高 二 英 語（第6講）
主講：鄭天德 （蘇州中學）
[教學內容]
高二英語第二冊（上）
[教學要求]
1、掌握本單元的單詞，詞組與句型。
2、學會幾句常用口語：
I’m interested to read some Shakespeare’s sonnets.
我有興趣讀點莎士比亞的十四行詩。
I’ve never heard of Robert Frost, so I’m very interested in his poems.
我從沒聽說過羅伯特弗羅斯特，所以我對他的詩很有興趣。
I think it (will be ) too difficult to write a sonnet.
我想寫一首十四行詩太難了。
I don’t know much about John Milton except his “Paradise Lost”.
我除了他的“失樂園”，對約翰彌爾頓不甚了解。
3、語法：過去分詞作狀語。
[知識重點與學習難點]
一、重要單詞：
poem poetry poet intention recite pattern dialogue sort fantasy grammar glory sonnet absence district isle atmosphere introduction embrace tale shade extraordinary idiom crow mood apart insane essay recommend contribute
二、重點詞組：
play with … 玩要……，與……一起玩
call up 喚起，調動，打電話
stand out 出類拔萃，突出
come into being 出現，形式
[難點講解]
1、More than any other form of literature, poetry plays with sounds, words and grammar.
詩歌勝過任何其他文學形式更靈活地運用聲音，詞匯與語法。
上句中more than的用法是習語，又例：
They were more than glad to help. 他們非常樂意來幫忙。
He was more than upset by the accident.
對那個事故他遠不止是煩惱。
Newspapers and other media do more than simply record what happens.
報紙與其他媒體不僅僅是記錄發生的事情而已。
（注意比較上述例句的譯文。）
play的常見用法：
v.t. play football 踢足球 play cards 打牌
play chess 下棋
play the piano 彈鋼琴
the violin 拉小提琴
與……比賽/下棋……
We’ll play Class 3 at football.
Will you play me at chess?
Smith is playing the former champion in the tennis match.
史密斯正在與前網球冠軍比賽。
New York played Chicago for the baseball championship.
紐約與芝加哥爭奪棒球冠軍。
另有：
play “Hamlet” 演“漢姆雷特”這出戲
play (“the role/part of ”) Julie 扮演朱麗葉這角色
play a trick on … 捉弄
a joke
v.i. 玩，玩弄
Children like to play.
Can Bob come out to play with me? 鮑勃能出來和我一起玩嗎？
The cat is playing with a football. 這貓正在玩一個足球。
He is a playboy. He’s always playing with a girl’s affections.
他是個花花公子，他總是玩弄女孩的感情。
2、Poetry also calls up all the colors, feelings, experiences and curious images of a dream world.
詩歌也能喚起夢幻世界中的一切色彩、情感、經歷與各種奇妙的形象。
這里call up意為remind，喚起，但用法上有異，試比較：
His story called up (in my mind) a terrible experience I had last year.
reminded me of
他的故事使我想起我去年的一次可怕的經歷。
3、Modern English started around the time of William Shakespeare towards the end of the sixteenth century.
現代英語大約是在16世紀末莎士比亞時代開始的。
around大約，與about同義，在不定的數詞前some也有此義：
He is only about/around/some five feet tall.
The journey will take us about/around/some ten days.
The date of his death may be set around/about 86 B.C.
He lived about/around the same time as Einstein.
towards用于時間，意為快到，臨近：（注意與until比較）
We arrived at the village towards 9 o’clock. (We didn’t arrive at the village until 9 o’clock.)
The rain stopped towards morning. (The rain didn’t stop until morning.)
4、John Keats died at a very young age in 1821;while William Wordsworth, who spent much of his time in the English Lake District, lived to the age of 80 and died in 1850.
約翰濟慈英年早逝于1821年，而威廉華茲華斯很長時間在英格蘭湖區渡過，享年80歲，1850年逝世。
這里to意為到（某時）常可用till/until代之，意義不變：
To/Until the day of his death he kept up his studies.
He teaches from morning to/till four o’clock..
