Unit 10 American Literature
重點詞匯講解
1.outcome n. 結(jié)果;結(jié)局;后果[S1][(+of)] I think there can be but one outcome to this affair. 我認為這件事只可能有一種結(jié)局。 She was satisfied with the outcome of her efforts. 她對自己努力的結(jié)果很滿意。 2.weep vi. 1.) 哭泣,流淚[(+over/for)] The girl wept over her sad fate. 那女孩為自己悲慘的命運而哭泣。 Mother wept for joy. 母親高興得流眼淚。 2.) 悲嘆,哀悼[(+over/for)] We all wept in silence for the deceased. 我們都默默為死者哀悼。 vt. 流(淚);哭泣 The little girl wept herself to sleep. 小女孩哭著哭著入睡了。 n. 哭泣 3.furnish vt. 1.) 給(房間)配置(家具等);裝備[(+with)] How are you going to furnish the house? 你將如何布置房子? 2.) 供應(yīng);提供[(+with/to)] I’ll furnish you with all you need. 我將提供你所需要的一切。
例.She rents a furnished flat. 她租了一套備有家具的單元房。
【拓展】
furnish A with B(=furnish A to B) 為某人提供某物
furnish sth with sth 為某物提供家具4.attend to 1.) 注意;致力于 You should attend better to your studies. 你應(yīng)該更專心于學(xué)習(xí)。 2.) 關(guān)心;照料;護理 The nurse is attending to a sick man. 護士正在照料病人。 5.do up 1.) 修理 The room needs doing up. 這房子需要修繕。 2.) 使穿上 She was done up in her Sunday best. 她穿著節(jié)日盛裝。 3.) 使精疲力盡 He was done up after the long trip. 長途旅行后他精疲力盡。
do away with 擺脫；廢除，取消/do for 照料/do out 收拾，打掃；整理
/do out of 搶劫；騙走，騙去/do up 系上；扣上/ have sth. to do with 和…有關(guān)系
/do with （前面與could, can連用）需要;有關(guān)系/have nothing to do with 和…沒有關(guān)系
/ do without 沒有某事物也行
5.pale a. 1.) 蒼白的,灰白的 She was pale with fear. 她嚇得臉色發(fā)白。 2.) (顏色)淡的 Her beauty seemed pale beside Mary’s. 她的美貌與瑪麗的相比似乎顯得黯然失色。 He wore a pale blue tie. 他戴一條淺藍色的領(lǐng)帶 6.approve vt. 1.) 贊成,同意;贊許 The professor does not approve the government’s foreign policy.
那位教授不贊成政府的外交政策。 2.) 批準;認可 The city council has now approved the scheme for the erection of a new public library. 市議會業(yè)已核準建造一座新的公共圖書館的計劃。
例.The mayoress approved the new building plans.女市長批準了新建筑計劃。vi. 贊成;贊許 [(+of)] I’m afraid your parents won’t approve of your going there. 我擔(dān)心你父母不會贊成你到那兒去。
My parents don't approve of me smoking cigarettes.我的父母不準許我吸煙。
例.I don't approve of wasting time. 我不贊成浪費時間。
例.I don't approve of smoking. 我不贊成抽煙。
approval n. 【u】 贊成；贊許;批準
例.He showed his approval by smiling. 他用微笑表示贊成。
【拓展】on approval 供試用的（不滿意可退貨）/approve sth批準某事
