內(nèi) 容 提 要
形容詞和副詞在語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)中主要用于比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。形容詞和副詞的構(gòu)成形式基本上一樣，它們的形式與單音節(jié)、雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)有關(guān)，當(dāng)然還有其特殊形式。形容詞和副詞比較級(jí)的基本用法分為同級(jí)比較、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)三種形式。但這三種形式都有它們特殊的表達(dá)方式以及它們的慣用法。對(duì)以下要點(diǎn)大家須一一掌握。
I形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的形式
一、形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成
形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)變化形式規(guī)則如下
構(gòu) 成 法 原 級(jí) 比 較 級(jí) 最 高 級(jí)
① 一般單音節(jié)詞末尾加瞖r 和 瞖st strong stronger strongest
② 單音節(jié)詞如果以瞖結(jié)尾，只加瞨 和瞫t strange stranger strangest
③ 閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞如末尾只有 一個(gè)輔音字母，
須先雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母，再加瞖r和瞖st sad
big
hot sadder
bigger
hotter saddest
biggest
hottest
④ 少數(shù)以瞴,瞖r(或瞮re),瞣w,瞓le結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞， 末尾加瞖r和瞖st(以瞴結(jié)尾的詞，如瞴前是輔音字母， 把y變成i，再加瞖r和瞖st，以瞖結(jié)尾的詞仍加瞨和瞫t) angry
clever
narrow
noble angrier
cleverer
narrower
nobler angrest
cleverest
narrowest
noblest
⑤ 其他雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞都在前面加單詞more和most different more
different most
different
1) The most high ［A］ mountain in ［B］ the world is Mount Everest， which is situated ［C］ in Nepal and is twenty瞡ine thousand one hundred and fourty one feet high ［D］ .
2) This house is spaciouser ［A］ than that ［B］ white ［C］ one I bought in Rapid City， South Dakota ［D］ last year.
3) Research in the social ［A］ sciences often proves difficulter ［B］ than similar ［C］ work in the physical ［D］ sciences.
二、形容詞比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)的特殊形式：
1. 三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上音節(jié)的形容詞只能加more和most
只能說(shuō) more beautiful而不能說(shuō)beautifuller; 只能說(shuō)the most beautiful而不能說(shuō)beautifullest。
但是，以形容前綴瞮n結(jié)尾的三音節(jié)形容詞不適合上述情況，如unhappy,untidy，我們可以說(shuō)：unhappier→unhappiest, untidier→untidiest
2. 由睮NG分詞和睧D分詞演變過(guò)來(lái)的形容詞(包括不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞如know→known)只能加more或most來(lái)表示它們的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)
more(most) striking, more(most) interesting, more(most) wounded, more(most)worn等。
4) The drawings ［A］ of the old masters ［B］ are among the treasuredest ［C］ works in museums ［D］ .
3. 英語(yǔ)里有些形容詞由于其詞義而不可能有比較級(jí)形式
absolute fatal main right universal
chief final naked simulta- utter
entire foremost perfect neous vital
eternal inevitable possible sufficient whole
excellent infinite primary supreme wooden
三、不規(guī)則形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形式
good well better best
bad ill worse worst
many much more most
little few less least
far farther farthest
further furthest
5) African elephants are larger， fiercer， and difficulter ［A］ to tame ［B］ than ［C］ Asian elephants ［D］ .
6) Sarah Hale became ［A］ one of the famousest ［B］ magazine ［C］ editors in the United States during ［D］ the 1800’s.
7) Of all ［A］ the Native American tribes ［B］ ， the Shawnee Indians were ［C］ a most ［D］ transient.
