供稿人：山東 邵立華
地 址：山東寧陽第二中學（磁窯）高中英語教研室（06屆高三英語備課組）
郵 編：271411 e-mail: g3yy@163.com / g3yy@yahoo.com.cn
手 機：13853891798
【說明】本節主要介紹過去分詞的用法，后面配有三種練習題（一是能力提高練習、二是過去分詞遷移應用精練（高考預測）、三是填空題）
非謂語是高中語法中的重點和難點項目，也是高考的重點、必考點，過去分詞是考查熱點之一。
一、過去分詞作狀語（考查較多）
①、弄清過去分此作狀語的最基本特點，過去分詞作狀語表示被動的和完成的動作(不及物動詞的過去分詞不表示被動，只表示完成)。
例如：Written in a hurry, this article was not so good!
導悟：written為過去分詞作狀語，表示這篇文章是被寫的，而且已經被寫。
再如：Given better attention, the plants could grow better.
提醒：有些過去分詞因來源于系表結構，作狀語時不表被動而表主動。這樣的過去分詞及短語常見的有：lost（迷路）；seated（坐）；hidden（躲）；stationed（駐扎）；lost/absorbed in（沉于）；born（出身于）；dressed in（穿著）；tired of（厭煩）。
Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, he didn’t hear the sound.因沉迷于思考之中，所以他沒有聽到那個聲音。
Born in this beautiful town, he hates to leave it.出生于這個美麗的小鎮，他不愿意離開它。
②、明確過去分詞作狀語時的邏輯主語，過去分詞作狀語時其邏輯主語為主句的主語，此時應注意人稱一致。
例-1：____the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge. (CET-4 1996,6)
A. Believed B.Believing C.Believed D.Being believed
本句意思為：相信地球是平的，許多人擔心哥倫布會從邊上掉下去。許多人與相信之間是主謂關系，及分詞與主語之間為主謂關系。因此，應用現在分詞，答案為B.
例-2：He looked tired and depressed, visibly disturbed by the news of his mother's illness.
導悟：分詞在句子中作狀語，使用何種分詞，要取決于分詞與句子主語的關系：主謂關系用現在分詞，動賓或被動關系用過去分詞。
例-3：Given another hour, I can also work out this problem.
導悟：given為過去分詞作狀語，它的邏輯主語為主句主語I，即I被再給一小時。
例-4：Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us.
導悟：seen為過去分詞作狀語，表“被看”，由語境可知，它的邏輯主語必須是城市，而不是“我們”，因為“我們”應主動看城市。
提醒：如果過去分詞作狀語時，前面再加邏輯主語，主句的主語就不再是分詞的邏輯主語，這種帶邏輯主語的過去分詞結構實際上屬于獨立主格結構。
如：The signal given, the bus started.信號一發出，汽車就開動了。
導悟：the signal是given的邏輯主語，因此主句的主語the bus就不是given的邏輯主語。
③、過去分詞作狀語的由來，過去分詞作狀語來源于狀語從句。和-ing分詞作狀語一樣，也可以表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。
例-1：Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. （表原因）因為淋了一場大雨，所以他全身濕透了。
導悟：caught in a heavy rain 為過去分詞作原因狀語，它來源于原因狀語從句Because he was caught in a heavy rain.
例-2：Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party. （表時間）
入黨以后，他決定獻身于黨的事業。
例-3：Compared with your brother, you should make greater efforts to study English.（表條件，相當于一個條件狀語從句） 和你哥哥相比，你應該更加努力學習英語。
例-4：Though warned of the storm, the farmers were still working in the fields.(=Though they had been warned….) （表讓步，相當于一個though/although引導的讓步狀語從句）
例-5： Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job. （表方式或伴隨情況）
我和父親坐在桌子旁邊討論著我的工作問題。
特別提醒-1：狀語從句改為過去分次有時還可保留連詞，構成“連詞+過去分詞”結構作狀語。“while ( when, once, until, if , though等連詞)＋過去分詞”結構。
Once recovered, he threw himself to work and made every effort to do it well.
When given a medical examination, you should keep calm.
特別提醒-2：過去分詞作狀語時，它的邏輯主語一般必須和句子的主語相一致。
例如：When asked why he came here, the boy kept silent.當那個男孩被問到為何來這里時，他沉默不語。
特別提醒-3：確過去分詞作狀語的位置。
過去分詞可放在主句前作句首狀語，后面常用逗號隔開：也可放在主句后面，前面用逗號與主句隔開。
如；He stood there silently , moved to tears.= Moved to tears, he stood there silently.
