第一學期期末專題復習--完型填空
完形填空題是測試綜合應用語言能力的題型，要求學生有較高的閱讀理解能力、綜合應用基礎(chǔ)知識的能力、分析和判斷能力。要做好完形填空，首先要綜觀全文，理解大意，再從語法、慣用法、用詞和常識等方面考慮，找出答案。
一般說來，做完形填空題一定要注意先通讀全文，掌握全文大意；要聯(lián)系上下文，特別是要聯(lián)系下文。不僅要聯(lián)系下一句，有時甚至要看完全文才能選出正確答案，否則就有可能選錯；找到文章的中心句也是很重要的。
完形填空的能力要求：
1. 掌握足夠的詞匯，有詞語活用能力以及運用句型造句的能力。
2. 有扎實的英語語法基本功，能熟練地運用動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)等。
3. 有較寬的閱讀面及其派生的英語語感。
4. 有依據(jù)上下文猜測和推斷的能力。
完形填空的解題技巧（一）：
從總體上把握文章主旨，接受作者所傳達的信息與情感，針對完形填空，提出了各種多層次、全方位的理解技法，其中以總體把握法、詞語搭配法、語法判定法、語境聯(lián)想法、舉例對比法最為重要。
1. 總體把握
要通讀完形填空的短文，跳過空格快速閱讀，了解全篇的主要內(nèi)容。切不可把寶貴的時間浪費在個別字句推敲上。
2. 弄清體裁
文章體裁通常分為四種：論述文、記敘文、說明文和應用文。中考選文以敘事性文章為主，如：幽默故事、科普知識、童話、簡短新聞、名人軼事、社會熱點問題等。讀這類文章，要大體上了解故事所涉及的時間、地點、人物、事件及前因后果。
3. 重視主題句
完形填空所用的短文一般不給標題，但短文的主題句，往往在每段文章的首句，有時也出現(xiàn)在文章的中間或結(jié)束處。主題句提供全篇的性質(zhì)、大意等，這是深入了解全文的“窗口”，甚至能以語句為立足點，從該句的時態(tài)、語氣推測全文的主要內(nèi)容。
4. 語境聯(lián)想
利用上下文的提示，用學過的知識和已有的生活經(jīng)驗，掃清部分詞匯理解上的障礙。
［典型例題解析］
（A）
Most adults（成年人） once studied at school, had classes and did their homework everyday. The same __1__ is going on at school now. __2__ it seems that doing weekend homework is __3__ problem for the modern students.
All the students agree that weekend homework should be abolished （取消）. It's __4 __ for them studying at school five days a week. They have a lot of interests. With homework to do on Saturday and Sunday, when can they find __ 5__ to help around the house, go and see a football or basketball game or a good film, join in family recreations （娛樂） ,or just have __ 6_ at home? Because of these other activities, the homework can't be finished until 7 . So their weekend homework is usually done in such a hurry that on Monday teachers are 8 and often threaten （威脅） to fail the whole class of students because they know nothing about the __9 . If there was no weekend homework for the students to do, they would be happy to go to school on Monday 10 having a good rest and to learn what the teachers teach.
1. A. thing B. school C. class D. homework
2. A. Also B. But C. Still D. Though
3. A. no B. another C. one D. other
4. A. not enough B. enough C. no good D. no use
5. A. friends B. time C. places D. money
6. A. a rest B. an exam C. a lesson D. a picnic
7. A. Monday afternoon B. Saturday afternoon
C. Friday night D. Sunday night
8. A. pleased B. sorry C. unhappy D. not worried
9. A. lesson B. games C. interests D. activities
10.A. until B. when C. before D. after
解析：首句“All the students agree that weekend homework should be abolished”提供了本段的中心思想，為下面的選項做鋪墊。
1. 只要能看懂文章，就會選A，thing。
2. 上下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選B。
3. 做雙休日的家作對現(xiàn)在的學生來說是一個問題，故選C。
4. 對學生來說一個星期學習五天已經(jīng)是足夠了，所以選enough。
5. 根據(jù)上下文判斷，學生需要得到的是時間，故選B。
6. “have a rest” 休息，在家應該為休息。
7. 周末家庭作業(yè)應該在周日晚上前完成，周一上學去。故選D。
8. 根據(jù)上下文，學生的家作是在匆匆忙忙的情況下完成的，周一老師看了當然是不高興的，故選C。
9. 學生不知道的應該是lesson,而不是games, activities and interests。
10. 聯(lián)系上下文，只要看懂就能選D。
（B）
Bill likes football very much, and he often goes to watch matches in our 1 on Sundays. He doesn't get the best seats, 2 they are very 3 and he doesn't see his friends there.