但否定句不能用until/till替換。
I didn’t stay to the end of the meeting. 我沒耽到會議結束。
(cf. I didn’t leave until the end of the meeting. 我直到會議結束才走。這句如用持續動詞stay，會有歧義，無法理解。)
5、The style and atmosphere in their poems has often led to comparisons with poets such as Du Fu and Li Bai. 他們的詩作的風格與氣氛常常導致與杜甫、李白的比較。
①領導，帶領之意，不跟to do：
He led the Allied forces during the war. 他在戰爭期間領導盟軍。
The Party leads us (in) building socialism. 黨領導我們建設社會主義。
He led a human right movement in the late 1980s. 他在80年代領導一場人權運動。
②使某人做某事：
What led him to run away? 什么使他逃之夭夭？
The news leads me to believe that they will come. 這個消息使我相信他們會來的。
③lead to導致，to是介詞。
Herd work leads to success. All roads lead to Rome.
The heavy rain led to a flood.
偶爾也用作v.t.：
What led you to (drawing) this conclusion? 什么導致你得出這個結論？
6、The introduction of English poetry to China came late. 英語詩歌傳入中國比較晚。
動詞introduce的使用，有一定難度，注意以下用法：
①介紹人與人之間的認識：
Allow me to introduce my friend Mr. Smith to you.
The chairman introduced the lecturer to the audience.
Have you been introduced? 你被引見了嗎？
②介紹，使人們了解一種知識，運動或藝術等等。直接賓語是被介紹對象：
It was my cousin who introduced me to jazz.
My father introduced me to the game of baseball.
Let me introduce you to Keats’ long poems.
③傳入，引入
Too many kinds of GM food have been introduced to China, which may bring about side effects.
Wang Shuo introduced the slang of Beijing street gangs into his novels.
王朔把北京街痞子的俚語引入了他的小說。
7、Besides, no matter how well a poem is translated, something of the spirit of the original work is lost. 一首詩不管譯得多好，都會失去原作的神韻。
no matter how well …是讓步狀語從句，讓我們小結一下讓步狀語從句的一些結構：
He didn’t light the fire though/although it was cold.
I’ll do it, even if/even though it takes all the afternoon.
Tall as/though he was, (yet) he couldn’t reach the apples.
Though/Although he was tall,
雖然他很高，但是他還是夠不到那些蘋果。
（可以與yet連用，但不能與but/however連用）
While I understand what you say, I can’t agree with you.
while作雖然解時，不能放在主句之后。
No matter what I did, no one paid any attentions. 不管我做什么，沒有人理睬。
Whatever
Don’t believe the rumour, no matter who repeats it.
whoever
The book will be ready for him (no matter) whether he comes or not.
No matter how hard she worked, she failed the exam in the end.
However hard
No matter when and how the invaders come, they will be wiped out clean.
不管侵略者何時來怎樣來，他們將被消滅干凈。
（注意這里有when and how兩個連詞一般不用whenever and however并列替換。）
8、I started with small poems, but now I think I most like long poems.
我一開始讀些短詩，但現在我想我最喜歡長詩了。
begin with, start with意為以什么為開始，一開始做什么，一般with后面不接動名詞，只接名詞、代詞：
I began with some short stories.
reading some short stories. ×
我一開始讀（或寫，根據當時情景而理解）一些短篇小說。
He is starting with grammar.
teaching grammar. ×
他將先講語法。
9、I close my book and my sadness is gone. 合上書本我的悲傷也就消失了。
gone是少數幾個其過去分詞可作非謂語的不及物動詞之一，意為過去的，消失的，丟失的等等：
Her diamond necklace was gone. （表語）
I found my wallet gone. （賓補）
Don’t regret the gone case. （定語）
cf: He has gone. 他走了或他離開了。
He is gone. 他死了或他失蹤了。
10、After Milton, almost every poet had a hand at this kind of poetry that was free of rhyme.
彌爾頓之后，幾乎每一位詩人都寫過這種無韻自由詩。
have a hand at/in … 參考，做過一點……，插手……
He had a hand at the gamble when he was young. 他年輕時干過賭博這行當。
None of your business, don’t have a hand in (it). 不要插手，與你無關。
He once had a hand at photography before he became an artist.
他成為畫家前搞過攝影。
11、Modern poets wanted to break with all the traditional forms of poetry.
現代詩人要破除詩歌的傳統形式。
這里break with = break away from
I should break with/break away from such habits.
He broke away from/broke with all his old friends.
