知識梳理
Ⅰ.網絡構建
詞匯 單詞 *dormitory explain recognize surely diamond jewellery franc continue lovely debt precious *positive attend earn besides ball lecture silly author *outline quality experiment glove gas liquid advantage disadvantage *application engine *nuclear comfort unnecessary successful conduct lightning thunderstorm string charge electric shock prove tear frame handkerchief control sharp foot fasten sense *shampoo skin drug *activist doubt cruel view conclusion
詞組 call on bring back day and night pay off at most act out a number of
a great number of pick out test on bring out try on come up with take care dream of doing build up * concentrate on belong to set free end up
語法 情態動詞 構詞法--合成
Ⅱ.重點精講
●重點單詞
1.explain
例句集錦
v.
（1）I was asked to explain to him the meaning of the sentence.
我被要求向他解釋那個句子的意思。
He explained the outline of his plan to us.
他向我們解釋他的計劃大綱。
（2）That explains her sudden anger.=That explains why she got angry all of a sudden.
那就能夠說明她為什么突然生氣了。
How do you explain your rude behavior?
你如何為自己的粗魯行為辯解？
（3）Can you explain to me how to bake a cake?
你能不能向我說一下蛋糕的做法呢？
（4）He explained why he was late.
他解釋為什么遲到。
She explained that she couldn’t come because she was ill.
她解釋說因為生病所以她不能來了。
（5）What you’ve said is not clear.Please explain.
你說得不清楚，請再解釋一下。
用法歸納
*explain用作動詞（vi.& vt.），主要有以下義項：解釋；說明（原因）。作及物動詞時，后面可跟名詞、復合賓語、動詞不定式和賓語從句作賓語。
特別提示
表示“向某人解釋某事”時，sb.前必須使用介詞to，即explain to sb.sth./explain sth.to sb.。explain的名詞為explanation。
2.recognize
例句集錦
v.
（1）Though she changed much,I recognized her at first sight.
雖然她變化很大，我還是一眼就認出了她。
I recognized Mary in the photograph.
我認出了照片中的瑪麗。
（2）They recognized him to be a great leader.
他們承認他是一位偉大的領袖。
They refused to recognize our government.
他們拒絕承認我們的政府。
（3）He didn’t recognize（=admit）that he had made a big mistake.
他不承認自己犯下了大錯。
I recognize that he is cleverer than I am.
我承認他比我聰明。
（4）Do you recognize（=make out）his handwriting?
你能認出他的筆跡嗎？
用法歸納
*recognize用作動詞，有以下義項：認出；承認；分辨出。
特別提示
recognize,realize和know的區別：recognize=know again;make out“認出；分辨出”；realize=come to know“意識到”；know“認識”。
3.charge
例句集錦
v.
（1）How much do you charge for a room with a bath?
一間帶浴室的房間多少錢？
They will charge at least $600 for moving the piano.
搬運這架鋼琴最少要花費600美圓。
（2）They charged me five dollars for a cup of coffee.
一杯咖啡他們向我要5美圓。
（3）Please charge the money to my account.
請將這些錢記在我的賬上。
（4）He charged me with being irresponsible.
他譴責我不負責任。
（5）Mother charged me to tell the truth and not to steal.
母親訓誡我要誠實，不可偷竊。
（6）How often shall I charge the battery?
我多長時間充一次電？
n.
（1）What is the charge for using the hall?
那大廳的使用費是多少？
You can get service free of charge.
你可得到免費服務。
There is a 10 percent service charge.
收10％的服務費。
（2）Will that be cash or charge?
付現金還是記賬？
（3）I’ll be in charge of the whole factory next week,when the director is away.
下周董事離開，我將負責整個工廠。
The patient is in the charge of that doctor.
這位病人由那位醫生負責。
The park is under the charge of the city.
這座公園由市政府管理。
We give her the charge of the house while we are away.
我們外出時，托付她管理家務。
用法歸納
*charge可以用作動詞（vt.）和名詞。主要義項有：要價；向某人收費；記賬；譴責；命令；充電；管理；照顧；收費。
特別提示
注意in charge of “管理”和in the charge of...“……在某人的管理下”的區別。常用短語還有：free of charge “免費的”；take charge of “擔任；管理”。
4.sense
例句集錦
n.
（1）What he said makes sense.
他說的話很有道理。
（2）Can you make sense of what I said?
你能理解我說的話嗎？
（3）What you say is true in a sense.
就某種意義而言，你說的是實話。
（4）The five senses are sight,hearing,smell,taste and touch.
五種感官是視覺、聽覺、嗅覺、味覺和觸覺。
She has a poor sense of direction.
她的方向感很差。
Generally speaking,everyone has a sense of shame.