四、例題解析
1) A錯(cuò)。應(yīng)將“most high”改為highest。這是在考形容詞比較級(jí)的構(gòu)成形式。
2) A錯(cuò)。改為more spacious。
3) B錯(cuò)。 改為more difficult。
4) C錯(cuò)。 treasured 在本句中是睧D分詞(動(dòng)詞treasure ＋ed)作形容詞使用，是“寶貴的、珍貴的”意思，修飾名詞 works(作品)，其最高級(jí)形式應(yīng)用 the most treasured。
5) A錯(cuò)，改為more difficult。
6) B錯(cuò)。改為“the most famous”，因?yàn)閒amous(著名的)是雙音節(jié)，其最高級(jí)變化應(yīng)在前面加“the most”。
7) D錯(cuò)。應(yīng)改為“the most”，因?yàn)榇颂幈硎镜氖亲罡呒?jí)，“the most transient”意為“(延續(xù)時(shí)間)最短暫的”。
II 副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的形式
副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化形式與形容詞基本上一樣
一般 副詞
hard→harder →hardest
fast→faster →fastest
late→later →latest
early→earlier →earliest
特殊 副詞
well →better →best
much →more →most
badly →worse →worst
little →less →least
但是，開(kāi)放類(lèi)副詞即以后綴瞝y結(jié)尾的副詞不能像形容詞那樣加瞖r或瞖st，如
quickly →more quickly →most quickly quietly →more quietly →most quietly
［注］： early中的瞝y不是后綴，故可以把瞴變瞚再加瞖r和瞖st
III形容詞與副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的基本用法
一、原級(jí)比較的基本用法
1. 原級(jí)比較由“as＋形容詞或副詞(或再加名詞或短語(yǔ))＋as ”構(gòu)成“原級(jí)相同”比較句，表示兩者比較；其否定式，即“程度不及”比較句型為“not so(as) ＋形容詞或副詞＋as”，而且as…as結(jié)構(gòu)前可用just, almost, nearly, quite等表示程度的詞修飾
1) Walking briskly for thirty minutes will burn as many calories as .
［A］ to run for fifteen minutes
［B］ running for fifteen minutes
［C］ you run for fifteen minutes
［D］ fifteen瞞inute walking
2) The gorilla(大猩猩)， while ［A］ not quite as curious than ［B］ the chimpanzee(黑猩猩)， shows more persistence ［C］ and memory retention(記憶力) in solving ［D］ a problem.
3) Alaska is twice ［A］ as larger ［B］ as ［C］ the next largest ［D］ state， Texas.
2. “as (so)＋名詞＋as＋名詞”進(jìn)行名詞比較，這時(shí)一般情況下有一個(gè)表示原級(jí)的比較詞，但如果第一名詞前出現(xiàn)了形容詞修飾該詞或出現(xiàn)副詞修飾謂語(yǔ)，應(yīng)當(dāng)用so而不用as
4) Thomas Jefferson’s achievements as an architect rival his contributions a politician.
［A］ such
［B］ more
［C］ as
［D］ than
5) I should say Henry is not much a writer as a reporter. (88年考題)
［A］ that
［B］ so
［C］ this
［D］ as
二、比較級(jí)
1. 比較級(jí)由“形容詞(副詞)比較級(jí)＋than＋…，”構(gòu)成表示在兩者中間一方比另一方“更加…”。連詞than后可接句子，也可接名詞、代詞、名詞短語(yǔ)、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、睮NG結(jié)構(gòu)和睧D結(jié)構(gòu)，有時(shí)也可省去than。
6) Natural mica(云母) of ［A］ a superior ［B］ quality is cheapest ［C］ to obtain than synthetic ［D］ mica.
7) She is older than .
［A］ any other girl in the group
［B］ any girl in the group
［C］ all girls in the group
［D］ you and me as well as the group
8) Josephine McCrackin joined ［A］ the “Santa Cruz Sentinel” in 1905 and， until her death fifteen years late ［B］ ， remained ［C］ active in journalistic ［D］ work.
2. 注意than前后兩項(xiàng)相比較的人或事物要一致
9) The purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than .
［A］ ours
［B］ with us
［C］ for ours it had
［D］ it did for us
10) Sound travels air.