There was a big football match in our town last Sunday. 4 , it was very cold and cloudy, but then the sun 5 , and it was very hot.
There were a lot of people on benches （凳子） 6 Bill at the match. Bill was on one bench, and there was a fat man on a bench 7 him. At first the fat man felt cold, __8 then he felt very hot. He took his coat off and put it in front of him, but it fell on Bill's head. Bill was not angry. He took the coat 9 his head, looked at it and then laughed and said,“Thank you ... but 10 are the trousers?”
1. A. village B. country C. town D. home
2. A. so B. if C. because D. but
3. A. dear B. cheap C. nice D. near
4. A. At that time B. Then C. At first D. First
5. A. was shining B. shining C. shone D. shines
6. A. in front of B. behind C. round D. near
7. A. behind B. beside C. over D. by
8. A. why B. but C. and D. so
9. A. away B. from C. on D. off
10. A. how B. when C. where D. whose
解析：1. 單獨看此句，A、B、C三個答案都有可能，但根據(jù)短文第二段第一句There was a big football match in our town last Sunday的提示確定為C。
2. 后面一句解釋他為什么沒有得到最好的座位，故為C。
3. 他沒有得到好座位的原因是票很貴，故答案為A。
4. 根據(jù)下句but then the sun shone的提示確定是C，否則有可能選A。
5. 此句應用一般過去時態(tài)shone。
6. 四個答案都符合語法，但根據(jù)后面的語境，此句意為“比爾周圍有許多人”，確定選C。
7. 根據(jù)后面的提示，即胖男子脫下上衣放在前面，掉在了比爾的頭上，確定胖男子坐在比爾的后面，故為A。
8. 先冷后熱，是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，but
9. take...off his head意為“從頭上拿下”，根據(jù)語義答案C顯然不對，away是副詞，后面不能接賓語。此外也可用take...away from,故答案為D。
10. 衣服掉在比爾的頭上，他沒有生氣，還問：“褲子呢?”意思是“你把衣服給了我，褲子也給我吧”，表現(xiàn)出比爾的幽默。故答案為C。
完形填空的解題技巧（二）：
1. 詞語搭配
（1）從語法角度來說，句子不是詞的序列，而是詞組的序列。
（2）因搭配關(guān)系而產(chǎn)生的一般性詞匯。如：see a film
（3）詞序和意義皆以固定的復合詞和動詞短語。如：push ahead with（奮力前行）。
（4）因詞組而構(gòu)成的常見的句式：It feels+形容詞+不定式，在搭配判斷時，注意：要區(qū)別外形相近而意義不同的搭配。如：look for, look over, look out, look after, look up等。要區(qū)別形不相似而意義相近的搭配。如：I paid 12 pounds for the dictionary. The book cost me a lot. It took three men to lift the box.句中都有“付出、花費、需要”的意思。譯成漢語時似乎相通。但更要注意它們之間的搭配變化；要注意單個詞組的多義性。如：take off有“脫下（衣服），（飛機）起飛，匆匆離開，取下，休假”等多種含意。
2. 語法判定
