湖南隆回一中 羅玉南
五、should在虛擬語氣中的運用
1、在if引導的條件狀語從句中，若表示與將來事實相反的假設，條件句的謂語動詞可以用“should ＋動詞原形”；若if省略， should應提到句首，構成部分倒裝。例如：
If it should snow tom orrow ，the m eet- ing would be put off．
如果明天下雪的話，運動會就會推遲。
13．_____it rain tomorrow，we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge．（94上海）鶤．Were鶥．Should鶦．Would D．Will
2、動詞arrange（安排，籌劃），command（命令，要求），demand（要求，需要），desire（要求，渴望），insist（堅決主張），order，propose（主張，提議），request，require，suggest（建議）等后跟賓語從句時，謂語動詞應用“（should）＋動詞原形”。例如：
14．The guard at the gate insisted that everyone __________ the role．（MET85）
A．obeying鶥．obey鶦．will obey鶧．would obey
15.Jane's face suggested that she __________ ill，and her parents suggested that she______ a medical examination．（95上海）
A．be；should have鶥．was；have鶦．should be；had鶧．was；has
The doctor ordered that she（should） stay in bed for another week．
醫生囑咐她應該躺在床上再呆一周。
He proposed that we（should）go there by plane．他主張我們應該乘飛機去那里。
3、名詞advice，idea，order，demand， plan，proposal（主張），suggestion，request等后跟表語從句或同位語從句時，其謂語動詞用“（should）＋動詞原形”。例如：
We all agreed to his suggestion that we（should）go to Hangzhou for sightseeing．
我們都同意他的建議我們應該到杭州去觀光旅游。
My advice is that we（should）do more eye exercises every day．
我的建議是我們每天應該多做眼保健操。
4、在主語從句的下列三種句型中，主句的謂語動詞應用“（should）＋動詞原形”。
（1）It is necessary（important，impossible，strange，natural．．．）that．．．
（2）It is a pity（a shame．．．）that．．．
（3）It is suggested（requested，ordered，desired．．．）that．．．例如：
It is necessary that we should send for a doctor．我們很有必要派人請個醫生來。
It is requested that Miss Gao（should） give a perform ance at the m eeting．
人們要求高小姐應該在大會上進行一場演出。
It is a pity that he（should）be so careless．他竟如此粗心真是令人遺憾。
六、should可以用來表示驚奇、惶惑、不滿、惋惜、憂慮等情緒。例如：
16.You can't imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ________be so rude to a lady．（2001上海）鶤．might B．need C．should D．would
Never did he expect that the conditions should be so terrible．他從來沒有料到情況竟如此可怕。
七、should可以表示謙遜、委婉之意，意為“可……；倒……”。例如：
Should you like to drink some beer？你是否喜歡喝點啤酒？
He should expect their team to win the match．他倒是希望他們隊能贏得這場比賽。
八、should可以用于較強語氣的假設情形中，表示“竟然；萬一”之意。例如：
If he should fail to come，ask John to go there in his place．萬一他不能來就叫約翰代替他去。
Should it blow hard，we would not go out for a picnic．萬一明天刮大風，我們就無法去野餐了。
九、should用于目的狀語從句或in case引導的條件狀語從句中時，相當于might，含有“會；可以”之意。例如：鶷hey got up early so that they should catch up the first flight in time．
他們很早起床以便能及時趕上首班飛機。
He took him along with an umbrella in case it should rain．
他隨身帶了一把雨傘，以防天可能下雨。
又如：
-The room is so dirty． ＿＿＿＿＿we clean it﹖
-Of course．煩(北京2003)牘
A． Will B． Shall鶦． Would鶧． Do
簡析：問句表示征求對方的意見，故本題選B。
It’s nearly seven o’clock． Jack＿＿＿＿ be here at any moment．(NMET’95)牘
A． must鶥． need C． should鶧． can
簡析：本題應選C。should在本題中表示推測，意為“很可能”。又如：
-When can I come for the photos﹖ I need them tomorrow afternoon．
-They ＿＿＿＿ be ready by 1200．(NMET’98)牘
A． can鶥． should C． might鶧． need
簡析：本題應選B。should在本題中表示應該。
熱點五：“情態動詞＋have＋過去分詞”常見句型及用法
句型1：should (ought to) have＋過去分詞
表示過去應該做而（實際）沒有做的事情。含有責備或遺憾的語氣，意為“本應該……”。其否定形式為“should not／ought not to have ＋ 過去分詞”。如：
We ＿＿＿＿ last night，but we went to the concert instead．(MET’92)牘
A． must have studied B． might study
C． should have studied D． would study
簡析：本題中的一個關鍵詞but暗示了“我們不應去聽音樂會，而應學習”。故本題選C。
句型2：needn’t have＋過去分詞
表示過去沒有必要做某事, 但實際上做了某事。如：
There was plenty of time． She ＿＿＿＿＿．(MET’87)牘
A． mustn’t have hurried鶥． couldn’t have hurried
C． must not hurry D． needn’t have hurried
簡析：本題的前一句暗示了一個條件，后一句則是由這個條件得出的結論。故本題選D。