一般來說，每個人都有羞恥心。
He has no sense of business.
他沒有經商意識。
（5）She lost her senses when she heard the news.
她聽到這個消息就昏了過去。
v.
He sensed that his proposal was unwelcome.
他覺得他的建議不受歡迎。
The dog sensed danger and barked.
那條狗意識到危險后叫了起來。
He sensed that something had happened to his family.
他感覺到他家出事了。
用法歸納
*sense可以用作動詞（vt.）和名詞,主要義項有：感官，感覺；意義，意味等。
5.comfort
例句集錦
n.
（1）The priest spoke a few words of comfort to the dying man.
牧師對將要死去的人說了幾句安慰的話。
He lives in great comfort.
他生活極為舒適。
His kindness gave her much/great comfort.
他對她和藹可親使她頗感安慰。
After retirement,he took comfort from/in reading.
退休后他從讀書中得到慰藉。
（2）My husband was a great comfort to me when I was ill.
在我生病時，我的丈夫是我極大的安慰。
It is a comfort to know that she is safe.
得知她平安無事，是一個安慰。
A hot cup of milk on a cold night is a real comfort.
在寒冷的夜晚喝一杯熱牛奶真是舒服。
v.
I tried to comfort Jean after her mother’s death.
珍妮的媽媽去世后，我盡力安慰她。
The letter from home comforted him.
收到家書使他深感慰藉。
用法歸納
特別提示
comfort 表示“舒適；安慰”時為抽象名詞，表示“令人感到安慰的人或事”時為可數名詞。comfortable adj. 舒服的。例如：
The chair is comfortable to sit in.
這椅子坐上去很舒服。
●重點短語
1.call on
例句集錦
Please call on me next time you are in New York.
下次來紐約時請順便來我家。
I’ll now call on Tom to answer.
=I’ll now call on Tom for an answer.
我現在就請湯姆回答。
相關歸納
（1）call at 參觀、拜訪某地
I called at Mr Brown’s office yesterday.
昨天我去了布朗先生的辦公室。
（2）call for要求；需要；去接某人；去拿某物
This work calls for immediate action.
這項工作需要立刻行動。
I’ll call for you at 6 o’clock and we’ll go to the cinema together.
我六點去接你，然后我們一塊去電影院。
（3）call up打電話；使想起；使回憶起
I’ll call you up this afternoon.
今天下午我給你打電話。
The music calls up old times.
這音樂使人回憶起舊日時光。
（4）call in召集；請；要求退回；收回
Call the doctor in!快請醫生來！
The makers have called in some cars with dangerous faults.
生產商已經收回了一些有嚴重缺陷的汽車。
（5）call off決定取消；下令停止
The football match was called off because of the heavy rain.
因大雨足球比賽被取消。
（6）call back叫回；再度訪問；回電話
I was about to leave when he called me back.
我剛要離開，他把我叫了回來。
2.pick out
例句集錦
She picked out the shoes that match the dress.
她選出搭配那件衣服的鞋子。
Can you pick out your brother in the crowd?
你能在這人群中找出你的兄弟嗎？
The houses in the painting were picked out in white.
這幅畫中的房子以白色凸現出來。
I managed to pick out the passage.
我終于理解了這篇文章的意思。
相關歸納
（1）pick at 申訴；指責；吃一點點
His mother picked at him for being lazy.
他母親指責他懶惰。
The sick woman just picked at the food he brought.
那生病的女人只吃了一點點他帶來的食物。
（2）pick on 選擇某人
The teacher always picked on me to answer a hard question.
老師總是挑我回答困難的問題。
The examiner can pick on any student to answer questions.
測試者可能選擇任何一位學生回答問題。
（3）pick up 拾起；讓乘客上車；駕車接某人；恢復；偶然得到；接收廣播
After staying in hospital for long,the patient was advised to go to the seaside to pick up his health.
在醫院住了很久以后，醫生建議這位病人到海邊去恢復健康。
I picked up the book on the ground.
我從地上拾起那本書。
It’s easy for my radio to pick up VOA English.
我的收音機能很容易地收聽到《美國之音》的英語節目。
The lost child was picked up by the police.
那迷路的孩子由警察把他收留了。
I’ll pick you up at your home.
我開車到你家去接你。
He picked up some French while he was away on a business trip in Paris.
他在因公去巴黎期間學會了一些法語。
（4）pick over 慎重地調查；仔細地檢查
He picked over a basket of apples.
他仔細地挑選了一籃子蘋果。
特別提示
pick out的同義詞為choose，注意比較select的意思為“仔細挑選”。另外要特別注意pick up的多義。
3.pay off
例句集錦
I’ve now paid off all my debts.
我現在已經全部付清債務了。
Did your plan pay off ?