/approve of sb/sth喜歡人（事）7.shave vt. 1.) 剃去...上的毛發(fā);刮(臉)等 shave one’s face 刮臉 2.) 刮(胡子等)[(+off/away)] He shaved off his beard. 他剃掉了胡須。 vi. 1.) 修面,刮臉 He shaves every morning. 他每天早晨刮臉。 2.) 擠過,勉強通過 He shaved through the math exam. 他勉強通過了數(shù)學(xué)考試。 n.[C] 1.) 剃刀,刮胡刀;刨刀 2.) 修面,刮臉[S] I need a shave. 我需要修面。 8.comb n.[C] 1.) 梳子;(羊毛等的)毛刷,馬鬃刷 2.) 女人頭發(fā)上梳狀的飾物 3.) (用梳子)梳理[S] My hair needs a good comb. 我的頭發(fā)需要好好梳理一番。 vt. 1.) 用梳子梳理 The mother combed the child’s hair. 母親梳理了孩子的頭發(fā)。 2.) 徹底搜查[(+for)] We combed the city to look for our lost dog. 我們搜遍了全城尋找我們走失了的狗。 9.at length 1.) 最后,終于 At length, we began to understand what she wanted. 最后,我們總算弄清楚她到底要什么。 2.) 詳細地 He talked at length about his work. 他詳細地談了他的工作。 10.flash vt. 1.) 使閃光;使閃爍[(+at)] Why is that driver flashing his lights at me? 那個司機為何用燈照我? 2.) (向...)閃現(xiàn)出[(+at)] I flashed a warning glance at them. 我向他們投去警告性的一瞥。 3.) (火速地)發(fā)出(電報,電訊等);使迅速傳遍 The news was flashed around the world. 這一消息迅速傳遍世界各地。 vi. 1.) 閃光,閃爍 The stars flashed in the night sky. 夜空中群星閃爍。 2.) (想法等)掠過,閃現(xiàn) A thought flashed through my mind. 我腦子里閃過一個想法。 3. 飛馳,掠過 A car flashed by. 一輛汽車疾馳而過。 n. 閃爍,閃光[C]
There was a flash of lightning a moment ago. 剛才有一道閃電。 12. rare adj. 罕見的；珍奇的;煮得很嫩的
例.That bird is very rare in this country.
那種鳥在這個國家很稀有。
例.Jasper White is one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths.
賈斯珀.懷特是那些少有的相信古代神話
rarely .adv. 難得，很少
例.She is old and rarely goes out. 她年紀大了，很少外出。
例.He rarely comes here anymore. 現(xiàn)在他難得來這兒。
13. pride n. 自負；驕傲;自尊（心）;自豪
例.She showed us her new home with great pride.她非常得意地給我們看她的新家。
例.Pride goes before a fall.(諺); Pride will have a fall.(諺).驕者必敗。
例.wound a person's pride.傷害一個人的自尊心
例.have a pride in one's son .為自己的兒子感到自豪
【拓展】
take pride in (=be proud of)對。。。。感到自豪
pride oneself on sth/ doing sth以。。。自豪；對。。。。感到自豪
14．worn adj 破爛的；損壞的
例.the worn pockets on a jacket.夾克上的破兜。
【拓展】sth be worn out某東西破了/wear sth away 磨損, 消逝, 衰退, 磨減, 消磨, 虛
wear sb/sth down削弱/wear off 逐漸減弱, 消失, 磨損, 耗損
wear sth out 消瘦, 穿破, 用壞, 克服/wear sb out 消磨, 疲勞
15.baggage n. (=luggage) 行李;（軍隊的）行裝
例.Baggage should be checked in at least an hour before the flight.
行李須于飛機起飛前最少一小時前檢查。
16.simplify vt. 使簡易；使易做；簡化
例.The English in this story has been simplified to make it easier to understand.
這個故事里的英語被簡寫了，可更容易理解。The subject is immensely complex, and hard to simplify. 這個題目非常復(fù)雜,并且很難簡化
【拓展】
simple adj. 樸素的；樸實的;簡單的，不復(fù)雜的;單純的；絕對的;正直 的
simple clothes 樸素的衣服
例.The little boy can already do simple problems in arithmetic.
那小男孩已經(jīng)能做簡單的算術(shù)題。
例.a woman of simple goodness .純真善良的女人。
simply adv簡單地；容易地；樸素地；清楚地；自然地;僅，只;真地
例.He is simply a workman.他只是一名工人罷了。
例.She looks simply lovely.她看起來的確可愛。
例.That basketball game we watch last night on television was simply divine!
