語法復(fù)習(xí)：
非謂語動詞做名詞的定語
There be句型中的非謂語動詞的使用
With+名詞+補足語
知識總結(jié)與歸納：
（一）非謂語動詞（to do; doing; done）做名詞的定語
修飾一個名詞除了后面用定語從句以外，還可以用doing短語，done短語，being done短語，to be done短語修飾。其結(jié)構(gòu)和意思如下：
1. 被修飾名詞+doing短語：正在做……的人/正在發(fā)生的事。
2. 被修飾名詞+ done短語：被……的人/事
3. 被修飾名詞+being done短語：正在被……的人/事
4. 被修飾名詞+ to be done短語：將要被……的人/事
請看下面幾個定語從句以及句中定語從句的簡化表達：
1. The man who is sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.
The man sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.
2. The letter that was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.
The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.
3. The question that is being discussed is very important.
The question being discussed is very important.
4. You are welcome to a party which is to be given in our class at 7:45.
You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.
總結(jié)：以上做定語的那些短語就是英語語法中所說的分詞，不定式的各種形式作定語。
1. 這些短語作定語應(yīng)放在被修飾名詞的后面。如果單獨一個V-ing或V-ed形式作定語，則可以放在被修飾名詞前面。
2. 分詞作定語時，其動作應(yīng)與全句動作同時發(fā)生。V-ing表示主動意義和正在做，V-ed表示被動意義。being done表示正在被做的。
3. 不定式作定語表示將要發(fā)生的，to be done表示將要被做的。
例句：
1. Goods imported from abroad are not always better than those made in China.
2. A bridge connecting Asia with North America across the Bering Strait could be a critical link in the proposed global highway which would allow people to travel overland to anywhere in the world.
3. A driver starting off in the evening on the Russian side would arrive in Alaska on the morning of that same day, effectively traveling many hours back in time.
注意：還有一些結(jié)構(gòu)已經(jīng)形成了固定的短語： doing/done+名詞
如：
the fallen leaves a washing machine
spoken English written English
a dressing mirror a waiting room
the coming year boiled water
boiling water等
（二）There be句型中的非謂語動詞的使用：
There be + 名詞+ to do：有……要做
+doing：有……正在做/發(fā)生
+done： 有……被……
There is nothing to worry about.
There are birds singing in the tree.
（三）用with/without短語做伴隨狀語。結(jié)構(gòu)如下：
with/without+名詞+ doing 短語
done短語
to do 短語
介詞短語/副詞
例句：
1. Tom went away, without a word spoken.
2. Most of houses were built of bricks made of dried mud, with a roof supported by palm tree trunks.
3. He lay on his back, with his hands behind his head.
4. The silence was suddenly broken when a large car , with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roared down the arcade.
【典型例題】
一. 單項選擇：
1. With a lot of difficult problems _____, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled
分析：With a lot of difficult problems _____ 意思是“有這么多難題要解決，”因此使用with+名詞+to do 形式。
答案：C
2. How many of us_____, say, a meeting that is not important to us would be interested in the discussion?
A. attended B. attending C. to attend D. have attended
分析：根據(jù)句意：比如說，我們當(dāng)中參加一個對我們毫不重要的會議的人會有多少人對這個討論感興趣呢？_____, say, a meeting that is not important to us修飾How many of us做定語與全句動作同步。
答案：B
3. Don’t you think the question _____ tomorrow is of great importance.
A. being discussed B. discussed
C. to be discussed D. to discuss
分析：難道你不覺得明天要討論的問題很重要嗎？_____ tomorrow做定語修飾名詞the question，表示：“將要被討論的……” 用to be done 結(jié)構(gòu)做定語。
答案：C
4. The picture ____ on the wall is painted by my nephew.
A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung
分析：The picture ____ on the wall：掛在墻上的畫。Hang在句中是不及物動詞。hanging做picture的定語。
答案：B
二. 翻譯句子：
1. Though there is much to be concerned about, there is far, far more for which to be thankful.
答案：盡管人生有許多煩擾，但更多的是感恩。
2. The Amazon has over a thousand tributaries feeding into it. The entire river system is the size of North America.
答案：亞馬孫河由一千多條支流匯交而成。整個水系覆蓋的面積如北美洲一樣大。
3. There is every reason to be hopeful about the future. As I make visits around the country, I see at first hand the effort being made to bring communities together.