你的計劃成功了嗎？
相關歸納
（1）pay back償還
He paid back his debts.他償還了借款。
Can you lend me some money?I’ll pay you back tomorrow.
你能不能借給我一些錢？我明天就還你。
He paid me back the 100 dollars he owed me.
他還給我欠我的那100美圓。
（2）pay for付款；受到報應
Did you pay him 100 dollars for that old bicycle?
你付給他100美圓買他那輛舊自行車了嗎？
How much did you pay the electrician for fixing the TV?
你付給電工多少錢修理電視機？
Did you pay for the book?
那本書你付過錢了嗎？
You’ll have to pay for your crime.
你將為你的罪行受到懲罰。
4.bring out
例句集錦
We brought out the chairs and did some sun-bathing.
我們把椅子搬出來，做日光浴。
She has brought out two new books at the same time.
她同時出版了兩本新書。
This picture is very clear and brings out the wrinkles in her face.
這張相片非常清晰，把她臉上的皺紋都照出來了。
The company is bringing out a new kind of soap.
這家公司在生產一種新香皂。
Difficulties can bring out a person’s best qualities.
困難可以顯現一個人的最佳品質。
相關歸納
（1）bring up撫養；提出；嘔吐
She has brought up five children.
她養育了五個孩子。
He was ill and brought up his dinner.
他病了，把午飯都吐出來了。
（2）bring down使價格降低
I don’t know what brought down the price of clothing.
我不知道衣服為什么降價。
He aimed,fired and brought down the fox.
他瞄準、開槍把那只狐貍打倒了。
（3）bring about引起；導致＝cause to happen
What brought about the forest fire?
什么引起的這場森林大火？
I don’t know what brought about the change in his thinking.
我不知道什么原因導致他改變想法。
（4）bring in引進；賺取
The business brings in $100 000 every year.
這個買賣每年可賺10萬美圓。
The open policy brings in a lot of new fashion.
開放政策帶來了許多新時尚。
His new job brings in an extra hundred dollars a month.
他的新工作給他帶來每月100美圓的額外收入。
His talk brought in some new ideas.
他的談話帶來了一些新的觀點。
（5）bring forward提出；提議
Now I’d like to bring forward the question of funds.
我現在要提出資金的問題。
A plan was brought forward to allow workers to share in profits.
提出了一項允許工人分享利潤的計劃。
（6）bring back帶回；使憶起
Bring me the book back from Paul’s.
從保羅那兒把那本書給我帶回來。
The landscape brought back my hometown which I had left five years before.
那風景使我回憶起離別五年的家鄉。
特別提示
bring out在表示“出版”的意思時，相當于publish，為及物動詞短語。而短語come out表示“出版”的意思時，為不及物動詞，不能用于被動語態。例如：When does John’s new book come out?
●必背句型
1.That’s ...引導的表語從句結構
教材原句
That’s why we see the colours spread out like a rainbow.
那就是為什么我們看到的顏色像彩虹一樣擴散開。
That is why Einstein and his family left Europe for the USA in 1933.
那就是為什么愛因斯坦和他的家人于1933年離開歐洲到了美國。
That’s how he made a living when he stayed in London.
那就是他在倫敦期間如何謀生的。
That’s because of hard work.（介詞短語作表語）
那是因為艱苦的工作。
特別提示
在該句型結構中，that’s...后面可以用why“那是為什么……”，how “那是如何……”，because “那是因為……”，where “那是……地方”，when “那是……時候”，what “那是……的”。
補充例句
That’s because I was too busy then.
那是因為我當時很忙。
Perseverance is a kind of quality-and that’s what it takes to do anything well.
堅忍不拔是一種素質，這種素質是做好任何事情所需要的。
-Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
你仍在想著昨天的比賽嗎？
-Oh, that’s what makes me feel excited.
正是昨天的比賽使我感到興奮。
2.表示“價值；花費”的句型
教材原句
It was worth five hundred francs at most.
它至多值500法郎。
It cost us thirty-six thousand francs.
它花了我們36 000法郎。
A new dress costs over four hundred francs.
一件新的禮服要400多法郎。
特別提示
（1）be worth+money,sth.+cost+money的意思相同，表示“某樣東西值多少錢”，而sth.cost sb.+money表示“某種東西花了某人多少錢”的意思。表示“花費”的句型還有：sb.+spend+money/time+on sth./（in）doing sth.;sb.+pay money+for sth.;It takes sb.some time to do sth.;pay money for sth.;buy sth.for money
（2）be worth doing 表示“……值得……”，需要用主動形式表示被動意義。
補充例句
This book is well worth reading.
這本書很值得一讀。
His suggestion is worth considering.