［A］ faster through water than through
［B］ faster than through water and
［C］ through water faster and
［D］ where it is faster through water than through
11) Gerbrand von den Feckhout， one of Rembrand’s pupils， followed ［A］ the style of his teacher so implicitly that ［B］ his paintings ［C］ are sometimes confused with his master ［D］ .
三、最高級(jí)
1. 最高級(jí)用于三者以上比較，形容詞的結(jié)構(gòu)形式是“定冠詞＋形容詞最高級(jí)＋名詞＋表示范圍的短語(yǔ)或從句”(如all, of all, of the tree, in the world, that has ever taken place等)
12) The more ［A］ fearsome of all the ［B］ animals in ［C］ the Western ［D］ Hemisphere is the grizzly bear.
13) Of all economic ［A］ problems， inflation continues to be ［B］ a ［C］ most significant in its daily impact on ［D］ people and business.
14) ， the most familiar to general public is the criminal jurisdiction.
［A］ All the activities
［B］ The activities
［C］ Of all the activities
［D］ It is the activities
2. 副詞的最高級(jí)與形容詞最高級(jí)的區(qū)別在于最高級(jí)前沒(méi)有定冠詞the
四、例題解析
1) B為正確答案。
2) B錯(cuò)。改為 as ，和前面的as和形容詞原形curious 一起構(gòu)成同程度比較。
3) B錯(cuò)。 改為as large。
4) C對(duì)。動(dòng)詞rival(勝過(guò)、匹敵)前后是兩個(gè)相比較的成分achievements(成果)和 contributions(貢獻(xiàn))，由于前面的名詞后出現(xiàn)了短語(yǔ) as an architect，故空白處也應(yīng)用as，使前后對(duì)比成分一致。
5) B為正確答案。
6) C錯(cuò)。應(yīng)改為比較級(jí)cheaper。比較級(jí)后并不一定跟接連詞than，有時(shí)在其間有名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)(被形容詞所修飾)，介詞短語(yǔ)，不定式或其他成分隔開(kāi)。
7) A為正確答案。“She”作為單個(gè)不能跟全組比(C和D不對(duì))，也不能跟全組所有相比，因?yàn)椤八币彩瞧渲幸粏T，自然“她”不能跟自己相比。這里“She”比較的是“這組中的任何一個(gè)”，所以A對(duì)。
8) B錯(cuò)。應(yīng)改為比較級(jí)later，因此處實(shí)為與1905年相比晚15年，故應(yīng)使用比較級(jí)。
9) D為正確答案。
10) A為正確答案。
11) D錯(cuò)。 改為his master’s。
12) A錯(cuò)。 改為most。
13) C錯(cuò)。改為the， significant是多音節(jié)形容詞，在此處應(yīng)用最高級(jí)形式(在前面加 the most)，注意句中的“of all… ”。
14) C為正確答案。本句空白處缺狀語(yǔ)，A和B全為名詞短語(yǔ)，不符合條件；D為句子，和空白后面的句子沒(méi)有任何聯(lián)系，故亦應(yīng)排除。只有C正確，和后面的最高級(jí)the most familiar前后呼應(yīng)。
IV 形容詞和副詞的特殊表達(dá)法
一、形容詞與副詞的同級(jí)比較： 由“as(so)…as”引出，其否定式為“not so…”或“not as…as”,考生還應(yīng)注意下列含有“as”結(jié)構(gòu)或短語(yǔ)的句子
1. as such：表示上文所指明的事或人
He is a child,and must be treated as such. 他是個(gè)孩子，必須被當(dāng)作孩子對(duì)待。
2. as much：表示“與…同量”
Take as much as you like. 拿多少都行。
I would gladly have paid twice as much for it. 就是價(jià)格再貴一倍，我也會(huì)愿意把它買(mǎi)下的。
He as much as admitted the whole story. 他幾乎全部承認(rèn)了。
3. as many：表示“與…一樣多”
I found six mistakes in as many lines. 我在六行中發(fā)現(xiàn)了六個(gè)錯(cuò)。
二、表示“幾倍于”的比較級(jí)：用twice (兩倍)，four times (四倍)，ten times (十倍)加上as … as 結(jié)構(gòu)
This one is four times as big as that one. 這個(gè)是那個(gè)的四倍大。(這個(gè)比那個(gè)大三倍。) / Our campus is three times as large as yours. 我們的校園比你們的大兩倍。 / He has books twice as many as she does. 他的書(shū)比她多一倍。
1) The five瞴ear deal obligates ［A］ the country to buy nine million tons ［B］ of grain a year ［C］ ， three million more as ［D］ the old pact’s minimum.