（1）要注意出現(xiàn)頻率較高的詞類題，依次為動詞、介詞、代詞、連詞、形容詞、副詞。選擇各類詞時，要注意以下幾個方面：
a. 名詞的選擇，應聯(lián)系文章主題及空格前后出現(xiàn)的有關(guān)詞，注意其性和數(shù)的一致。
b. 動詞的選用，要注意詞義和慣用搭配，還要區(qū)分近義詞之間的用法差異及所給詞的形式。
c. 選擇介詞，應注意其慣用法，特別是與動詞或其他詞組成的固定搭配。
d. 選擇代詞，要注意性、數(shù)、格是否準確。
e. 選擇連詞，要注意分析前后句或上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。
f. 選擇形容詞和副詞，要注意詞義的區(qū)別，用于比較時，還要注意詞形變化。
（2）要注意句法題，搞清句子的種類、類型、省略和倒裝
a. 句子的種類包括陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。一般以考查疑問句、感嘆句的詞序為多見，其次是祈使句的零時態(tài)等。
b. 句子的類型有簡單句、并列句、復合句和并列復合句。中考考查要點是在復合句里的狀語從句、賓語從句和直接/間接引語，也考查簡單的定語從句。
c. 句子的省略與倒裝很少考查，卻要看懂，不能引起對文章的曲解。
（3）在語法適用方面，可以用擇優(yōu)法和排除法
a. 擇優(yōu)法是把各選項代入短文中，選出在詞義上符合要求，且在語法上又沒有語病的答案。
b. 排除法是在代入選項時如發(fā)現(xiàn)選項單詞意義不對，或詞與詞搭配不妥，或存在語法錯誤，或與上下文有矛盾，則迅速排除不合適的選項，剩下的就是正確答案。
3. 例舉對比
在完形填空的多項選擇中，常常會遇到難以選擇的題目。需要調(diào)動頭腦里的知識“儲備”，例舉熟知的語言現(xiàn)象與之相比較，再做出明智的選擇。
一般的解題過程是：
1. 通讀全文，掌握大意。結(jié)合選項初步弄清短文寫了些什么內(nèi)容。
2. 瞻前顧后，分析先行。在理解全文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容對空缺句子作合乎邏輯的推理。必須弄清空缺詞句的確切含義，空缺詞句與其前后句的意義銜接必須自然、合理，不可出現(xiàn)意義斷層或說東道西的情況，必須從空缺句的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)入手，從語法、詞語固定搭配、詞形變化等角度考慮，務必使所填的單詞準確無誤。
3. 反復推敲，攻克難關(guān)。如果做不出來的話，可能要改變一下思路。如實詞多與文章的內(nèi)容直接相關(guān)，虛詞多與文章的連貫性或句子結(jié)構(gòu)直接相關(guān)，如果從內(nèi)容上實在看不出要填哪個單詞的話，應考慮是否需要填介詞、連詞等。
4. 驗證答案，修正錯誤，著重注意這幾點：
（1）文章是否順暢；
（2）所填單詞是否是最佳單詞；
（3）所填單詞是否有拼寫錯誤。
［典型例題解析］
（2001大連）（A）
People worry about that they often lose their keys. Now if you forget 1 your key is, you can find it quickly.
Let's read the following. Yesterday Mr. Smith 2 his key in the room.“Where is my key?”he said to himself .He didn't know 3_ . He thought hard and 4 had an idea.“Hello!”he said in a loud voice.“Hello!”a voice came from inside the drawer of the desk. He was 5 to hear that. He hurried to the desk and pulled the drawer 6 .To his pleasure, he 7 out the key from the drawer. What is all 8 ?
So, that is a new 9 invented in America. There is an integrated circuit（集成電路） and a very small speaker built in it. It can tell its 10 voice in no more than nine metres.