句型3：must have＋過去分詞
意為“過去一定做過某事”，表示一種很有把握的推測。注意，對過去發生情況的否定推測常用can’t／couldn’t have ＋過去分詞。如：
I didn’t hear the phone． I ＿＿＿＿＿＿asleep．(MET’89)牘
A． must be B． must have been鶦． should be鶧． should have been
簡析：本題應選B。本題的前一句說明一個結果，后一句則表示一個原因。
I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning．She ＿＿＿ at the meeting．(上海’91)
A． mustn’t have spoken B． shouldn’t have spoken
C． needn’t have spoken鶧． couldn’t have spoken
簡析：從題意上分析，本題的前一句陳述一個理由，后一句則是由前一句得出的結論。故本題選D。
句型4：may／might have＋過去分詞
表示對過去情況的一種不太有把握的（可能性）推測，意為“或許／可能做過某事”。另外，用于虛擬語氣時，通常用might。如：
He ＿＿＿＿＿you more help even though he was very busy． (MET’90)牘
A． might have given B． might give
C． may have given D． may give
簡析：本題應選A。全句意為“即使再忙，他也可能再多給你一些幫助的”。
句型5：could have＋過去分詞
表示“（過去）本來可以（能夠）做某事，但實際上沒有做到”。如：
-I stayed at a hotel while in New York．
-Oh, did you﹖ You ＿＿＿＿ with Barbara．(NMET’98)牘
A． could have stayed鶥． could stay
C． would stay D． must have stayed (Key: A)
情態動詞專練
從A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。
1．Jenny＿＿＿＿have kept her word．I wonder why she changed her mind．(MET1992)牘鶤．must B．should C．need D．would
2．-Could I borrow your dictionary﹖ -Yes, of course you ＿＿＿＿．(MET1992)牘鶤．might B．will C．can D．should
3．It’s nearly seven o’clock．Jack ＿＿＿＿ be here at any moment．(NMET1995)牘鶤．must B．need C．should鶧．can
4．The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ＿＿＿get out．(NMET1997)牘
A．had to B．would鶦．could D．was able to
5．Mr Brown, many students want to see you, ＿＿they wait here or outside﹖ A．shall鶥．will鶦．can鶧．would
6.The monitor must be in the reading-room,_____﹖
A．mustn’t B．doesn’t C．needn’t D．isn’t
7．Dr Baker must have given a good speech at the conference yesterday, ＿＿he﹖ A．mustn’t B．didn’t C．needn’t D．isn’t
8．-When can I come for the photos﹖ I need them tomorrow afternoon．
-They ＿＿＿＿ be ready by 12:00(NMET1998)
A．can B．should C．might D．need
9．I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ＿＿＿＿ for her．(NMET1994)
A．had to write it out鶥．must have written it out
C．should have written it out D．ought to write it out
10．He hardly ＿＿say anything more, since you know all about it．
A．don’t鶥．needn’t鶦．needs鶧．need
11．-Alice looks sad．Did you tell her about the news？-Yes，but I __________ her later．
A．should have told鶥．shouldn't have told鶦．must have told鶧．needn't have told
12．You __________ this morning，if you really wanted to see it yourself．
A．ought to come鶥．may have come鶦．ought to have come鶧．could come
13．-You ought to have come here ten minutes ago．-I __________ ，but the train was late．
A．ought to鶥．ought to have鶦．ought鶧．have ought to
14． __________ he come，the problem would be settled．
A．Would鶥．Should鶦．Shall D．If
15．It is necessary that a college student__________at least a foreign language．
A．masters B．should master鶦．may master鶧．can master
16．Most of the mem bers demanded that the meeting __________ till Friday．
A．should put off鶥．not be put off鶦．wouldn't be put off鶧．can not put off
17．It's unfair that you __________ treat him like that．
A．can鶥．may鶦．need鶧．should
18．I __________ advise you not to do that again in the future．
A．dare B．would C．should鶧．need
19．When I went out，whom __________ I meet but our old friend？
A．should鶥．could C．might D．would
20．Tom __________ at the gate of the cinem a now．
A．should have waited鶥．should be waiting鶦．might wait D．would wait
21.”What you want, you ____ have it on condition that you get the best result,” said the boss.