三、“the same ＋名詞＋as”表示同等比較
2) The lens of a camera performs the lens of the eye.
［A］ in the same function
［B］ the same function as
［C］ the function is the same as
［D］ and has the same function
3) The elimination of inflation would ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would have as the amount of money borrowed.
［A］ as the same value
［B］ the same value
［C］ value as the same
［D］ the value is the same
四、比較級(jí)前可用a little, a bit, slightly, a great deal, a lot,many, much等詞語(yǔ)表示不定量，far, completely,still表示程度或更進(jìn)一步
4) There are now methods for studying color vision in infants than there once were.
［A］ more sophisticated than
［B］ much more sophisticated
［C］ much sophisticated
［D］ sophisticated
5) The photographs of Mars taken by satellite are than those taken from the Earth.
［A］ clearest
［B］ the clearest
［C］ much clearer
［D］ more clearer
6) Common porpoises(海豚) are usually not considered ［A］ migratory， although ［B］ some do move ［C］ to more warmer ［D］ waters in winter.
五、與比較級(jí)有關(guān)的特殊詞用法
1. no more than …表示“只不過(guò)”，“并不比…”(等于not any more than)
7) During observations made over a fifty瞴ear period， the power output of the Sun has than a few tenths of one percent.
［A］ varied by no more
［B］ varied no more by
［C］ not varied more by
［D］ more varied by not
Man cannot live without food any more than plants can grow without sunshine. 人沒(méi)有食物不能生存，植物沒(méi)有陽(yáng)光也不能生長(zhǎng)。
There is no difficulty with this task any more than with that one. 這項(xiàng)任務(wù)沒(méi)有困難，那項(xiàng)任務(wù)也沒(méi)有困難。
2. no less than 表示“不亞于”
There are no less than five hundred people present at the New Year party.
出席新年晚會(huì)的有五百人之多。(出席的人較多)
3. not less than 表示“不少于”
There are not less than five hundred people present at the New Year party.
出席新年晚會(huì)的只有五百人。(出席的人較不多)
4. more often than not 表示“多數(shù)情況下”
On Friday mornings, he comes late more often than not.
多數(shù)情況下，他星期五來(lái)得晚。
5. all the more 因而更加
We really admired him all the more for his frankness. 我們更加欽佩他的坦率。
6. (be) better off 較富裕，環(huán)境較好
8) Few of the people who live on the cooperatives than they were as laborers.
［A］ is well off financial
［B］ financially well off
［C］ are better off finanically
［D］ financial better off
7. had better 最好……
Come, you had much better have the thing out at once. 來(lái)，你最好把這東西弄出去。
8. less than 不到
The first steam locomotive could have a top speed of only thirteen mph(miles per hour) and the great sailing ships of the time labored along at less than half that speed.第一列蒸汽火車(chē)最快每小時(shí)只有13英里，那時(shí)的大船還不到這個(gè)速度的一半。
9. little more than 差不多
The grain in their barn is little more than that of ours. 他們倉(cāng)的糧食跟我們倉(cāng)的糧食差不多。
10. more than 超過(guò)，不止
I have waited for your for more than two hours. 我等了你兩個(gè)多小時(shí)。
11. more or less 大體上，或多或少
The work is more or less finished. 工作大體算完成了。
Most of them came here to near money, more or less Mr.Wang worked for his cause.他們大都來(lái)掙錢(qián)的，但王先生有點(diǎn)像為事業(yè)而工作。
12. other than除了
They imposed no pre瞔onditions other than that the meeting should be held in their capital. 除了會(huì)議要在他們的首都開(kāi)之外，他們沒(méi)有提出任何先決條件。
13. rather than 而不是，與其…寧愿(rather than表示“與其…寧愿”時(shí)，如果位于句首引導(dǎo)句子，有虛擬的成分，相當(dāng)于“… would rathe than，”所以rather than后面跟動(dòng)詞原形)
Read what interests you; read what you have time for magazines and newspapers rather than novels.
