江華一中結(jié)構(gòu)化教案表
課 題 Module 6 Unit 1 grammar and usage
課型 新授課 課 時(shí) 2
教
學(xué)
目
標(biāo) 知識(shí)與
技能 ① Master the usage of present tenses.
② Practice about the four kinds of present tenses.
過程與
方法 ① Make the students have a general idea of the tenses in this period by reading and analyzing the sentences from the reading text.
② Make the students master the usage of the Grammar by discussing in pairs and summing up the example sentences by themselves.
情感、態(tài)度、價(jià)值觀 ① To make the students aware of the importance of present tenses in Grammar learning and English study.
② To make the students aware of some good behaviors.
重
點(diǎn) the simple present tense; the present continuous tense;
the present perfect tense; the present perfect continuous tense
難
點(diǎn) Some special usage of present tenses.
教
具 Multi-media
教學(xué)
過程
設(shè)計(jì)
步驟與內(nèi)容部分主要填寫：（1）步驟及名稱；（2）關(guān)鍵性過渡語(yǔ)言；（3）關(guān)鍵性提問；（4）例題、課堂練習(xí)及解題方法；（5）師生行為方式；（6）各步所需時(shí)間。
步 驟 與 內(nèi) 容 師生行為 時(shí)間
Step 1: Lead-in
Analyze the following sentences about their tenses.
the simple present tense; the present continuous tense;
the present perfect tense; the present perfect continuous tense
現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)基本形式
時(shí)態(tài) 主動(dòng) 被動(dòng)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) am/is/are; do/does am/is/are done
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) be (am/is/are) doing am/is/are being done
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) have/has done have/has been done
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) have/has been doing /
T:從閱讀文章中找出相關(guān)時(shí)態(tài)的句子。既可以幫助學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)課文內(nèi)容，又可以讓學(xué)生體會(huì)本堂課的目標(biāo)內(nèi)容。
Ss：讀句子，分析句子所用的時(shí)態(tài)與原因。
T: 呈現(xiàn)目標(biāo)，幫助學(xué)生回憶復(fù)習(xí)基本結(jié)構(gòu)。
5分鐘
Step3: Grammar: general knowledge of present tenses.
I The present tense Structure : be (am/ is/ are) do/ does +v.
1. 表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常和often, always, usually, sometimes, every day, once a week 等表示頻率的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用.
他每天晚飯后散步。
He takes a walk after supper every day.
我母親和父親在同一家公司工作。
My mother works at the same company as my father.
我們總是相互關(guān)心相互幫助。
We always care for each other and help each other.
2. 表示客觀事實(shí)或普通真理.(不受時(shí)態(tài)限制)
A couple of days ago, I learnt from my teacher that the earth moves/moved around the sun.
兩天前，我從我的老師那里了解到了地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。
日本位于中國(guó)的東方。
Japan lies to the east of China.
太陽(yáng)東升西落。
Last night, I told my kid that the sun _____(rise) in the east and ____ (set) in the west.
Match:
1). My mother loves classical music. 現(xiàn)在情況
2). My father visits his parents once a week. 經(jīng)常發(fā)生
3). When I was very young, my granny told me the earth is round and most rivers flow into seas and oceans. 客觀真理
3. 在口語(yǔ)中，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常可表示按規(guī)定、時(shí)間表、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的事情，常有一個(gè)表示未來的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。
The exhibition ______on May 1st and ______ at the end of June. (open; close)
The plane _________at 11:30 and ________ in Shanghai at 1:20.(take off; arrive)
______there a film on tonight? (be)
4. 在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
I’ll give her the notebook ____________.
Tell me_________________________.
He will keep the work ______________________.
I can’t leave ____________________.
除非老板同意，否則我不能走。
1. 條件狀語(yǔ)從句 if, in case, as/so long as, unless (除非)
2. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
when, whenever, each time, every time, as soon as, the moment, the minute, the second
3. 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 no matter + 疑問詞
Examples
You can go out to play as long as you stay in the back yard.
We will have to put off the sports meeting if it rains tomorrow.
Each time I meet him, he will give me some advice.
I’ll return the book to him the moment I see him next week.
I’ll write to him when I have finished the book.
If she hasn’t gone to bed when you see her, tell her to give me a ring.
T：與學(xué)生集體回憶其基本用法，并指導(dǎo)翻譯。
Ss:通過改錯(cuò)，考察自己是否了解，是否能夠歸納要點(diǎn)。并且通過填空，翻譯的練習(xí)進(jìn)行鞏固。
T：歸納法。
T：引導(dǎo)學(xué)生通過做題對(duì)它們進(jìn)行歸納復(fù)習(xí)。
Ss:大聲朗讀句子，體會(huì)時(shí)態(tài)與連詞的同用。
II. Present continuous tense Structure be (am/ is/ are) +ving
1. 表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
-what are you doing? -I am writing a letter.