他的提議值得考慮。
How much did it cost to build the bridge?
建這座橋花費了多少錢？
It will cost you 500 dollars to repair the car.
修理這部汽車你要花費500美圓。
Such a difficult job costs a lot of time and effort.
這么困難的工作需要耗費極多的時間和精力。
I spent my summer vacation（in）reading and fishing.
我的暑假是在看書和釣魚中度過的。
It takes us thirty minutes to walk from here to the station.
我們從這里步行去車站要30分鐘。
3.祈使句+and/then/or/otherwise+陳述句結構
教材原句
Tie the corners of the handkerchief to the points of the cross, and you will have a nice strong kite.
把手帕四角與龍骨端頭綁牢，就可以成為很好的結實的風箏了。
特別提示
用and,then表示遞進關系，“那么”的意思；用or或otherwise表示轉折關系，“否則”的意思。該句型可以用if或unless引導的條件狀語從句替換，即“條件句+陳述句”，這時后面的連詞就不需要了。
補充例句
Work hard,and you’ll be successful in time.
=If you work hard,you will be successful in time.
只要你努力，一定會成功。
Get ready or/otherwise you won’t pass the test.
=If you don’t get ready,you won’t pass the test.
=Unless you get ready,you won’t pass the test.
作好準備，要不你小測驗不會及格的。
4.to do作表語的句型結構
教材原句
What is to be done when something gets into your eyes?
特別提示
be to do結構可以用來表示安排、命令、職責、用途、命中注定要發生的動作等。
補充例句
We are to meet at the school gate.
我們約定在校門口碰頭。
You are to be back by 10 o’clock.
你得在10點鐘前回來。
I am to inform you that the meeting will be held in Hangzhou.
我謹通知你會議在杭州舉行。
A knife is to cut with.刀是用來切割的。
They were never to meet again.
他們注定永遠不會再見面了。
疑難突破
1.go on doing,go on to do,go on with,continue
go on doing sth.指繼續做同一件事。
go on to do sth.指接著做另外一件事。
go on with sth.指繼續同一件事，此時 with 后能接名詞、代詞，不能跟v.-ing 形式。
continue 繼續同一件事，也可以是另一件事。該詞有以下用法：①continue+ n.；②continue doing/to do；③continue（to be）+adj.
應用
（1）The rain ______ for three days.
（2）They ______ their game after lunch.
（3）He ______ writing/to write late into the night.
（4）The weather ______（=remains）cold.
（5）After a short rest,they ______ working.
（6）After finishing the words,they ______ to go over the text.
（7）Einstein ______ his research.
答案：（1）continued （2）continued/went on with （3）continued （4）continues （5）went on （6）went on （7）went on with
2.take care,take care of
take care of “愛護；照顧”，后跟名詞或代詞,不可單獨使用。
take care “小心；注意”,后面可以跟動詞不定式，也可以跟that從句。
特別提示
watch out和look out也有“當心；注意”的意思，但用法不同。這兩個短語可以單獨使用，表示警告，另外也可以構成watch out for.../look out for...表達“注意，留意”的意思。
應用
（1）______ that you don’t spoil your clothes.
（2）______ not to drop it!
（3）She stayed at home to ______ the baby.
（4）______ for a tall man in a black hat.
（5）______!The train is coming!
答案：（1）Take care （2）Take care （3）take care of （4）Watch out/Look out （5）Look out/Watch out
典例剖析
【例1】 （2005年春季北京，33）Lose one hour in the morning ______ you will be looking for it the rest of the day.
A.but B.and C.or D.so
剖析：本題考查句型結構中的連詞用法。句型“祈使句＋and＋陳述句”表示“這么做，那么就會怎么樣”的意思。
答案：B
【例2】 （2004年全國卷I ，35）I don’t mind picking up your things from the store.______,the walk will do me good.
A.Sooner or later B.Still C.In time D.Besides
剖析：本題考查副詞的用法。從句子的意思可以看出，這里使用besides，表示“另外”的意思，即“我不介意……，另外步行還對我有好處”。
答案：D
【例3】 （2004年湖北，26）-Excuse me.Is it the right way to the Summer Palace?
-Sorry,I’m not sure.But it ______ be.
A.might B.will C.must D.can
剖析：本題考查情態動詞的用法。從句子語境分析，I’m not sure表明把握性不大，所以在這種情況下進行推測時使用might，表示“或許”的意思。
答案：A
【例4】 （2004年春季上海，48）I have read the material several times but it doesn’t make any ______ to me.
A.meaning B.importance C.sense D.significance
剖析：本題考查名詞辨析。從句子的語境去分析，短語make sense “有意義；理解；明白”的意思，符合要求。參見“重點精講4”。
答案：C