特別提醒-4：熟悉與高考鏈接情況，明確高考考查重點。
二、過去分詞作表語
過去分詞作表語并無“完成”或“被動”之意，表示主語的感受（感情）或心理狀態，主語多為人。
Don’t touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那個杯子，它是壞的。
He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜歡那禮服的式樣。
His response to the question was quite disappointing. I felt disappointed at his response.
提醒：過去分詞作表語不要與被動語態混為一體，過去分詞作表語表示主語的狀態，被動語態則表示被動的動作。
如：The road is covered with fallen leaves. （表狀態）
The road is covered by the fallen leaves. (表動作)
特別提醒:過去分詞和–ing分詞作表語的區別：
過去分詞作表語通常表示主語所處的狀態或感受，而-ing分詞作表語多表示主語所具有的特征，如：
Hearing the news, we felt very surprised. 聽到那個消息，我們感到很驚訝
The news is very surprising. 這個消息很令人驚訝。
They were frightened to hear the frightening sound. 他們聽到那可怕的聲音很害怕。
At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved to tears.
看到這么動人的情景，所有在場的人都感動得流下了眼淚。
英語中這樣的分詞還有很多，如：amusing, amused; encouraging, encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; exciting, excited; puzzling, puzzled; satisfying, satisfied; worrying, worried; tiring, tired; pleasing, pleased; interesting, interested; astonishing, astonished等。
三、過去分詞作賓補
過去分詞可以在allow, ask, consider, desire, expect, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, like, make, observe, order, permit, prefer, remember, request, require, see, urge動詞等后面作賓語補足語。能用作賓語補助語的過去分詞一般都完成是及物動詞，表示被動意義或已意義，有時兩者兼而有之。作賓語的過去分詞與賓語有邏輯上的動賓關系，即賓語是過去分詞動作的對象。
例-1： My elder brother had her wallet stolen on a train last week.
例-2：They managed to make themselves understood using very simple English. （用于使役動詞）
例-3：We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.（用于感官動詞）
例-3：After my encounter with her, I found myself greatly shaken.
例-4：You should keep her informed of what is going on here. （用于表狀態的動詞）
例-5：The teacher expected the students well prepared for the examination.
注意：在動詞see, hear, feel, watch, notice，perceive，observe, listen to, look at后既可用現在分詞做補語,也可用不定式做補語。用現在分詞表示動作正在進行,用不定式表示的動作的全過程已經完成。
如：*I saw Mr. White get off a bus.
*I saw Mr. White looking into the shop window.
*--Do you hear someone knocking at the door?
--Yes, I did. I heard him knock three times.
特別提醒-1： 動詞have后所接的三種賓語補語。
▲主語讓別人做某事，強調主語的意志。
have somebody/something do something 不定式作補語必須省去to, 不定式動作由賓語發出，表示一次性的動作。如：The radio she had had repaired went wrong. 她請人修的收音機壞了。
▲表示“使完成某事”，可以是別人完成，也可以是自己參與完成。
We must get the work fulfilled by the end of this week.
▲ 主語遭到某種不幸或陷入惡劣的環境，說明賓語的一種無意識的被動行為。
Many people had their houses damaged in the serious typhoon（臺風）.
He had his leg broken in the match last month.他在上星期的比賽中摔斷了腿。
特別提醒-2：當這類句子變成被動語態時，過去分詞用作主語補語。
如：One of the glasses was found broken. 有人發現其中一個杯子破了。
They should be kept informed of the situation there. 應該讓他們知道那兒的形勢。
四、過去分詞作定語
過去分詞作定語時，相當于一個定語從句。單個的分詞通常放在被修飾的名詞之前，分詞短語一般置于所修飾的中心詞后面。過去分詞修飾承受該動作的名詞(即與名詞是動賓關系（現在分詞修飾的是發出該動作的名詞(即與名詞有主謂關系)。
例-1：My parents are both retired teachers.
例-2：We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.
例-3：As early as 1649 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must
be established in every town ____50 households or more.
A.having B. to have C.to have had D.having had
導悟：答案為A。后面由現在分詞做定語，而且town本身有50或以上人家，故town與分詞間為主謂關系，應該用現在分詞。
例-4：Most of the students invited to the garden party(=who were invited
to the garden party) came from our school.