It’s raining heavily now, so we must stay inside.
Recently the number of people fined for speaking on their mobile phones while
they are driving has increased greatly.
表示“在做某事的過程中”，此時(shí)動(dòng)作不一定正在發(fā)生。
2. 表示目前經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，然而此時(shí)動(dòng)作不一定正在進(jìn)行之中
But scientists are working hard to turn them into realities．
The write is writing a novel these days．
3. 表示按計(jì)劃、方案或安排而進(jìn)行的將來的動(dòng)作。在這種情況下謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如come，go， leave，move，die，start，stop，arrive等，及少數(shù)延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如spend，stay等。
She is leaving for Guangzhou next week．
We are spending the whole summer holiday in Beijing soon．
4. 與副詞forever，always，constantly等連用，表示贊成、厭煩、生氣等情緒
She is always talking loudly at the meeting．
She is constantly changing her mind．
He is forever complaining about his salary．
She is always doing fine work at school.
Jane is always thinking of her work.
5. Notes: 以下四類動(dòng)詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。
A 表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動(dòng)詞 like, love, hate, agree, want …
B 表示存在狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞 appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, belong to, depend on…
C 表示瞬間動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞 allow, accept, permit, promise, admit…
D 表示感官的動(dòng)詞 see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look…
Consolidation: 1. Translation:
John is nodding his head. 他頻頻點(diǎn)頭
He is jumping up and down. 他上下地跳著。
He is being terribly friendly to us. 他對(duì)我們表現(xiàn)得友好至極。
The train is arriving. 火車即將到達(dá)。
The Boeing 747 is taking off. 那架波音747即將起飛。
The old man is dying. 老人病已垂危。
Consolidation: 2. Comparison:
Sound : The idea sounds great. Why is the driver sounding his horn?
See : I _____what you mean. He _________the doctor now.
Smell: The roses _______nice. I ___________ the roses now.
Lie : People _________on the beach . The city _____on the coast.
Consolidation: 3. T/F
What are you thinking about?
What are you thinking of the film?
What are you looking for?
You’re looking quite well.
Which judge is hearing the case?
She doesn’t hear very well.
We are having a discussion.
Are you have any questions?
鞏固練習(xí)
1. The house belongs to my aunt but she __ here any more.
A. hasn’t lived B. didn’t live C. hadn’t lived D. doesn’t live
2. As you can see, the number of cars on our roads ___ rising these days.
A. was keeping B. keep C. keeps D. were keeping
3. I have to go to work by taxi because my car ___ at the garage.
A. will be repaired B. is repaired
C. is being repaired D. has been repaired
4. The father as well as his three children ___ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.
A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going
5. ---I don’t suppose the police know who did it.
--- Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and ___ now.
A. has been questioned B. is being questioned
C. is questioning D. has questioned
6. Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane ____.
A. takes off B. is taking off(即將起飛)
C. has taken off D. took off
7. The building around the corner caught fire last night. The police are now ___ the matter.
A. seeing through B. working out C. looking into D. watching over
8. (2003北京) Come and see me whenever ____.
A. you are convenient B. you will be convenient
C. it is convenient to you D. it will be convenient to you
9. (2004重慶卷) You can eat food free in my restaurant ____ you like.
A. whenever B. wherever C. whatever D. however
III. The present perfect tense Structure: have/ has + done
1. 表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的經(jīng)歷
He has hosted the show eight times.
他已經(jīng)連續(xù)八次主持表演。
We have been to the Great Wall many times.
我們已去過長(zhǎng)城多次。
2 表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍留下某種后果和影響。
Doctors have found that people who laugh a lot live longer!
The earthquake has given him a miserable impression.
3. 表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去但持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。
My mother has been ill for three days. 我媽媽已經(jīng)生病3天。
Most of us have studied English for 5 years. 我們大部分人已經(jīng)學(xué)了5年英語(yǔ)了。
4. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往同不具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如
already, yet, just, never, before, recently, lately, so far, up till/to now, in the past few years，three times, since+時(shí)間點(diǎn), for +一段時(shí)間等
He has already become a comedian. I haven't seen much of him (lately).
We have seen that film before. Have they found the missing child yet.
Have you ever been to New York? I have never heard Simon say anything against her.
I have used this pen only three times. It is still good. Peter has written six papers so far.
We have been good friends since primary school./ for 15 years.