讀你感興趣的東西，讀你有時(shí)間讀的東西，如雜志和報(bào)紙而不是小說(shuō)。
Rather than allow the potatoes to go bad, she sold them at half price. 她以半價(jià)把土豆給賣(mài)了，而沒(méi)有讓它們爛掉。
Rather than cause trouble, he left. 為了不惹事，他還是走了。
9) He came all the way to China for promoting friendship for making money.
［A］ other than
［B］ better than
［C］ more than
［D］ rather than
10) He preferred to write the letter by hand .
［A］ to typing it
［B］ than type it
［C］ to type it
［D］ rather than type it
14. so much the better 就更好了
If she will help us, so much the better. 如果他能幫我們，那就更好了。
15. so much the worse 就更糟了
So much the worse for you if you still are absent from class. 如果你繼續(xù)逃課的話(huà)，就對(duì)你更不利了。
16. the more…the more(less)“越是……，就越……”
11) The harder he tried， ［A］ the worst ［B］ he danced ［C］ before the large ［D］ audience.
12) The quicker a loan ［A］ is repaid ［B］ ， the least ［C］ it will ［D］ cost.
六、比較中的省略
1. 在as…as中，as從句可省略整個(gè)謂語(yǔ)部分，保留主語(yǔ)
She sings as well as her sister. 她跟她的姐姐唱得一樣好(省去了does)。
2. 可以省去謂語(yǔ)部分，保留主語(yǔ)和be、have等助動(dòng)詞
Susan has done as much housework as you have. (省去了done。)
3. 可以省去主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)，只剩下?tīng)钫Z(yǔ)
It is not as cold in Beijing as in Datong. 北京的天氣沒(méi)有大同冷。
4. than從句也可以省去整個(gè)謂語(yǔ)部分，保留主語(yǔ)
They say that blood is thicker than water, that our relatives are more important to us than others. 他們說(shuō)血濃于水，親屬對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)比其他人更重要。
5. than從句省去部分謂語(yǔ)，保留主語(yǔ)和be,have或助動(dòng)詞
The white collar workers earn more than the blue workers do. 白領(lǐng)工人比藍(lán)領(lǐng)工人掙得多。
這時(shí) 我們可以進(jìn)行倒裝，即將than后從句中的be,have或助動(dòng)詞移到該從句的前邊
13) Hot objects emit do cold objects.
［A］ rays more than infrared(紅外線(xiàn))
［B］ rays are more infrared than
［C］ more than infrared rays
［D］ more infrared rays than
After all, big changes are relatively easier to make than are small ones. 相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)，大變動(dòng)比小變動(dòng)畢竟容易些。
The fact is that some drug addicts are much better able to cure addiction in each other than are psychiatrists; some convicts can run better rehabilitation programs for convicts than do correctional officers; some patients in mental hospitals are better for each other than is the staff. 事實(shí)上，有些吸毒成癮者與吸毒成癮者之間戒癮比精神病醫(yī)生的作用還好；有些罪犯在改造其他罪犯方面比教改人員強(qiáng)；醫(yī)院里的病人與病人之間的溝通比醫(yī)務(wù)人員與病人間的溝通還強(qiáng)。
14) Last year the country had ［A］ fewer imports as ［B］ did the year before last ［C］ due to ［D］ the energy crisis.
