M5 Unit 1 Getting along with others
Grammar: Verb-ing as an adjective or adverb
學習目標：
1. 能夠了解動詞不定式和動名詞的主要用法，并能夠正確的運用。
2. 通過練習鞏固所學語法。
課前學習：
1． 課前自學課本P28-31，了解并掌握動詞不定式和動名詞的用法。
2. 完成P29和P31上的相關練習。
課堂學習：
現在分詞
分詞分為現在分詞和過去分詞，除和助動詞一起構成時態外，還可以是非謂語動詞。分詞做非謂語動詞使用是高考考查的一個重要語法項目。
1. 形式
肯定式 doing sth. The old man sitting in the corner is John’s father.
否定式 not doing sth. Not knowing English, he asked his brother to translate the article into Chinese.
完成體 having done sth. Having finished his work, he went home.
被動式 being done The house being built is our dormitory.
完成被動式 having been done Having been criticized by his father, he gave up smoking.
2. 用法
現在分詞表示主動和進行，可同它的賓語、狀語構成分詞短語，在句中作定語、狀語、表語、賓語補足語。
(1) 做定語
單個的現在分詞作定語一般放在被修飾的名詞之前；而現在分詞短語作定語則放在被修飾的名詞之后。
The sleeping child is Jack’s little sister.
He is a promising young man.
Tell the boy playing outside not to make any noise.
The young man sitting under the tree is my brother.
現在分詞作定語時，所表示的動作既可表示正在進行的動作，也可表示經常性，習慣性的動作或現在的狀態。
His father works in a factory making color TV sets.
=His father works in a factory that makes color TV sets.
The young man sitting between John and Mary comes from Canada.
=The young man who is sitting between John and Mary comes from Canada.
(2 ) 作表語
現在分詞作表語時，主語通常是無生命的事物，現在分詞用來說明主語的性質、特征，此時現在分詞已經具備了形容詞的特征。
The film is very interesting and moving.
The news sounds disappointing .
What you said is really inspiring.
(3 ) 作賓語補足語
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting so long.
We saw our teacher doing the experiment.
現在分詞作賓語補足語表示動作正在發生（處于動作的發生過程中，還沒有結束）；而動詞不定式作賓語補足語時，則表示動作已經發生，運作的過程已經結束。
I saw him crossing the road.(強調正在進行)
I saw him cross the road.(強調從路這邊走到那邊的過程)
(4 ) 作狀語
現在分詞作狀語，表示時間、原因、結果、條件、讓步、方法或伴隨狀況，相當于狀語從句，其邏輯主語必須與句子保持一致。
①作時間狀語：
(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. 在工廠工作時，他是一名先進工人。
②作原因狀語：
Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是團員,他經常幫助他人。
③作方式狀語，表示伴隨：
He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里，又擦又洗。
④作條件狀語：
(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. 要是整天玩，你就會浪費寶貴的時間。
⑤作結果狀語：
He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了，結果摔得粉碎。
⑥作目的狀語：
He went swimming the other day. 幾天前他去游泳了。
⑦作讓步狀語：
Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. 雖然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。
⑧與邏輯主語構成獨立主格：
I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard．我等汽車時，一只鳥落到我頭上。
All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.
所有的票已經賣光了，他們失望地離開了。
Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises. 如果時間允許，我們將做另兩個練習。
有時也可用with (without) +名詞（代詞賓格）+分詞形式
With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他點著燈睡著了。
⑨作獨立成分：
Judging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor. 從外表看，他一定是個演員。
Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般說來，女孩子更細心。
鞏固練習：
一、指出下列句中動詞-ing 形式的句法功能
1.Do you know the girl sitting under the tall tree?
2.She is writing a letter to a friend of hers, inviting him to attend the party.
3.Feeling hot ,Tom uncovered his quilt ,leaving only his stomach covered.
4. We have to prevent the air from being polluted.
5.Having been translated into many languages ,the novel is well known to all over the world.
6.It’s very discouraging that so many students have failed.
7.He died ,leaving some money to her.
8.Not having done his work ,he had to stay alone in the office.
9. The baby watched his dad shaving his face with great interest.
10. It's no use quarrelling.
11.I suggested asking his brother for some money.
12.His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged．
二、用所給動詞的適當形式填空
1. Not having completed (complete) the program, they have to stay there for another two weeks.
2. The old man, having worked (work) abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.
3. At this moment the bell rang, announcing (announce) the end of class.
4. The workers had the machines running (run) all night long to finish the work on time.
5. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, adding (add) that he had enjoyed his stay here.
6. Having been cheated (cheat) many times , She now believes nobody.
7. When he awoke, he found himself being looked after (look after) by an old man.
8. The graduating students are busy collecting (collect) material for their reports.
9. She caught the student cheating (cheat) in exams.
10.The missing boys were last seen playing (play) near the river.
11.Being exposed (expose) to sunlight for too long will do harm to one’s skin.
12.Having watered (water) the flower, he began to cut the grass.
13.Being (be) a tailor, she knows how to deal with this material.
14.Not knowing (not, know) her address, we couldn't get in touch with her.
15. He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.
二、將下列句子劃線部分改寫為現在分詞短語
1.Look round when you cross the street.
Look round when crossing the street.
2. When she heard the news, she burst into laughter.
Hearing the news, she burst into laughter.
3. As she was still rather weak, she could not stay up for too long.
Being still rather weak, she could not stay up for too long.
4. While we were walking in the street, we met some friends of ours.
While walking in the street, we met some friends of ours.
5. There is a tall tree which covers the entrance to the cave.
There is a tall tree covering the entrance to the cave.
6. Since l didn’t know Chinese, I tried to speak to her in English.
Not knowing Chinese, I tried to speak to her in English.
三、單項選擇
1. We had an anxious couple of weeks D for the results of the experiment. （08四川）
A. wait B. to be waiting C. waited D. waiting
2.-Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.
-Sorry. With so much work B my mind, I almost break down.
A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled
3. A that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed.（08北京）
A. Seeing B. To see C. See D. Seen
4. D to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead（08重慶）
A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed
5. B in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. （08安徽）
A. To walk. B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked
6. I smell something A in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? （07全國）
A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt
7. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice A him. （07上海）
A. calling B. called C. being called D. to call
8. He is a student at Oxford University, B for a degree in computer science.（07北京）
A. studied B. studying C. to have studied D. to be9.
9. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not B , and asked myself what I was going to do. （07 湖南卷）
A. moved B moving C. to move D. being moved
10. B that she didn’t do a good job, I don’t think I am abler than her.（07陜西）
A. To have said B. Having said C. To say D. Saying
11. People D in the city do not know the pleasure of country life.
A. live B. to live C. lived D. living
12. The library's study room is full of students B for the exam.
A. busily prepared B. busily preparing
C. busily prepare D. are busily preparing
13. While watching television, __C___. （2005全國卷II）
A.the doorbell rang B.the doorbell rings
C.we heard the doorbell ring D.we heard the doorbell rings
14. A person a foreign language must be able to use the foreign language D all about his own.
A. to learn, to forget B. learning, to forget
C. to learn, forgetting D. learning, forgetting
15.I went to see him, ____C___him out.
A. finding B. find C. only to find D. to finding
課后學習：
1． 復習現在分詞的所有用法及重要考察點
2． 完成書后Workbook中的相關的練習
學習感悟：
1. 我學會了：_________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. 我的困惑是(還有哪些不理解的地方)：__________________________________________