注意 1：
It is (has been) +一段時(shí)間＋ since +從句
It’s/ It has been 3 years since they got married. 他們結(jié)婚已有3年了。
注意 2：
when/if
I’ll write to him when I _____________the book.
If she __________to bed when you see her, tell her to give me a ring.
Notes: 在時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，現(xiàn)在完
成時(shí)可以代替一般將來時(shí)。
have gone / have been
Tonny _________abroad to continue his studies.
His girl friend _________abroad many times to see him.
time
It’s the first time she has driven a car.
That’s the third time he has phoned her this morning.
It’s the first gold medal I’ve had for ages.
It/this/that is the first/second… time that + 完成時(shí)
注意 5：注意區(qū)分一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
時(shí)間上有差異：凡有具體的過去時(shí)間，均用過去時(shí)態(tài)，不能用完成時(shí)，如：ago, last year, just now, the other day 等。
結(jié)果上有差異：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是對(duì)“現(xiàn)在”的影響和結(jié)果，動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在剛完成或還在繼續(xù)；一般過去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，和現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系。
We have seen that film before. We saw that film last week.
I have cleaned the classroom. I cleaned the classroom.
It is the third time that I _______ him this month.
A. had seen B. see C. saw D. have seen
2. My friend, who ___ on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month. A. served B. is serving C. had served D. has served
3. It ____ a couple of years _____Prof. John taught at ECNU.
A. is; since B. has been; that C. is that D. was; since
IV. The present perfect continuous tense Structure have/ has been + v.ing
表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能剛剛結(jié)束，也可能還要繼續(xù)下去。
Chinese have been making paper for more than 2000 years.
中國(guó)造紙的歷史已有2000多年了。
She has been working in Shenzhen since 1995. 她從1995年就來深圳工作了。
Doctors have been researching that question for many years.
多年來，醫(yī)生們一直在研究這個(gè)問題。
Consolidation:
The children have bee watching TV all morning. 孩子們一上午一直在看電視。
She has been waiting for her boss for almost an hour. 她等她的老板等了將近一個(gè)小時(shí)。
區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
在持續(xù)的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)動(dòng)作多次重復(fù)
Jim has been phoning Jenny every night for the past week.
They have been meeting together weekly for two years.
動(dòng)作和現(xiàn)在的狀況有聯(lián)系
Why are your clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?
There you are! I’ve been waiting for an hour.
She is very tired. She has been working all morning.
常與long/how long/all連用
How long has she been reading the book?
He has been watching English all day.
Practice: 誰(shuí)在喝我的酒？ 誰(shuí)喝了我的酒？
Who has been drinking my wine? Who has drunk my wine?
不累啊？你已跳了三個(gè)小時(shí)啦！
Aren’t you tired？ You have been jumping for three hours.
Step 3: Practice
1 Read the article in Part A on page 9 and fill in the blanks with the correct tenses. Then I will ask you to report your answers to the class. You also should give the reasons why you use different tenses in the article.
Answers
1. am 2 have been writing 3 am looking 4 is 5 have been imagining
6 is 7 is making 8 has been planning 9 have designed
10 are printing 11 are going 12 is 13 hope 14 opens
2 Now do Part B individually. Pay attention to the time marker in each sentence if there is one. The time marker in the sentence is the key that will help you use the suitable tense.
1 I am performing at the comedy Club tonight.
2 I have been practicing my jokes in front of the mirror for the last three hours.
3 My family is coming to watch my show.
4 I am nervous about the show.
Ss: 觀察所給出的例句，同桌之間互相討論，并總結(jié)歸納四種語(yǔ)法的適用情況.
并在每一種語(yǔ)法之后，做相關(guān)的翻譯鞏固練習(xí)。
另一個(gè)班改為填空練習(xí)。
Ss: 帶著情感讀和體會(huì)這些句子。
S：?jiǎn)蝹�(gè)學(xué)生進(jìn)行翻譯。
Ss:單個(gè)回答，并讓該生對(duì)答案進(jìn)行分析。
Ss:先讓學(xué)生回憶完成時(shí)的基本用法，勾起學(xué)生的記憶，有利于歸納。
Ss:個(gè)體活動(dòng)完成總體鞏固練習(xí)。
T：老師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生由練習(xí)到歸納。
Ss:尤其注意這些特殊的考點(diǎn)。
T：這個(gè)理論較少，讓學(xué)生朗讀句子進(jìn)行感受歸納。
Ss:通過看圖說話，鞏固所學(xué)。
板 書
設(shè) 計(jì) Unit 1 Grammar and usage
教 學(xué)
反 思