我們昨天晚上電視里看的那場藍球比賽真是好極了!
simplicity n. 簡單；簡易；樸素；樸實；單純
17．let
let down 掃（某人的）興；失約/let in 讓…進來，放…進來
let off 放（炮），投放（炸彈）;（與with連用）寬恕；赦免；從寬處理
let on 泄漏（秘密）/let out 加寬，放寬（衣服）;放出
let up 放松; 減弱，停止
Teaching aims:
1. Goals:
Talk about American Literature
Practise predicting and describing what a story might be about
Review all the verb tenses
Write a book review
2. Special focus:
Improve reading skills and Enlarge vocabulary.
a. Direct Ss to read the 3 passages on the text book;
b. Guide Ss to learn to use the following words and expressions:
Contribute to, adapt to, get accustomed to, garment, shabby, take pride in, attend to, etc.
Period 1 Reading
A Sacrifice for Love (1)
Step 1. Warming up
Task 1. guide the students to get to know some famous American writers and their works by the forms of a competition:
The Adventure of Tom Sawyer ---- Mark Twain
The Beast in the Jungle ----Henry James
A Farewell to Arms ----- Ernest Hemingway
The Old Man and the Sea ----- Ernest Hemingway
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn ----Mark Twain
The Gift of the Magi ---- O. Henry
The Call of the Wild ----Jack London
The Scarlet Letter ---- Nathaniel Hawthorne
Step 2. Scanning
Task 2. Read the passage and try to answer the questions:
What’s the story about?
What are Jim’s wages?
What price does Della pay to buy her present?
What are the couple’s two most precious possessions?
Step 3. While-reading:
Ask students to fill in the chart to see if they have got a general understanding of the whole passage.
Main Idea
Paragraph 1 Della wept because she had little money to buy Jim a present this Christmas.
Paragraph 2 Della and Jim’s living conditions.
Paragraph 3 Della wanted to buy Jim a Christmas present, which was worthy of being own by Jim.
Paragraph 4 The young couple owned two precious things, one was Jim’s gold watch, and the other was Della’s hair.
Paragraph 5 Della’s beautiful hair.
Paragraph 6 Della decided to sell her hair in order to buy a present for her beloved.
Paragraph 7 Della got twenty dollars and then she began to buy Jim a Christmas present.
Paragraph 8 She spent 21 dollars on a gold watch chain.
Paragraph 9 Della did her hair and looked like a little school girl.
The main idea of the passage: The story tells that a woman called Della sold her beautiful hair to buy her husband a Christmas present ---- a gold watch chain.
Step 4. Post-reading
Choose the best answers:
1. Who is (are) the main character(s) in this part of the story? 答案：A
A. Della B. Jim C. The Youngs D. None of the above.
2. When did the story take place? 答案：C
A. On Christmas Day B. On Christmas Eve
C. The day before Christmas D. None of the above.
3. Where did the story take place? 答案：A
A. At Della’s home B. At stores
C. At barbershops D. None of the above.
4. Why did Della count her money for three times at the beginning? 答案：C
A. She got nothing to do.
B. She could make more money by counting it.
C. She could hardly believe that was all she had.
D. She was thinking how to save the money.
5. According to the sentence in Paragraph 2 “She stood by the window…”, we can infer that . 答案：B
A. Della likes grey.
B. Della felt very upset.
C. The place Della lived was ugly.
D. There was a very interesting scene.
6. Della got only a little money for Christmas Day, because . 答案：B
A. She was not good at bargaining with others.
B. She got paid a little but had great expenses.
C. She could not save as every penny as possible.
D. She had just bought a present for her husband.
7. According to the passage, which sentence is NOT true? 答案：C
A. The Youngs got two possessions in which they took great pride.
B. Della had very long beautiful hair.
C. Jim had a gold watch that had been his parents’ and grandparents’.
D. The young couples lived a poor live.
8. These are the reasons why Della had her hair cut, EXCEPT .答案A
A. She wanted to make a living.
B. She planned to buy her husband a present.
C. She loved her husband so much.
D. She could get some money by doing so.
9. According to Paragraph 8, Della finally found a present -- a gold watch chain . 答案：B
A. which was exactly made for Jim.
B. which could not be found in other stores.
C. which cost her twenty dollars.
D. which belonged to her husband.
10. How would the story go when Jim saw his wife’s new hair style? 答案：C
A. Jim would probably kill his wife.
B. Jim would laugh at his wife.
C. Jim would have a complex feeling.
D. Jim would like Della’s new hair style as she looked like a Coney Island choir girl.
Decide whether the following sentences are true or false.