6. than從句可以省去主語(yǔ)和部分謂語(yǔ)，保留賓語(yǔ)
Grandma gives more candies to her grandson than her granddaughter. 奶奶給孫子的糖比給孫女的多。(省去了she gives candies to)
7. than從句可以省去主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)，保留狀語(yǔ)
There are more books in this library than in that library. 這個(gè)圖書(shū)館的書(shū)比那個(gè)多。(省去了there are many books)
She is much better than yesterday. 她比昨天好多了。(省去了she was)
Signs of dishonesty in school, business, and government seem much more numerous in recent years than in the past. 近些年來(lái)在學(xué)校、商業(yè)和政府中欺詐的跡象比以前更多。
8. than從句可以省去主語(yǔ)，保留謂語(yǔ)部分
His speed of doing the work was much faster than had expected. 他干此事的速度遠(yuǎn)比想象的快。(省去了he或we)
9. 有時(shí)可以省去整個(gè)than從句
He is much healthier and happier. 她比以往任何時(shí)侯都健康幸福。(省去了than he was ever before)
10. 為了避免重復(fù)，我們經(jīng)常用that代替不可數(shù)名詞, those代替復(fù)數(shù)名詞,one代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)
15) Long Island， an ［A］ island that forms the ［B］ southeastern part of New York， has a ［C］ greater population than which ［D］ of forty瞭wo of thefifty states.
16) The grain of rye is longer ［A］ and slenderer ［B］ than ［C］ those of ［D］ wheat.
17) The activities of the international marketing researcher are frequently much broader than .
［A］ the domestic marketer has
［B］ the domestic marketer does
［C］ those of the domestic marketer
［D］ that which has the domestic marketer
七、隱含比較級(jí)
有時(shí)比較級(jí)并不一定出現(xiàn)than，這時(shí)通過(guò)上下文可喑示出，如：-Of the two oranges, which do you choose? -I like the larger one.這里的larger one是指前邊提到的兩個(gè)當(dāng)中的較大的一個(gè)。而且有些形容詞在表示比較的時(shí)候，跟“to”而不用“than”
1. prior to 較早的，較重要的
The task is prior to all others. 這項(xiàng)任務(wù)比其他所有的任務(wù)都重要。
I called on him prior to my departure. 動(dòng)身前我去看了他一趟。
2. superior to優(yōu)越，高于
In math he felt superior to John. 他覺(jué)得自己數(shù)學(xué)比約翰強(qiáng)。
They were resolved to rise superior to every obstacle. 他們決心戰(zhàn)勝一切困難。
3. inferior to 下等的，次的
These apples are inferior in flavour to those. 這些蘋(píng)果的味道不如那些。
4. senior to 年長(zhǎng)的，地位高的；junior年幼的，地位低的，遲的
He is two years senior to me. 他比我大兩歲。
Her appointment is junior to mine by six weeks. 她的任命比我遲六星期。
5. preferable to 更好的
Health without riches is preferable to riches without health.
貧窮但健康要比富有卻多病更可取。
6. prefer…to 更傾向于…
I prefer this to that. 我喜歡這個(gè)而不喜歡那個(gè)。
八、最高級(jí)在特殊短語(yǔ)中的使用：在有下列短語(yǔ)的句子中，往往使用最高級(jí)
1. one of…
18 The grape is cultivated plants.
［A］ one of the oldest
［B］ the oldest one
［C］ one which the oldest
［D］ the one is the oldest of
2. of(among) all＋三者以上名詞或代詞
19) ， William Shakespeare is the most widely known.
［A］ With all writers in English
［B］ All writers in English
［C］ All of the writers in English
［D］ Of all writers in English
20) The crane is of the wading birds.
［A］ the tallest
［B］ the tallest that is
［C］ which is the tallest
［D］ which the tallest is
3. in the world(或群體名詞)
21) The Appalachians Trail， extending ［A］ approximately 2，020 miles ［B］ from Maine to Georgia， is the longer ［C］ continuous ［D］ marked footpath in the world.