1. A. what B. where C. how D. which
2. A. took B. got C. brought D. lost
3. A. what to do B. how to do C. when to find D. where to go
4. A. when B. while C. then D. than
5. A. surprised B. interesting C. angry D. sorry
6. A. closed B. up C. down D. open
7. A. put B. took C. looked D. tried
8. A. in B. at C. about D. off
9. A. key B. drawer C. desk D. house
10. A. desk's B. owner's C. man's D. woman's
解析：
1. 選連接詞where，答案應選B。
2. 注意四個動詞的語意，選lost,“丟失”之意，答案應選D。
3. 從語意角度選what to do，答案應選A。
4. 選then，表示“接著、下面就會”的意思，答案應選C。
5. 選be surprised to do sth.的結(jié)構(gòu)，答案應選A。
6. 要理解pull sth. open（拉開），push sth. closed（推上），lift sth. up（舉高），take sth. down（取下），答案應選D。
7. 選take out（拿出），排除put out（撲滅、熄滅），look out（向外看，當心），try out（試驗看看），答案應選B。
8. 選about，如：What is all about? 這一切是怎么回事呢? 答案應選C。
9. 只要看懂短文就會選key，答案應選A。
10. 注意tell這里是“區(qū)別、辨別”之意，答案應選B。
（B）
In China, most people's names have 1 parts, the 2 names and the family names. One person may have 3 names. For example, when they are very 4 at home, they usually have 5 names. In school and society they use their 6 names. If someone is a writer, he or she has a pen name. Now young couple （夫婦） become very 7 when they name their child. 8 the names have special meanings. Some show their parents' 9 .Girl's names show that their parents want them to be nice. Boy's names are often 10 to the country.
1. A. one B. two C. three D. four
2. A. first B. middle C. family D. given
3. A. many B. one C. different D. same
4. A. young B. old C. at work D. at school
5. A. formal B. pet C. pen D. informal
6. A. formal B. pet C. pen D. informal
7. A. careful B. carefully C. angry D. happy
8. A. both B. both of C. only D. most of
9. A. idea B. wishes C. hope D. thought
10. A. bad B. hard C. useful D. beautiful
解析：
1. 中國人的姓名分為姓和名兩部分，故選B。
2. 根據(jù)此句的語義顯然答案不是C。英美人姓名一般由三部分組成，即first name, middle name和family name,中國人的姓名由姓和名兩部分組成，即family name和given name,故選D。
3. 下文舉例一個人有小名、大名，也許有筆名，重點說明一個人也許有好幾個名字，故選A。
4. 根據(jù)此句的語義和下文In school and society的提示，可知此處意為“上學前”、“小時候”，故選A。
5. 根據(jù)中國人的習慣，孩子上學前一般都有小名，即pet names，故選B。
6. 上學時和走上社會后使用正式的名字，故選A。
7. 此句意為：現(xiàn)在年輕的夫婦給孩子取名很認真，此句中become是連系動詞，需要形容詞作表語，故選A。
8. 根據(jù)語境顯然選D，意為大部分的名字都有特殊的意義，故選D。
9. 名字表達了父母親的希望，故選C。
10. 根據(jù)語境顯然選C，如取名為“建國”、“衛(wèi)國”等。
【模擬試題】（答題時間：60分鐘）
完形填空練習：
（A）
Mother's Day is a 1 for mothers. It is celebrated in the United States, England, India and __2 countries. In a short time, it becomes widely celebrated. Mother's Day 3 on the second Sunday in May. On that day, many people 4 gifts of love to their mothers.
In China, people do the same on the day for mothers. And, in some cities, people sometimes ask 5 to be broadcast（廣播） on the radio for his or her mother only. 6 might cost a little money, 7 ,as it is said,“ 8 is invaluable（無價的）.”
On May 8,1999,just the day before the Mother's Day that year, a Chinese __9 __was killed in a criminal bombing（罪惡轟炸） in Yugoslavia（南斯拉夫）.Her name is Shao Yunhuan, a __10__,who wrote lots of articles（文章） for Chinese newspapers. All the Chinese will remember her for ever.