答案：我們有理由對未來充滿希望。在我巡視全國時，我親眼看到人們?yōu)閳F結(jié)各社群而正在進行的努力。
4. There is certainly much more to be done and many challenges to be overcome.
答案：我們要做的事還有很多，要戰(zhàn)勝的挑戰(zhàn)也很多。
5. They all need to be reassured that there is so much to be gained by reaching out to others.
答案：他們都需要重新樹立觀點：了解他人受益匪淺。
6. The implication drawn by Jesus is clear. Everyone is our neighbor-no matter what race, creed or color. The need to look after a fellow human being is far more important than any cultural or religious differences.
答案：耶酥要傳達的寓意十分清楚。無論何種民族，信仰和膚色，每一個人都是我們的鄰居。照顧每個人的需要遠遠重要于任何文化和宗教上的分歧。
【模擬試題】（答題時間：50分鐘）
一. 單項選擇：
1. The missing boy were last seen _____near the river.
A. playing B. to be plying C. play D. to play
2. Who did the teacher have ____ an article for the wall newspaper just now ?
A. writing B. write C. to write D. written
3. They would not allow him ___ across the enemy line.
A. to risk going B. risking going
C. for risk going D. risk going
4. - Where should I send my form ?
- The Personal office is the place ____.
A. for sending it B. to send it to C. to send D. to send it
5. The students, ____ at the way the question was put, didn’t know how to answer it.
A. being surprised B. surprising C. surprised D. having surprised
6. He is lying in bed, with his eyes looking at the ceilings and his hands ____ behind his head.
A. to cross B. crossing C. cross D. crossed
7. The old man was moved by what she said, with tears ___ up in his eyes.
A. welling B. welled C. rolling D. rolled
二. 閱讀理解：
“ A band plays in Lumley Park every Sunday afternoon. I often attend these open-air concerts if the weather is fine, because I find it a very restful way of passing time, and because the band plays many kinds of music: dance music, marching music, anything with a tune you can whistle; you know what I mean.”
“One Sunday, there was a blind girl in the front row of the audience, just behind the band-leader. She must have been about fourteen or fifteen years of age, I should think. She had been sitting down until about halfway through the programme, when the band started to play ‘ The Blue Danube’ by Johan Strauss. I’d never heard them play this particular piece before; and there was something magical about the way they played it then. They’d only played a few bars when this blind girl stood up and began waving her arms about in time to the music, just as the band-leader himself was doing.
“After a while, I could see that more and more members of the band were watching the bind girl instead of the band-leader. And the leader must have noticed this himself, because he turned round and watched her, and saw that she was keeping perfect time. He was a very thoughtful man, that band-leader; I took my hat off to him. He moved to one side little by little, so that the band could see the blind girl better, and after a while he stopped conducting altogether. The band knew the piece quite well, of course, so things weren’t likely to go seriously wrong. But she kept time beautifully, and she made it clear when she wanted certain passages to be loud or soft, just as the band-leader himself had done. Since then, to be quite honest, I’ve never heard ‘The Blue Danube’ played better anywhere.
“I have seldom heard an audience clap more loudly than that audience, when the music was over. I should think they must have heard the noise on the other side of the town. When the blind girl sat down, even from where I was sitting I could see that there were tears running down her face.”
“ And she wasn’t the only one in that audience who was crying, I can tell you.”
1. The speaker thought that attending the Sunday afternoon concerts is a pleasure because ____.
A. a band plays music in Lumley Park.
B. He could pass the time in a peaceful way in good weather
C. His favourite music could be played by the band in the open air
D. All the above
2. When the band was playing “The Blue Danube”, a blind girl who was sitting in the front row behind the band-leader____.