22) La Paz， Bolivia is the higher ［A］ capital city in ［B］ the western hemisphere and ［C］ the second瞙ighest ［D］ in the world.
九、其他有關(guān)比較的習(xí)慣表達(dá)法
1. “as ＋形容詞(副詞)＋as possible”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“最…，盡可能…”：“as quickly as possible”(盡量快)
23) The best way to control rats is by seeing that they have as .
［A］ possibly little nourishment
［B］ nourishment possibly little
［C］ little as possible nourishment
［D］ little nourishment as possible
2. “ sooner or later”是成語(yǔ)，表示“遲早、早晚”
24) Earlier ［A］ or later， all lakes are influenced ［B］ by eutrophication， a process in which lake sediment(沉積物) lowers the depth ［C］ of the water and drains(除去) oxygen from it ［D］ .
3. “would rather ＋動(dòng)詞原形＋than …”是慣用句型，表示“寧愿…而不愿…”，由于連詞than 要求前后所比較的成分要一致
25) Alexander Graham Bell once told his family that he would rather be remembered as a teacher of the deaf ＃5]of the telephone.
［A］ than inventing
［B］ than as the inventor
［C］ the invention
［D］ as the inventor
十、most表示“非常”： 有時(shí)most并不表示“最……”，而是作副詞表示“非常”之意。其實(shí)它是much的最高級(jí)，作形容詞用是“大多數(shù)”之意，前邊不加the。另外much與to構(gòu)成介詞詞組，表示“在很大程度上使……”that也可以作副詞用，表示“如此，那么”相當(dāng)于so
26) Wool is characteristic on which to classify breeds of sheep.
［A］ most obviously
［B］ obvious the most
［C］ the most obvious
［D］ the most obvious that is
27) The Democratic party has controlled ［A］ the most ［B］ of the elected positions at ［C］ state and local levels in South Carolina since ［D］ the Reconstruction.
28) During ［A］ the seventeenth century the most ［B］ colonists were primarily concerned with ［C］ D)] economics ［D］ and defense.
十一、形容詞與副詞的修飾關(guān)系： 一般來(lái)說(shuō)，形容詞用來(lái)作表語(yǔ)(與系動(dòng)詞連用，注意taste, feel, become等詞作系動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，它們后的表示應(yīng)該是形容詞，包括瞖d分詞)或作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞，而形容詞不能修飾形容詞包括睧D分詞；但副詞可以修飾形容詞(包括睧D分詞)，副詞還可以修飾副詞、動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)
29) Belgium, in the ［A］ 19th century, rapid ［B］ grew into ［C］ an industrial ［D］ country.
30) The Lost Colony in North Carolina mysterious ［A］ disappeared between ［B］ 1587 and 1590, when its ［C］ founder returned from a visit ［D］ to England.
十二、形容詞與副詞的位置
1. 當(dāng)幾個(gè)形容詞共同修飾同一名詞時(shí)，它們的先后順序是：限定詞→數(shù)詞→描述性形容詞→大小、長(zhǎng)短、形狀的形容詞→色彩形容詞→類(lèi)屬形容詞→表材料形容詞+被修飾的名詞；或只記住限定詞像a, the, my, their等詞在最前邊，其他詞根據(jù)它們與被修飾名詞關(guān)系的遠(yuǎn)近進(jìn)行安排
31) Many flatworms have of eyes.
［A］ more pairs than one
［B］ more than one pair
［C］ one more pair than
［D］ one pair more than
32) Of the two houses the family prefers .
［A］ the most isolated one
［B］ the one isolated more
［C］ the more isolated one
［D］ the isolated one more
33) Freezing is at present one of the of preserving meats and vegatables.
［A］ most methods are important
［B］ methods most important
［C］ most important methods
［D］ most are important methods
2. 一般來(lái)說(shuō)，單個(gè)副詞修飾形容詞時(shí)，副詞放在形容詞前；但enough修飾形容詞時(shí)要放在形容詞之后
good enough, mysterious enough
3. so修飾的是副詞，而such修飾的是名詞
34) The radio was of so ［A］ inferior quality that ［B］ I took it back ［C］ and asked for a better one ［D］ .