A. would B. ought to鶦. shall鶧. could
22.---What’s wrong with your car? ---I don’t know. It just _____ start.
A. mustn’t鶥 couldn’t C. wouldn’t D. shouldn’t
23.You _____ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.
A. needn’t to come B. don’t need come C.don’t need coming D. needn’t come
24.---May I pick a flower in the garden ? ---______.
A. No, you needn’t鶥.Not,please C. No,you mustn’t D. No,you won’t
25.---Helen, will you be at the party tonight ?
---Yes, but I have so much homework to do that I really _______.
A. won’t鶥 .can’t鶦. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
26.I was really anxious about you. You ______ home without a word.
A. mustn’t leave B .shouldn’t have left C. couldn’t have left D.needn’t leave
27.Jenny _____ with him at that time,for I was having dinner with her in my home.
A.can’t have been B.mustn’t have been C .must be鶧.may be
28.If you listen to me,you _____ have some candies,Deary.
A.shall鶥.may鶦.will鶧.must
29.Peter ____ come with us tonight,but he isn’t very sure yet.
A.may鶥.can鶦.will鶧.must
30.He ____ you more help,even though he was very busy.
A.might have given B.might give C.may have given D.may give
31.There is plenty of time.She ______.
A.mustn’t have hurried B.couldn’t have hurried
C.must not hurry鶧.needn’t have hurried
32.The plant is dead.I ______ it more鷚ater.
A.will give B.would have given鶦.must give D.should have given
33.---Dare you go home at night ?----_________.
A.Yes,I do鶥.No,I daren’t C.No,I don’t D.Yes,I dare so.
34.When you go abroad,do you _____ take your passport ?
A.have to鶥.ought to鶦.be able to D.need
35.---You must phone us every week. ----Yes,I _____.
A.must鶥.have to C.will鶧.should
36.---Your language teacher looks a rather kind woman.
----But in fact she is cold and hard on us.You _____ believe it.
A.should B.wouldn’t鶦.mustn’t D.might not.
37.A wise man __ sometimes make a mistake. A.can B.may鶦.might鶧.must
38.Don’t get the ink on your shirt,for it _________. A.won’t wash out
B.won’t be washed out鶦.doesn’t wash out鶧.can’t be washed out
39.---Is your father still an engineer ? ----_______.
A.Yes,he was鶥.He didn’t use to鶦.No,but he used to鶧.No,but he used to be
40.There are so many people in the street that I _____ get through.
A.can’t鶥.couldn’t C.needn’t D.mustn’t
41.The classroom is empty.They must have gone to the sportsground,________?
A.don’t they鶥.didn’t they C.haven’t they鶧.hadn’t they
42.---You ought to have come earlier.---Yes,I ______.But the traffic was heavy.
A.ought to B.should鶦.must have鶧.should have
43.Last night he hurt his leg,but at last he ______ get home safely.
A.could鶥.can C.dare鶧.was able to
44.---Shall I tell John about it ? ----No,you ______.I’ve told him already.(1994)
A.needn’t B.wouldn’t C.mustn’t D.shouldn’t
45.Tom ought not to_____ me your secret,but he meant no harm.(1993)
A.have told鶥.tell鶦.be telling D.having told
46.It’s already seven o’clock.Jack _____ be here at any moment.(1995)
A.must B.need鶦.should D.can
47.---When can I come for the photos ? I need them tomorrow afternoon.
----They _____ be ready by 12:00.(1998) A.can B.should C.might D.need
48.---I stayed at a hotel while in New York.
---Oh,did you ? You _____ with Barbara.(1998)
A.could have stayed鶥.could stay C.would stay鶧.must have stayed
49.Sorry I’m late. I ___ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.
(2000 spring) A.might B.should鶦.can D.will
50.---Are you coming to Jeff’s party ?----I’m not sure.I _____ go to the concert instead.(2000)鶤.must鶥.should鶦.would D.might
51.---Write to me when you get home.----________.(2001 Spring)
A.I must鶥.I should鶦.I will鶧.I can
52.---I hear you have got a set of valuable Australian coins. _____ I have a look ?
---Yes,certainly. (2002 Spring)
A.Do鶥.May鶦.Shall D.Should
53.---Is John coming by train ?
--- He should,but he ______ not.He likes driving his car. (2002)
A.must鶥.can鶦.need D.may
情態動詞講與練答案
情態動詞＋have done: 1-5 ADAAA6-10 CDDCA
Key:1-5 BCCDA 6-10 DBBCD
11-15 A C B B B 16-20 B D C A B
21-25CCDCB26-30BAAAA31-35DDBAC36-40AAADA
41-45CDDAA46-50CBAAD 51-53CBD