1)James Dillingham Young is a rich young man. ( F )
2)One dollar and eighty-seven cents wal all the money that Della had saved for months.( T )
3)Della lives in a house with many trees and flowers around it.(F )
4)The living cost was greater than Della had expected.( T )
5)Jim and Della are a married couple.( T )
6)She hesitates to have her hair cut off and sell it.( T )
7)Della thinks having a haircut will make Jim happy.( F )
8)James Dillingham Young was Della’s husband.( T )
9)Della had a large sum of money to buy Jim a Christmas gift.( T )
10)There were two possessions of this family-Jim’s gold watch and Della’s hair.( T )
Step 5 Homework
Finish all the exercises on Word Study and Grammar on p86-87.
Period 2. Integrating Reading Skills
A Sacrifice for Love (2)
Step 1. Revision
1. Check the Ss how further they understand the American literature.
2. Check the homework. If necessary, give some examples to review the different tenses of verb.
Exercise 1 &2 on p220-221 is specially designed to check the Ss if they are familiar with the Grammar.
Step 2. Scan the passage and find the main idea, then analyze the passage if possible.
Task: Read the passage in three minutes, and sum up every paragraph with one sentence:
P1: Della was anxious to wait for Jim and was afraid that Jim’s love would go without her beautiful long hair.
P2: Jim was burdened with the family and had no money to buy even e new overcoat or gloves.
P3: Jim stared at Della with a strange expression on his face.
P4: Della explained why she had her hair cut off.
P5: Jim was still confused.
P6: Jim was awake and expressed nothing could make him love Della any less.
P7: Della was so happy when she sea a set of beautiful and expensive combs Jim bought her.
P8: Della showed him her gift---- a gold watch chain that was worthy of his gold watch.
P9: Jim told Della he sold his watch for her combs.
Step 3. Read the passage again and appreciate the “l(fā)ove” again, and then finish the exercises attached to the passage.
Step 4.Extensive reading:
Ask the students to find more short stories by American writers to read after class.
課文重難點注釋：
1.Twenty dollars a week does not go far. (Para.3 p84) 每周20美元根本就不夠用
go far （錢等）耐花，價值大(常用于否定句);效力大，大有幫助；成功
Although he earns 1000 yuan a month, It doesn’t go far for his family.
2.Expenses had been greater than she had calculated. Expense: 名詞 意思是“開銷，費用，花費”
1) at great /little/ no expense 花費很大/很少/ 沒有花費
2)at the expense of sb/sth “以… 為代價”
He saved the girl at the expense of his life.
3)at one’s (own) expense 由/讓某人付費The dinner was at my own expense.
3.Be worthy of sth/ being done/ to be done
worthy 作形容詞,意思為“有價值的， 值得的， 配得上”
1)He is worthy of your trust.他值得你的信任
2)Your advice is worthy of being considered.= Your advice is worthy to be considered.
你的建議值得考慮
4.She pulled down her hair and let it fall to its full length.（第5段）
她披散開頭發(fā)，讓它盡情舒展開來
And then she quickly did it up again.（第5段）她很快把頭發(fā)梳理好
do up 系，扣；收拾，整理；打扮，梳妝
do up the buttons系紐扣/do up the furniture整修家具
do up the rooms粉刷房間/do up presents包禮物
5.in any company與任何人在一起
in one’s company與某人在一起
be fond of company好交際
be in good/bad company=keep good/bad company與好人/壞人來往
keep sb.company陪伴某人
for company作為陪伴，為應(yīng)酬
in company with sb.=in one’s company與某人一起
keep company with sb.與某人結(jié)交
part company (with sb.) （與某人）分開/斷絕關(guān)系
e.g.As the journey was a long one,he took a friend with him ________.