A. stood up to play with the band
B. stood up and waved her arms to keep perfect time by herself
C. played just as the band-leader was doing
D. listened to the particular piece “The blue Danube”
3. While the blind girl was waving her hands to keep time, _____.
A. many more members of the band were still watching their and-leader
B. the band-leader stopped conducting after a while and took off her hat to the girl
C. the band kept playing wonderfully even without their band-leader
D. the audience preferred the blind girl to the band-leader
4. From what the speaker said, it can be inferred that _____.
A. he not only respected the band-leader but also thought highly of the blind girl
B. he thought the blind girl was doing better than the band-leader
C. he regarded the band as the first class band even without anyone conducting
D. with the blind girl conducting, the concert was much more wonderful
三. 短文改錯：
Many children have a birthday cake with candle on their birthday. 1. ______
In some countries, like England and Scotland, there are another custom, 2. ______
too. There are people spank（拍打）or hit the child on his/her birthday. 3. ______
This may hurt a little, and they say it is very lucky for the child. The 4. ______
child must never cry. The custom sys that if you cry, you cry all year. 5. ______
The reason for birthday spanks is to make the bad spirits go 6. ______
away. The hard you spank the better it is. In Belgium, another 7. ______
country in Europe, the custom is a little difference. There a parent 8. ______
goes into the child room early in the morning with a needle（針） 9. ______
As soon as the child woke up, the parent pricks（刺）the child 10. _____
with the needle. This is for good luck.
【試題答案】
一. 單項選擇：
1. A
解析：那個失蹤的男孩最后依次被看見正在河邊玩。see sb. doing 的被動結(jié)構(gòu)：sb. be seen doing.
2. B
解析：老師讓誰寫稿。have sb. do sth.：讓某人做某事。
3. A
解析：allow sb to do sth.：允許某人做某事。 risk doing：冒險做某事。
4. B
解析：the place ____：把表格送到的地方。 send the form to the place
5. C
解析：surprised at the way the question was put形容詞短語做定語。
6. D
解析：雙手交叉在腦后。cross 與hand為動賓關(guān)系。With +名詞+done結(jié)構(gòu)。
7. A
解析：with tears ___ up in his eyes：指眼淚奪眶而出。well：涌出。與tears是主動關(guān)系。
二. 閱讀理解：
1. D
解析：題干中的關(guān)鍵部分：出席周日下午的音樂會是一種樂趣的原因是……。根據(jù)第一段……if the weather was fine, because ….a very restful way of passing time, and because the band plays many kinds of music; dance music, marching music, anything with a tune you can whistle…可知A，B，C均符合題義。
2. B
解析：題干的關(guān)鍵：坐在前排即指揮后面的那位失明的女孩….。根據(jù)第二段最后兩行… “this blind girl stood up and began waving her arms about in time to the music, just as the band-leader himself was doing.”…
3. C
解析：此題是判斷“女孩打拍子時，樂隊成員，樂隊指揮，樂隊和觀眾的表現(xiàn)。仔細閱讀第三段，特別是最后四行The band knew the piece quite well, of course, so things weren’t likely to go seriously wrong. But she kept time beautifully, and she made it clear when she wanted certain passages to be loud or soft, just as the band-leader himself had done. Since then, to be quite honest, I’ve never heard ‘The Blue Danube’ played better anywhere.可以排除A，B，D。
4. A
解析：這是在總結(jié)作者的思想；根據(jù)第三段描述指揮 “he was a very thoughtful man,” 和最后兩段可以得出結(jié)論：作者對小女孩和樂隊指揮都給予了高度評價。
三. 短文改錯：
Many children have a birthday cake with candle on their birthday. 1. candles
In some countries, like England and Scotland, there are another custom, 2. is
too. There are people spank（拍打）or hit the child on his/her birthday. 3.去掉are
This may hurt a little, and they say it is very lucky for the child. The 4. _but_
child must never cry. The custom says that if you cry, you ∧cry all year. 5. will
The reason for birthday spanks is to make the bad spirits go 6.√
away. The hard you spank the better it is. In Belgium, another 7. harder
country in Europe, the custom is a little difference. There a parent 8. different
goes into the child room early in the morning with a needle（針）. 9. child’s
As soon as the child woke up, the parent pricks（刺）the child 10. wakes