[語法] 過去分詞作狀語
1、過去分詞作狀語進，其邏輯主語就是句子的主語：
Moved by the movie, Jane burst into tears. （原因）
Heated to 100℃, water boils. （條件/時間）
The teacher entered the classroom, followed by a group of students. （方式/伴隨狀況）
上述過去分詞作狀語都有被動意義，可改成以下從句：
Because/As she was moved by the movie, …
If/When it is heated to 100℃, …
…, who was followed by a group of students.
前兩句是狀語從句，最后一句卻是非限制性定語從句。
2、過去分詞作狀語時，為了強調條件讓步時間等意義，常前置連詞，常見的有：when, if, unless, until, till, once, although, though, even if, etc,但引導時間狀語的while一般不能接過去分詞，因為過去分詞的完成過去的意義與之有矛盾：
Experience, when dearly bought, is of great value.
Once seen, it will be impressed in your memory.
John, don’t speak until spoken to.
Unless asked, you should keep silent.
If given another ten minutes, I’ll finish sending the email.
He is very modest though praised by all.
Even if taken good care of, the man was not satisfied.
同步練習
一、單項選擇：
1、Who are you going to ________ in the tennis match?
A. play with B. play C. be played D. have played
2、They completed the new lab building _______ the end of summer vacation.
A. to B. until C. towards D. by
3、She introduced _____________.
A. Suzhou gardens to American friends
B. American friends to Suzhou gardens
C. American friends Suzhou gardens
D. Suzhou gardens for American friends
4、The computer __________. Choose the wrong answer:
A. belongs to Tom B. belongs to mine
C. is his D. is Tom’s
5、Jack’s surfing the net far into the night led to __________ to school again the next day.
A. come late B. coming late C. come later D. coming later
6、More and more students are ______ the Net these years.
A. interested to surf B. interested surfing
C. interest in surfing D. interested to surfing
7、Nowadays many people ______ the habit of staying up watching TV till midnight.
A. fall B. fall in C. fall into D. fall with
8、Teddy decided to ______ the street gang.
A. break away with B. break from C. break away D. break with
9、_________ the question, he didn’t know what to say.
A. Asking B. Asked C. To ask D. Having asked
10、Though __________ much money, yet he became a beggar a few weeks later.
A. giving B. having given C. being given D. given
二、英詩漢譯：
以下是美國詩人朗弗羅（Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 1807-1882）的一首名詩“生命頌”，請將它譯成中文：
A PSALM OF LIFE
WHAT THE HEART OF YOUNG MAN SAID TO THE PSALMIST
Tell me not, in mournful numbers,
“Life is but an empty dream！”
For the soul is dead that slumbers,
And things are not what they seem.
Life is real! Life is earnest!
And the grave is not its goal:
“Dust thou art, to dust returnest,”
Was not spoken of the soul.
Not enjoyment, and not sorrow.
Is our destined end or way;
But to act, that each to-morrow
Find us farther than to-day.
Art is long, and Time is fleeting,
And our hearts, though stout and brave,
Still, like muffled drums, are beating
Funeral marches to the grave.
In the world’s broad field of battle,
In the bivouac of Life,
Be not like dumb, driven cattle！
Be a hero in the strife！
Trust no Future, howe’er pleasant!
Let the dead Past bury its dead!
Act, -act in the living Present!
Heart within, and God o’erhead!
Lives of great men all remind us
We can make our lives sublime,
And, departing, leave behind us
Footprints on the sands of time;
Footprints, that perhaps another,
Sailing o’er life’s solemn main,
A forlorn and shipwrecked brother,
Seeing, shall take heart again.
Let us, then, be up and doing,
With a heart for any fate;
Still achieving, still pursuing,
Learn to labor and to wait.
參考答案
一、1、B 2、C 3、B 4、B 5、B 6、A 7、C 8、D 9、B 10、D
二、難點注譯：
生命頌
第1行 numbers 韻律，語調
第7行 thou art = you are returnest = return
第18行 bivouac 露營地
第21行 howe’er = however
第24行 o’erhead = overhead
第26行 sublime 崇高，偉大
第27行 departing 逝世
第30行 main 海洋（詩歌用語）
第32行 take heart 得到鼓舞
第33行 up and doing 積極行動起來