例-5：The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 外國專家提出來的建議被經理采納了。
特別提醒:過去分詞和–ing分詞作定語的區別：
過去分詞作定語和-ing分詞作定語有一定的區別。試比較下面幾組短語：
boiled water開水 boiling water正沸騰的水
developed countries發展的國家 developing countries發展中國家
fallen leaves落葉 falling leaves 正在飄落的葉子
changed condition改變了的情況 changing condition變化著的情況
由此可見，過去分詞作定語通常表示完成的或被動的動作；而-ing分詞作定語可以表示正在進行的主動的動作。
五、高考鏈接： 看一看高考是怎樣考的？
1. _____ in the mountain for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.（05江蘇卷）
A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing
2. ______ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. （05湖南卷）
A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed
3. When _______ help, one often says“Thank you.”or“It’s kind of you.” （05福建卷）
A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered
4．______ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. （05上海卷）
A. Put B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put
5．You should understand the traffic rule by now. You've had it_______ often enough. （05天津卷）
A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained
6．The prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses _________ vacation to China. (05北京卷)
A. paying B. paid C. to be paid D. being paid
7．The repairs cost a lot ,but it’s money well_______.（05湖北卷）
A．to spend B．spent C．being spent D．spending
8．The disc, digitally _______ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. (04上海卷)
A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded
9.It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _______ at the meeting by my boss. （04全國卷III）
A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned
10.Helen had to shout _______ above the sound of the music. （04全國卷II）
A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear
C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard
■一、能力提高練習：
1.When the little child caught sight of the young woman _____ in white he started brawling immediately.
A. worn B. wearing C. dressed D. putting on
2.The author gave a detailed description _______on his personal observation of nature．
A.based B.to base C.to be based D. basing
3.______ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.
A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. having been followed by
4.These students are quick at learning． We’ll have them in new methods．
A.train B.training C.trained D.to train
5. Most of the people _______ to the party were famous scientists.
A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting
6. ________ more attention, the trees could have grown better.
A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given
7. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _________ behind his back.
A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied
8. The computer center, _______ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.
A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened
9. ________ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose
10. The Olympic Games, _________ in 776BC, didn’t include women players until 1912.
A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to be first played
11. Don’t get _________ in the rain.
A. to be caught B. catching C. to catch D. caught
12. I found a car _________ in a pool by the side of the road.
A. to be stuck B. stuck C. sticking D. stick
13. ---By the way, when did you get your bedroom _______ ? ---Last week.
A. to paint B. painted C. painting D. to be painted
14. Through the examination one of the boys in the class was found _______ by a(an)______ disease.
A. infecting; knowing B. infected; unknown
C. to be infected; to be known D. be infected; unknown
15. They found a ______ old woman _______ on the ground when the door was broken down.
A. dying, lying B. dead, lied C. death, laying D. died, lain
16. On a _____ morning the little girl was found _______ at the corner of the street.
A. freezing, freezing B. freezing, frozen C. frozen, frozen D. frozen, freezing
17. We're _________ to listen to her ________ voice. It's _________ to hear her sing.
A. pleased; pleasing; pleasure B. pleased; pleasant; a pleasure
C. pleasing; pleased; a pleasure D. pleasing; pleasant; pleasure
18. When I came home last night, I saw my little kid _______ on bed, with his whole attention ______ upon the book about Harry Porrer.
A. lying; fixing B. lay; fixed C. sitting; to fix D. seated; fixed
19. ______ from space, the earth, with water _______ seventy percent of its surface, looks like a blue ball.
A. Seen, covered B. Seen, covering C. Seeing, covering D. Seeing, covered
20. An ________and _______ crowd is awaiting the arrival of the film star.
A. excited; happy B. exciting; happy C. exciting; happily D. excitedly; happily
keys: 1---5 C A B C A 6---10 A D D C A 11-15 D B D B A 16---20 B B B B A
供稿人：山東 邵立華
地 址：山東寧陽第二中學（磁窯）高中英語教研室（06屆高三英語備課組）
郵 編：271411 e-mail: g3yy@163.com / g3yy@yahoo.com.cn
手 機：13853891798
■二、過去分詞遷移應用精練（高考仿真訓練）
1．People cannot but feel _____, for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake.
A. puzzled B. delighted C. puzzling D. delighting
2．And there , almost _______ in the big chair, sat her little brother, who never had to be told to keep quiet.
A. having lost B. losing C. to be lost D. lost
3. As the saying goes, friendship is like money: easier made than _______.
A. to be done B. doing C. to keep D. kept
4. _______ in a friendly way, their quarrel came to an end.