A.along B.together C.for company D.as a company
語法系列復(fù)習(xí)專題-----動詞時態(tài)，被動語態(tài)
一、一般現(xiàn)在時
在以here,there開頭的句子里，go,come等少數(shù)動詞的一般在時表示正在發(fā)生的動作。例如：There goes the bell.鈴響了。There comes the bus.汽車來了。Here she comes.她來了。
二、現(xiàn)在進行時
1.代替一般現(xiàn)在時，描繪更加生動。例如：The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滾滾向東流。The sun is rising in the east.太陽從東方冉冉升起。
2.大多數(shù)動詞可用于進行時，但也有些動詞不用于進行時。常見的有：exist,live,understand,mean,owe,belong to ,know,doubt,suppose,remember,forget,
believe,trust,want,wish,refuse,like,hate,dislike,prefer,mind,hope等。
三、現(xiàn)在完成時
注意點：1、現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別：
2、短暫動詞（即瞬間動詞），join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,
die,marry, finish,complete,begin,start,break out等，在完成時態(tài)中，其肯定式不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用。例如不能說：He has finished the work for three hours.要翻譯“他已完成工作三小時了。”可采用1）“ago法”：He finished the work three hours ago.2）“延續(xù)法”：He has been through(with)the work for three hours.3）“since法”：It is/has been three hours since he finished the work.
四、現(xiàn)在完成進行時
1.用來表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（或今后還要繼續(xù)一去）的動作。例如：He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00./ It has been raining for two days.
2.凡是不能用于現(xiàn)在進行時的動詞均不能用于現(xiàn)成完成進行時。
五、一般過去時
六、過去進行時
1.表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間內(nèi)正在進行的動作（這一過去時間須用時間狀語表示）。例如：He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.
2.表示動作在另一過去動作發(fā)生時進行。例如：They were still working when I left.
3.用在兩個過去進行時動作同時發(fā)生。例如：I was writing while he was watching TV.
4.表示過去將來動作。例如：He said she was arriving the next day.
七、過去完成時
1.表示在過去某一時間以前已經(jīng)完成的動作。例如：He had shut the door before the dog came up./ Everything had been all right up till this morning.
2.表示動作或狀態(tài)從過去某個時刻開始一直延續(xù)到另一個過去時刻才完成，甚至還要繼續(xù)下去。例如：At the age of ten,he had learned 500 English words.He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.
3.常用hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等動詞的過去完成時來表示未實現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖。例如：We had expected that you would be able to win the match.
八、一般將來時
一般將來時表示將來要發(fā)生的動作和存在的狀況。有下列一些形式：
1.will/shall do （側(cè)重將來行為，不突出計劃安排去做某事）
2.be going to do (主觀上打算或客觀上可能發(fā)生)
3.be doing (按計劃將要發(fā)生，常和表示最近的將來時間連用)
4.be about to do (按計劃即將發(fā)生)
九、將來完成時
用來表示在將來某個時刻（前）將完成的動作。常和by短語，when,before引起的時間狀語連用。例如：We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.注：當(dāng)句子的謂語為say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等時，被
動語態(tài)有兩種形式：（A）謂語動詞用被動語態(tài)，動詞不定式作主補。（B）用it作形式主語，真正的主語在后面用主語在后面用主語從句來表示。如：
People say he is a smart boy.
It is said that he is a smart boy.
He is said to be a smart boy.
People know paper was made in China first.
It is known that paper was made in China first.
Paper was known to be made in China first.
類似句型有：It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that
時態(tài)考點分析
1．--Can I join your club,dad?
--You can when you______a bit older. (NMET)
A.get B.will get C.are getting D.will have got
析：“You can”是將來意，when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來所以此題答案為A.
2．--Oh,it’s you!I______you.
--I’ve just had my hair cut and I’m wearing new glasses.
A.didn’t recognize B.hadn’t recognized C.haven’t recognized D.don’t recongnize
析：從“Oh,it’s you!”可知說話時已認出對方。“沒有認出”是在此之前為過去情況，所以應(yīng)選A.
3.I don’t think Jim saw me;he______into space. (NMET)
A.just stared B.was just staring C.has just stared D.had just stared
析：在空白處應(yīng)選一個與“saw”相配，能解釋Jim didn’t see me 這一原因的選項，只有著眼于A、B。若選A不能體觀他“當(dāng)時正在做”某事，故排除A而選B。這樣因為“他正在望宇宙天空”所以“未看到我”。
4.--______my glasses?
