Senior Book I Unit 7-Unit 8
I. words
culture-cultural represent- representative include-including recreate-recreation
beauty-beautiful-beautifully-beautify pollute-polluted-pollution limit-limited
gold-golden compete-competition-competitive-competitor far-farther (further)
prepare-preparation-prepared effect-effective skill-skillful-skilled
II. words and phrases
1. give in (to) (向)投降/屈服/讓步 give up (doing) give out 分配，分發(fā)
give away 送掉，贈(zèng)送 give off 放出，散發(fā) give back 歸還，恢復(fù)
give …over…to 把…交給/委托給
2. set up 建立，創(chuàng)立 set aside 把…放在一邊 set about doing
set out to do set out / off for sp. set off 引爆，使爆炸 be set in 以…為背景
3. in ruins 成為廢墟，落空 bring…to ruin 使毀滅，使沒(méi)落
fall into / in ruin 滅亡，荒蕪 the ruin of a civilization 文明的毀滅
financial ruin破產(chǎn) be ruined by 被…毀滅 ruin oneself 毀掉自己
4. change one’s mind bear / keep…in mind 記住，記在心里
have…in mind 在想，計(jì)劃 come to mind 浮現(xiàn)于心中，被想到
make up one’s mind to do put / give one’s mind to 專心于
to one’s mind 依照某人的想法 Mind your eye 小心
Mind your own business 少管閑事 Never mind. Do you mind if…?
If you don’t mind 如果你不介意的話 Would / Do you mind doing…?
Would you mind if…
5. under attack 遭受攻擊 under repair 正在修理 under study 正在學(xué)習(xí)
under construction 正在建設(shè) under investigation under
certain conditions 在一定的條件下
under these circumstances 在這些狀況下 with one’s help with one’s permission
under one’s leadership / direction = under the leadership /direction of sb. 在…指導(dǎo)下
6. limit v.限制 n. 界限 the limit 忍耐的極限 a speed limit 速度極限
set a limit to 限制 outside / within the city limits （邊界）在市外（市內(nèi)）的
within limits 適度地，節(jié)制地 limit sb. to + n. 限制某人到…
a limited time limited company
7. come true 實(shí)現(xiàn) come across 偶然遇到 come after 繼…之后，跟隨
come along 隨同 come around 迂回而至 come up (with) 出現(xiàn)；發(fā)芽；提出
How come…? 為何會(huì)？
8. every +基數(shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù)n. every +序數(shù)詞+ 單數(shù)n. every few +復(fù)數(shù)n.
every other + 單數(shù)n. every + 單數(shù)n.
9. stand for 代表，象征；支持 stand up stand out 顯眼，出色
stand by 站在一旁，袖手旁觀 stand still 站著別動(dòng) stand aside 避開(kāi)，站開(kāi)
stand doing 忍受 stand against sth 反對(duì)，經(jīng)受住；倚著…站著
stand on one’s own feet 自主，依靠自己 stand up for 維護(hù)，支持
stand well with sb. 和…關(guān)系好；受某人寵愛(ài) be for be against be in favor of
10. prepare sth. prepare for sth prepare to do sth prepare sb. to do sth
be (well) prepared for / to do sth. get sb. prepared for sth make preparations for
in preparation for
11. have an effect on / upon have no effect on come into effect 生效
bring…into effect 實(shí)施 be of no effect 無(wú)效 take effect生效，起作用
in effect = in reality affect sb. / sth. greatly
12. live one’s dream 實(shí)踐某人的夢(mèng)想 live one’s belief 實(shí)踐某人的信仰
live through 經(jīng)歷…還活著 live up to 遵守，實(shí)踐；符合
live a life on the go =live a busy life live on live a …life live by
III. key points
1.Where is a river, there is a city.
①where 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，意思接近the place where(…的地方)
That’s where the battle took place
It’s still where it was. That’s just where we fundamentally disagree with him.
這就是我們同他的根本分歧點(diǎn)。
②where 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句，意思接近in / at / to the place where
Keep him where you can see him.
Take him where it’s quiet.
I’ll drive you where you’re going. They have gone where the police can’t get them.
I’m comfortable where I am.
2. What shall we put in?
① shall 用于第一、第二人稱，表示征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)或請(qǐng)求指示。
Shall I wait for you here? Shall he pay a visit to the museum?
② shall 用于第二、第三人稱，表示允諾、警告、提醒、責(zé)備等語(yǔ)氣。
You shall be punished if you break the law.
If I finish the book, you shall get it.
注意： will 表示征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)或請(qǐng)求指示時(shí)，用于第二人稱。
3. It is said to be the city’s largest ever cultural relics repair project.
本句中的it 指事情，若be said / known / reported / announced / thought / believed / hoped…等結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)為具體的人或事物，則其后跟to do ,to be doing, to have done.
辯析： It is said / known / reported…that
4. Strong, proud and united, the people of St. Petersburg are the modern heroes of Russia.
本句中，strong, proud and united是adj.作狀語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明句子主語(yǔ)的特征和性質(zhì)。
Crusoe went out for food, full of fear.
He spent many days in the lonely house, cold and hungry.
辯析：adj. 作狀語(yǔ)與adv. 作狀語(yǔ)
adj. 作狀語(yǔ)是說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)和特征，而adv. 作狀語(yǔ)是修飾動(dòng)詞的。
The crying looking directly at me, eager to know the result.
___________, some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless.
A. Strangely enough B. Enough strangely C. Strange enough D. Enough strange
5. …will be preparing to light…
本句為將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)， 表示在將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻或時(shí)段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
辯析：將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)僅僅指某動(dòng)作要在將來(lái)發(fā)生，并不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行，而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)則強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
At this tomorrow_________ over the Atlantic.
A. we’re going to fly B. we’ll be flying C. we’ll fly D. we’re to fly
6. the same as (…) as…
意為“…和…相同”, as 后可接名詞、代詞、副詞、也可接從句。
I have the same document as he .
She will do the job in the same way as his brother did.
“the same +名詞”后可以接定語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞as或that,用that 更強(qiáng)調(diào)指同一事物。
He got the same chance as I did. This is the same pen that I lost in the campus.
注意： as引起定語(yǔ)從句一般跟前面的某一詞構(gòu)成固定搭配，如： the same …as…, such…as…, as…as…, not as / so…as…等。
This is such a difficult problem as all of us can’t work out.
This is such a difficult problem as all of us can’t work it out.(ⅹ)
7. In Sydney the Chinese team got 28 gold medals, ranking the third of all the competing countries.
ranking 在句中作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，現(xiàn)在分詞可在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)、方式或伴隨狀語(yǔ)、結(jié)果等，其邏輯主語(yǔ)通常是句子的主語(yǔ)。
Not knowing how to do it, he returned to his mother for help.
A fire broke out last night, destroying all his property.
辯析：分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)與to do 作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)
分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)表示句子中動(dòng)作的發(fā)生導(dǎo)致的實(shí)際結(jié)果而不定式表示以外結(jié)果，通常跟only, never 連用。
He left home, never to be heard of.
We went to the railway station, only to find the train had gone.