A. Being settled B. Settled C. Having settled D. Settling
5. The girl is _______ to be a good dancer if she well trained in an art school.
A. gifted and promised B. gifted and promising
C. gifting and promising D. gift and promised
6.You see this kind of products _______, wherever you go in the city.
A. advertised B. being advertising C. advertising D. having advertised
7. The traffic problem, which we are expecting _______ , should have attracted the local government’s attention.
A. seeing to solve B. to see to solve C. to see solved D. seeing solving
8. _______ of danger in the street at night, she had to stay all night, with no one _______.
A. Though warned; to talk with B. Having warned; talked about
C. Warned; to talk to D. to warn; talking with
9. _______ , these letters were difficult for me to read.
A. To write in German B. Written in the German language
C. Having been written with German D. Being written in German
10.This noon my boss replied _______ the invitation ______ before he went home.
A. on; receiving B. to; received C. on; accepted D. to; accepting
11._______ one of the leading poets in America today, Sonia Sanchez has also written a number of novels and plays.
A. Considering being B. Considered
C. Having considered as D. To consider
12.--- Are all the names of your class _______ here?
--- Yes, all _______ those who are absent.
A. listed; included B. listing; includes
C. listed; including D. being listed; being included
13.The power station keeps the villages _______ with electricity.
A. supplied B. to supply C. supplying D. having supplied
14. The dog, ________, will be made a good watchdog.
A. to train properly B. being trained properly
C. properly to train D. trained properly
15．It was getting dark; I found a car _______ in a pool by the side of the road.
A. to be stuck B. stuck C. sticking D. stick
16. The thief fell to the ground, his left foot _______ and blood _______ down from his mouth.
A. breaking; running B. broken; running C. breaking; run D. broken; run
17. The program was so exciting that the children kept their eyes _______ on the screen.
A. to fix B. to be fixed C. fixed D. fixing
18. --- Did you get a dictionary?
--- No, I _____, but there were not any _____.
A. tried; to be left B. had tried to; leaving C. tried to; left D. had tried; have left
19. When he came to, he found himself _____ on a chair, with his hands _____ back.
A. to sit; tying B. sitting; tying C. seating; tied D. seated; tied
20. The joke told by Tom made us _____, so the teacher couldn’t make himself _____.
A. to laugh; hearing B. laughing; heard C. laughing; hear D. laughed; heard
21. Seeing the soldiers well _____ for the flood-fight, the general nodded with satisfaction.
A. prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. having prepared
22. Don’t worry. I’ll have it _____ and get someone _____ it to you tomorrow.
A. typed; send B. to type; to send C. type; send D. typed; to send
23.Turning around, she found his eyes _______ upon her with an anger expression.
A. Fixing B. fixed C. to fix D. were fixing
24.In recent years, a series of landmark buildings _______ by international architects have been set up in Shanghai.
A. to be designed B. designed C. designing D. having designed
25．_____ as the "first lady of speech", Dr, Lillian Glass is recognized as one of the world’s leading experts on communication skills.
A. Knowing B. Having known C. Known D. To be known
26．Only____ according to the directions can the medicine be quite effective.
A. taking B. taken C. being taken D. having been taken
27. New ideas sometimes have to wait for years before _____.
A. being fully accepting B. fully accepting
C. having fully accepted D. fully accepted
28. Having passed all the tests, she felt a great weight _____ off her mind.
A. taking B. taken C. take D. to be taken
29. The 18-storeyed building, when _____, will shut out the sun _____ up the rooms in my house.
A. completed; lighted B. completing; lighting
C. completing; lighted D. completed; lighting
30.With ______ leaves ______ in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer.
