞的變化： say (to)在陳述句中多變?yōu)閠ell等詞，在疑問(wèn)句中多變?yōu)閍sk等詞，在祈使句中表示命令多變?yōu)閠ell, order等詞，表請(qǐng)求時(shí)多變?yōu)閍sk等詞。
He said to me, “Could you please live in London?”
= He asked me if/whether I could live in London.= He asked me to live in London.
4.時(shí)態(tài)的變化
(1) 如果主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，間接引語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)保持不變。
(2) 如果主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，間接引語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)作如下變化：
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 一般將來(lái)時(shí)
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
一般過(guò)去時(shí)
(3)但是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)保持不變。
(4)表示過(guò)去具體年份的狀語(yǔ)不變
(5)表示真理，格言，諺語(yǔ)等不受時(shí)間限制的句子不變。
(6) 強(qiáng)調(diào)所談情況仍然存在時(shí)不變。
She said that the bus leaves at 5:40. (公交車尚未開(kāi)走)
(7)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也要變成相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)：
can→could； may→might； must→had to
5. 人稱代詞的變化
歌訣巧記人稱變化：
人稱變更怎么辦？ “一主(1)、二賓(2)、三不變”(3)
若是自引自的話， 聽(tīng)者不變稱不變。
(1)“一主”指在直接引語(yǔ)中的第一人稱變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要和主句中的主語(yǔ)在人稱上保持一致。如： He said，“I am forty.” →He said that he was forty．
(2)“二賓”指直接引語(yǔ)中的第二人稱變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要和主句中的間接賓語(yǔ)保持人稱一致。如：
He said，“Are you coming tomorrow？”→He asked me if I was coming the next day．
(3)“三不變”指直接引語(yǔ)中的第三人稱變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，人稱不變。如：
He said，“Is she an English teacher？”→He asked if she was an English teacher．
注：直接引語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)，引述者主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)，間接引語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)相應(yīng)變復(fù)數(shù)。如：
He said，“Are you interested in it？”→He asked me/us if I was/we were interested in it．
6.一變、二換、三變化、四連詞：
（1）直接引語(yǔ)為一般疑問(wèn)句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)的口訣是：
去掉引號(hào)加if（或whether）， 陳述語(yǔ)序要記住;
時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和狀語(yǔ)， 小心變化別馬虎。
（2）直接引語(yǔ)是特殊疑問(wèn)句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)的口訣是：
直接去引號(hào)， 陳述莫忘掉;
助動(dòng)do（does）、did， 一定要去掉。
（3）直接引語(yǔ)為祈使句變間接引語(yǔ)：
去掉引號(hào)要加to， asked、ordered加“告訴”（told），
直引若為否定句， not加在to前部。
7. 指示代詞，地點(diǎn)副詞，動(dòng)詞, 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的變化
(1)指示代詞的變化：
this these
(2)地點(diǎn)副詞的變化：
here now
(3)動(dòng)詞的變化：
come bring
(4)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的變化：
today tonight that night
yesterday /
yesterday morning the morning before
tomorrow the next day
tomorrow morning
this week/month/year
last week/month/year
next week /month/year
3 days ago
the day after tomorrow in 2 days’ time
（二）直接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換成間接引語(yǔ)的幾種特殊形式
1.直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句
當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句時(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)換成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)通常將祈使句改為動(dòng)詞不定式形式。如：
2.直接引語(yǔ)是表述建議、要求、同意、推測(cè)、判斷的陳述句
如果直接引語(yǔ)是表述建議、要求、同意、推測(cè)、判斷的陳述句，轉(zhuǎn)換成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)可以改為動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)詞的-ing形式或含虛擬語(yǔ)氣的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：
Mary said to Bob, “You’d better ask your parents for some advice.”
a. Mary advised / wished Bob to ask his parents for some advice.
b. Mary suggested Bob / Bob’s asking his parents for some advice.
c. Mary advised / suggested that Bob (should) ask his parents for some advice.