--Yes,I saw them on your bed a minute ago. (NMET)
A.Do you see B.Had you seen C.Would you see D.Have you seen
析：現(xiàn)在完成時可表過去發(fā)生的事情對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，問話人以這樣的時態(tài)發(fā)問可作現(xiàn)焦急的心情。故答案為D。
5.You don’t need to describe her.I______her several times. (NMET)
A.had met B.have met C.met D.meet
析：答案B。道理同4。
6.--Do you know our town at all?
--No,this is the first time I______here.
A.was B.have been C.came D.am going
析：根據(jù)this/it is the first/second/…time sb.has done sth.句型，可定答案為B。又如：This is the second time he has visited the Great Wall.
7.I don’t really work here.I______until the new secretary arrives. (NMET)
A.just help out B.have just helped out
C.am just helping out D.will just help out
析：根據(jù)I don’t really work here.以及…until the new secretary arrives,可知說話人所要做的事是計劃安排行為，C、D兩個選項都表將來動作，但D非計劃安排，C則體現(xiàn)按計劃去做，所以此題答案為C。
8.--Is this raincoat yours?
--No,mine______there behind the door. (NMET)
A.is hanging B.has hung C.hangs D.hung
析：此題的“懸掛”是指現(xiàn)狀而言，故表過去“掛”的B、D項可排除。C項雖指“現(xiàn)在掛”，但側(cè)重在常規(guī)，習(xí)慣。為了突出“你所指的那件雨衣不是我的，我的正掛在門后”這一意思，選A是極為合情理的。
被動語態(tài)
一、被動語態(tài)的句型
1.常見句式是：主語（受動者）＋be＋過去分詞＋（by＋施動者）
例如：He was scolded by the English teacher.
2.主語＋get＋過去分詞＋其它成分
例如：The boy got drowned last summer./ She got fired because of her faults.
注意：使用這種結(jié)構(gòu)不能帶有“by＋施動者”
3.帶有雙賓語（直接賓語和間接賓語）的主動句變?yōu)閯泳洌渲髡Z可以是直接賓語，也可以是間接賓語。例如：She lent me a bike.被動：1）I was lent a bike(by her).
2）A bike was lent to me(by her).
4.情態(tài)動詞＋be＋過去分詞
例如：This problem must be worked out in half an hour.
5.雙重被動式：主語＋被動式謂語＋不定式的被動式＋其它成分
例如；These magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room./The murderer was ordered to be shot.
二、主動表示被動的幾種情況
1.不及物動詞與狀語連用，用以表示主語的品質(zhì)和狀態(tài)。常見動詞是：cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等。例如：This knife cuts well.這把刀好切。These books sell well.這些書好賣。The pen writes smoothly.這支筆寫起來流暢。Meat wont keep long in such hot weather.肉在這樣熱的天氣里放不長久。The cloth washes well.這種布好洗。
2.一些連系動詞的主動式＋形容詞。常見動look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out等。例如：The apples taste good./The flower smells wonderful./The news proved/turned out true./Cotton feels soft.注：prove也可用于被動式，如：His answer(was) proved right.
3.不定式在某些形容詞之后，且與主語有動賓關(guān)系。常見形容詞有：hard,defficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible等。例如：The problem is easy to do./The question is difficult to answer./The box is heavy to carry./The project is impossible to complete in a year.比較：The problem is to be done./The question is to be answered.沒有形容詞時，雖然不定式與主語是動賓關(guān)系，但必須用被動式。
三、容易誤用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況：
1.I teach myself French.不可變?yōu)镸yself is taught French.因為反身代詞不可作主語。
2.We help each other/one another.不可變?yōu)镋ach other/One another is helped by us.因為相互代詞不可作主語。
3.He lost heart.不可變?yōu)镠eart was lost by him.因為象lose heart,make a face,keep silence,lose in thought這類動賓結(jié)構(gòu)的固定短語只能用于主動式，不能用被動式。
4.She took part in the sports meet.不能變?yōu)門he sports meet was taken part in by her.因為象take part in,belong to ,own,have,hate,fail,contain等表狀態(tài)動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。
被動語態(tài)考點分析
1.I need one more stamp before my collection______. (NMET)
A.has completed B.completes C.has been completed D.is completed
析：complete是及物動詞，“郵集”是被人完成的，須從表被動意的C、D中選擇。又因before等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中謂語要用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來，所以此題答案為D。
2.--Do you like the material?