A. falling ; burying B. fallen; buried C. fallen; burying D. falling; buried
遷移應用精練答案及簡析：
1．答案：A.。be (feel, get) puzzled感到迷惑、為難。句意：人們不得不感到迷惑，因為他們簡直不能理解，他怎么能犯這樣愚蠢的錯誤。
2．答案：D。lost in結構（be lost in去be）作方式狀語。
3. 答案：D。與上文并列用過去分詞，如：It’s easier said than done.。
4. 答案：B。Settled作狀語，表伴隨。
5. 答案：B。本句用and連接并列成分，gifted作表語表示“聰慧的”，promise作并列謂語動詞表示“有希望”。
6.答案：A。用過去分詞表被動。
7. 答案：C。考查過去分詞作賓補。從語境看本句的正常語序是：we are expecting to see the traffic problem solved，是see sth. done結構。
8. 答案：C。考查過去分詞作狀語。
9. 答案：B。過去分詞表原因，現在分詞的被動語態強調動作正在進行（還原為從句后是進行時態），不合題意。
10. 答案：B。reply to sth.表示“對……作出答復”，第二空用過去分詞作定語。
11.答案：B。本句表示他被認為是，要用過去分詞，后接(to be)+n./adj.作補助語，即considered(to be) one of the poets。
12.答案：C。考查非謂語。第一空用list（列名單）的被動語態，第二空用including作介詞表示“包括”。
13.答案：A。考查非謂語的正確使用。Keep sth. done表被動含義。
14. 答案：D。過去分詞短語作條件狀語，相當于if it is trained properly。watchdog看門狗。
15．答案：B . 由短語be stuck in（陷入）可知此處應用過去分詞作賓語補足語。
16. 答案：B . 考查獨立主格結構。foot和break之間是被動關系，blood和run是主動關系。
17. 答案：C. 由固定結構fix one’s eyes on/upon...可知此處應用過去分詞。
18. 答案：C。18. tried to后省去了get one。
19. 答案：D。由seat的用法(be seated)可知第一空應用seated作賓語補足語；with his hands tied back為with的復合結構在句中作伴隨狀語。
20. 答案：B。
21. 答案：C。由固定短語be (well) prepared for可知此處應用過去分詞作賓補。
22.答案：D。此處為have sth. done結構和get sb. to do sth. 結構。
23.答案：B。
24.答案：B。過去分詞作定語，表一個被動的，已經完成的動作，相當于定語從句。
25．答案為C。該題考查過去分詞在句中用作原因狀語。根據句意及句子結構可知，句子的主語Dr, Lillian Glass實際上就是選項動詞的主語，相當于As he is known as ...引導的原因狀語從句，為被動結構，故選過去分詞known。解答該題的關鍵在于根據句意，準確判斷選項動詞在句中所作成分。
26．答案B。根據句意可知，選項動詞的邏輯主語the medicine與動詞take之間為被動關系，實際上相當于一個時間狀語從句only when it is taken...結構，故應選taken在句中用作狀語。解答該題的關鍵在于正確區分分詞的用法。
27. 答案：D。before full accepted相當于before they are fully accepted。
28. 答案：B。feel后可接含有非謂語動詞的復合結構。此處賓語與賓語補足語之間為被動關系，故用過去分詞。題意為“所有考試都通過后，她感覺如釋重負。”
29. 答案：D。when completed=when it is completed；lighting up...在此相當于which lights up...。
30.答案：B。
供稿人：山東 邵立華
地 址：山東寧陽第二中學（磁窯）高中英語教研室（06屆高三英語備課組）
郵 編：271411 e-mail: g3yy@163.com / g3yy@yahoo.com.cn
手 機：13853891798
■三、用所給動詞的適當形式填空
1.The _______situation of the chess game really ________ every member in the game-watching room.
(confuse)
2.________( determine) to train his son in English, he put an ad like this in the paper, “ _______(want) an English teacher for a twelve-year-old boy. ”
3.With his finger_______(point) to the ________(break) window, the teacher asked: “Who did that?”
4. I was fortunate to pick up a wallet _______(lie) on the ground on the way home , but unfortunately for me , I found my colour TV set _______(steal) when I got home .
5. Mrs White was glad to see the nurse ____ after her son and her daughter and was also pleased to see children well ____ care of in the nursery
6.Though _______(lack) money, he managed to have his own company _______ (start).
7.________(accuse) of taking bribes, he was sentenced to death.
8. She felt rather that she heard such a news. (delight)
9.Jack’s umbrella requires _______, but he didn’t get it soon enough at John’s, for John had a lot of umbrellas______ at the time. (repair)
10. _______ (remind) of the matter many times, Tom was still _________(puzzle) about it.
填空答案：
1.confusing; confused
2.Determined; Wanted
3.pointing; broken
4. lying ; stolen
5. looking ; taken
6.lacking; started
7.Accused
8.delighted; delighting
9. repairing; repaired, to repair
10.Reminded; puzzled
供稿人：山東 邵立華
地 址：山東寧陽第二中學（磁窯）高中英語教研室（06屆高三英語備課組）
郵 編：271411 e-mail: g3yy@163.com / g3yy@yahoo.com.cn
手 機：13853891798