3. 形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)放在前邊，但修飾復(fù)合不定代詞(something, someone, somebody; anything, anyone, anybody; nothing, no瞣ne, nobody)時(shí)，則放在這些詞之后
something important, anything possible
十三、關(guān)于hardly, rarely, scarcely與seldom的用法
hardly“剛剛，不完全”，表示程度：I hardly know him. “我?guī)缀跽J(rèn)不出他了”，表示還是能認(rèn)出或者說(shuō)“我剛剛能認(rèn)出他”；hardly與any連用表示“幾乎沒(méi)有”，與ever連用表示“幾乎從來(lái)不”； scarcely的意思與hardly更接近。rarely“不經(jīng)常”，表示事物發(fā)生的頻率：He rarely goes there. 他很少(不經(jīng)常)去那里。seldom“很少，不經(jīng)常”，它與rarely更接近。
十四、例題解析
1) D錯(cuò)。 改為than。
2) B對(duì)。本句的漢語(yǔ)意思是“照相機(jī)的鏡頭和眼睛的水晶體所起的作用相同”。
3) B對(duì)。本句的漢語(yǔ)意思是“消除通貨膨漲會(huì)保證還的錢(qián)與借時(shí)的錢(qián)同值”。
4) B為正確答案。
5) C為正確答案。
6) D錯(cuò)。 改為warmer。
7) A為正確答案。
8) C為正確答案。
9) D為正確答案。
10) D為正確答案。
11) B錯(cuò)。 改為worse。
12) C錯(cuò)。 改為less。
13) D對(duì)。本句中的比較級(jí)為形容詞more (much 的比較級(jí))，被比較的兩個(gè)事物為“hot objects”和“cold objects”，在所釋放(emit)的紅外線(xiàn)(infrared rays)的量上，前者多于后者。其中more修飾infrared rays，它們不能被分開(kāi)，故只有D在詞序上正確。空白后面為倒裝語(yǔ)序，其中的do代替動(dòng)詞emit，本句空白后也可用正常語(yǔ)序，即“cold objects do”。
14) B錯(cuò)。 改為than。
15) D錯(cuò)。 改為that，代替population。
16) D錯(cuò)。 改為that。這里比較的“The grain”不是復(fù)數(shù)，不能用復(fù)數(shù)代詞those。
17) C為正確答案。比較句中，連詞than前后，即所比較的成分要一致，應(yīng)該在同種事物間進(jìn)行比較。本句所比較的是兩種 activities ，故C正確，代詞those 代替“the activities”。
18) A對(duì)。“one of the oldest…”表示“(歷史)最長(zhǎng)的栽種植物之一”，C和D均不合語(yǔ)法，而B(niǎo)選項(xiàng)中的one多余。
19) D為正確答案。
20) A為正確答案。
21) C錯(cuò)。只有在兩者相比較時(shí)才使用比較級(jí)，而本句出現(xiàn)了狀語(yǔ)in the world，明顯表示不止兩者相比，故應(yīng)改用最高級(jí) (the) longest 。
22) A錯(cuò)。 改為the highest。
23) D 為正確答案，“as little nourishment as possible ”意為“盡可能少的養(yǎng)料”。
24) A錯(cuò)。改為sooner。
25) B 為正確答案，兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)“as a teacher of the deaf”和“ as the inventor of the telephone”相比。
26) C為正確答案。注意： 空檔后的“characteristic”是名詞而不是形容詞，所以不能填A(yù)。
27) B錯(cuò)。 改為most。
28) B錯(cuò)。 改為most。
29) A錯(cuò)。改為rapidly。
30) A錯(cuò)。改為mysteriously。
31) B為正確答案。
32) C為正確答案。
33) C為正確答案。
34) A錯(cuò)。 改為such。