3.直接引語(yǔ)是表示建議、要求或征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)類特殊疑問(wèn)句
一般情況下，直接引語(yǔ)是特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，通常把原來(lái)的疑問(wèn)詞作為連接代詞或連接副詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。但當(dāng)特殊疑問(wèn)句表示建議、要求或征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)時(shí)，特殊疑問(wèn)句通常還可改為動(dòng)詞不定式、或動(dòng)詞的-ing形式或含虛擬語(yǔ)氣的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：
“Why don’t you go swimming with us this weekend?” Jim said to me.
a. Jim asked me why I didn’t go swimming with them that weekend.
b. Jim asked / advised / wished me to go swimming with them that weekend.
c. Jim suggested me / my going swimming with them that weekend.
d. Jim advised / suggested that I should go swimming with them that weekend.
4.直接引語(yǔ)是表示請(qǐng)求、建議、要求或征求意見(jiàn)類一般疑問(wèn)句可以改為動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)詞的-ing形式或含虛擬語(yǔ)氣的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：
“Could you please turn up your radio a little?” Bruce said to John.
a. Bruce asked John if / whether he could turn up his radio a little.
b. Bruce asked / told John to turn up his radio a little.
c. Bruce suggested John turning up his radio a little.
d. Bruce suggested John (should) turn up his radio a little.
5.直接引語(yǔ)是祝福語(yǔ)
當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)是祝福語(yǔ)，轉(zhuǎn)換為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以用say something to someone; wish someone to be / have ... 形式。如：
“Happy birthday to you, Alice!” Gary said.
a. Gary said “Happy birthday” to Alice.
b. Gary wished Alice to have a happy birthday.
6.直接引語(yǔ)是感嘆句
當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)是感嘆句時(shí)，可以轉(zhuǎn)換為以原來(lái)的感嘆詞what或how所引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句；也可以用that把原來(lái)的感嘆句改為賓語(yǔ)從句。如：
We said: “What a clever monkey it is!”
a. We said what a clever monkey it was.
b. We said that it was a clever monkey.
遷移創(chuàng)新
1.He said to me, “I’ve known you since you came to this place.”
2.He said to me, “Did you come yesterday, a few days ago or last Sunday?”
3. She said, “He will come here again tonight.”
4.Tom said to Kate, “You speak English better than me.
5.Tom asked Mike, “Does she often come to school late?”
6.He said, “The earth turns around the sun.”
7.He said, “When I got to London, she had lived there for years.”
8. He said, “I will live in London next year.”
KEYS
1.He told me that he had known me since I went to that place.
2. He asked me if/whether I had gone the day before, a few days before or the Sunday before.
3. She said that he would go there again that night.
4. Tom told Kate that she spoke English better than him.
5.Tom asked Mike if/whether she often went to school late.
6. He said that the earth turns around the sun.
7. He said that when he got to London, she had lived there for years.
8. He said that he would live in London the next year.
英語(yǔ)學(xué)科校本作業(yè)
班級(jí)_____ 姓名_________ 學(xué)號(hào)_____
請(qǐng)將下列直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ)。
1. “I'm glad to receive your e-mail,” said he.
________________________________________________
2. He said to me, “Are you going home this weekend?”
________________________________________________
3. “How do you like the food here?” said she.
________________________________________________
4. She said to me, “Don't ride in the street.”
________________________________________________
5. “Stand where you are!” the police said to the young man.
________________________________________________
6.She said, "We have worked on the school farm for two weeks."
7.He said, "I'm reviewing my lessons."
8.They said, "We arrived this morning."
請(qǐng)?jiān)谙铝锌瞻滋幪钌线m當(dāng)?shù)脑~語(yǔ)，使句意不變。
1．She said, “Are you from the south?”
She asked ________ I ________ from the south.
2. Mom said to me, “Don't tell a lie.”
Mom ________ me ________ ________ tell a lie.
3．Susan said to me, “We visited the Red Star Farm last week.”
Susan told me that ________ ________ ________ the Red Star Farm ________ ________ ________.
4．Mr Paul said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.”
Mr Paul ________ us that light ________ faster than sound.
5．“Go and post the letters,” the manager said to him.
The manager ________ him ________ ________ and post the letters.
參考答案： I.
1. He said that he was glad to receive my e-mail.
2. He asked me if/whether I was going home that weekend.
3. She asked how I liked the food there.
4. She told me not to ride in the street.
5. The police ordered the young man to stand where he was.
6 . She said that they had worked on the school farm for two weeks.
7. He said that he was reviewing his lessons.
8. They said that they had arrived that morning.
II. 1. if / whether; was 2. told; not to
3. they had visited; the week before 4. told; travels
5. told; to go