（ ） 1.A.day B. holiday C. weekend D. thank
（ ） 2.A.the other B. any other C. some other D. another
（ ） 3.A.lasts B. holds C. makes D. falls
（ ） 4.A.put B. send C. write D. post
（ ） 5.A.a present B. a song C. some flowers D. some clothes
（ ） 6.A.This B. These C. She D. They
（ ） 7.A.but B. though C. then D. so
（ ） 8.A.Monday B. Time C. Love D. Hate
（ ） 9.A.boy B. girl C. father D. mother
（ ） 10.A.worker B. reporter C. doctor D. teacher
（B）
We live in the “computer age”.Just 41 years 11 ，computers couldn't do much. They were very big and expensive. They used a lot of energy （能量）.Only 12 people were interested 13 them. Today computers are smaller and cheaper. They can do 14__ difficult work.
Computers become important 15 many reasons （原因）.They work faster than man and make few mistakes. They can “remember” much information. A computer can do millions of problems 16 a few seconds. A person might 17 years to work out so many problems.
People now use computers in nearly every kind of work. Computers are very useful and the use of computers 18 growing. More computers mean more jobs for people, because people __19 to run and mend them. Would you like to learn 20 to run a computer?
（ ） 11. A. early B. ago C. late D. after
（ ） 12. A. few B. little C. a few D. a little
（ ） 13. A. in B. with C. on D. by
（ ） 14. A. and B. so C. but D. or
（ ） 15. A. in B. by C. for D. on
（ ） 16. A. with B. on C. at D. in
（ ） 17. A. need B. get C. want D. make
（ ） 18. A. are B. is C. has D. have
（ ） 19. A. may B. must C. should D. need
（ ） 20. A. why B. what C. how D. when
（C）
Market is a place we get food from. My 21 goes there every day.
Two or three __22 ago, I went with her to a 23 near our home. When we went inside, I saw the ground was 24 and a lot of people were doing 25 there. It was very noisy because so many people were speaking 26 . The sellers and the people were very __27__.There were many vegetables, fishes, and a lot of meat there. My mother 28 to buy some of them, but there were too many people. We had to wait for some time 29 we bought all the food we needed. Now everything in the market is much 30 than before.
（ ） 21. A. father B. mother C. sister D. friend
（ ） 22. A. days B. hours C. years D. times
（ ） 23. A. market B. shop C. place D. cinema
（ ） 24. A. clean B. empty C. full D. wet
（ ） 25. A. cooking B. shopping C. reading D. washing
（ ） 26. A. at the same time B. all the same C. all the day D. at times
（ ） 27. A. happy B. strange C. busy D. sorry
（ ） 28. A. asked B. tried C. liked D. helped
（ ） 29. A. after B. soon C. if D. until
（ ） 30. A. bigger B. higher C. better D. finer
（D）
Vitamins（維生素） are a discovery of this century. A hundred years 31 , no one knew anything 32 them. The vitamins are 33 by letters of alphabet. Vitamin A 34 by the eyes. There is Vitamin A in milk, butter and green vegetables. It 35 by the body.
Vitamin B must be supplied （提供） 36 by some of our food. The skins 37 grains of all sorts have Vitamin B in them.
Vitamin C is very important 38 the body. Without it 39 teeth will become loose and their arms and legs become weak. Oranges and tomatoes 40 Vitamin C in them.
There are other vitamins. But these A,B,C are the most important.
（ ） 31. A. before B. front C. ago D. ahead
（ ） 32. A. about B. of C. in D. for
（ ） 33. A. naming B. named C. is named D. names
（ ） 34. A. needs B. need C. is needed D. was needed
（ ） 35. A. stores B. be stored C. can store D. can be stored
（ ） 36. A. times B. in not time C. all the time D. any times
（ ） 37. A. of B. to C. on D. in
（ ） 38. A. for B. at C. with D. to
（ ） 39. A. people B. peoples' C. people's D. peoples
（ ） 40. A. has B. have C. there is D. there are
【試題答案】
（A） BCDBB，AACDB
（B） BCABC，DABDC
（C） BCADB，ACBDC
（D） CABCD，CADCB