--Yes,it______very soft. (NMET)
A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt
析：觀察題干，空白線后無賓語，可知feel是不及物動詞，表“（某物）摸起來…”意思,是連系動詞，不能用于被動式，也不用進行時。根據(jù)此題對話情景，是指某種材料的常規(guī)特性，要用一般現(xiàn)在時，不能用過去時，故答案為C。feel作“感覺”、“認為”、“摸”等意時是及物動詞，可帶賓語，有時態(tài)，語態(tài)等變化。
3．Great changes______in the city,and a lot of factories______. (NMET)
A.have been taken place…h(huán)ave been set up
B.have taken place…h(huán)ave been set up
C.have taken place…h(huán)ave set up
D.were taken place…were set up
析：take place（發(fā)生）是不及物動詞，不可用于被動語態(tài)，于是可排除A、D，又因set up(建造)是及物動詞，在此題中應(yīng)該用被動式，故排除C，答案為B。
4.Most of the artists______to the party were from South Africa. (NMET)
A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited
析：首先可排除B。因為它不表示“被邀請”。又因D項少引導(dǎo)詞who，也應(yīng)排除。A項＝who were invited,C項＝who were being invited,由象invite這類短暫動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞被動式不可作后置定語，故也應(yīng)排除。因而可定答案為A。
5.I dont know the restaurant,but its______to be quite a good one.(NMET)
A.said B.told C.spoken D.talked
析：根據(jù)“某人/某物據(jù)說…”英文句式為“sb/sth.is said…”可定答案為A。又如：He is said to be a clever boy.據(jù)說他是一個聰明的男孩。
6.The police found that the house______and a lot of things______.(NMET)
A.has broken into…h(huán)as been stolen B.has broken into…h(huán)ad been stolen
C.has been broken into…stolen D.had been broken into…stolen
析：“房屋被人闖入”，“東西被偷”都是被動語態(tài)，故可排除A、B。因C項中的has been broken into不能置于found之后，則答案只能是D。
7.I promise that the matter will______. (NMET)
A.be taden care B.be taken care of C.take care D.take care of
析：take care of…是固定短語，若無of則不可帶賓語，只能跟that從句。所以此題答案為B。
8.If city noises______from increasing,people____shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. (NMET)
A.are not kept…will have to B.are not kept…h(huán)ave to
C.do not keep…will have to D.do not keep…h(huán)ave to
析：觀察題干，第一處必須用被動式，答案只能在A、B中選一。條件句用一般現(xiàn)在時，主句應(yīng)為一般將來時，故答案為A。
9.The Olympic Games,____in 776 BC,did not include women players until 1912.(NMET)
A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing
析；要表達“被舉行”，只能在B、C中選。B意“將要首次舉行”。顯然不合in 776 BC這一過去時間，只有C，first played(＝which was first played)才合用。故答案為C。
10.This sentence needs______.
A.a improvement B.improve C.improving D.improved
析：初看此題似手A、C皆可，但improvement是元音開頭詞，其前要用an,故排除。need作實義動詞，和require,want一樣，后面可跟doing或to be done 表“需要被…”意。如：The door needs/wants/requires painting/to be painted.(這扇門需要漆一下。)
11.I should very much like to have gone to the party,but I______invited.
A.am not B.havent been C.was not D.will not be
析：should/would like to have done sth.意“本想做某事”，例如：I should like to have seen the film,but it wasnt possible.由于這種句式表示“過去想”，所以but后的句子也應(yīng)該是過去時態(tài)與之相配合，故此題答案是C。
12.--______the note______to Mr Smith?
--No,It is still in my pocket.
A.Is…being given B.Was…given C.Has…been given D.Hasnt…been given
析：根據(jù)問句與答句，問話人顯然是注重結(jié)果，故要用現(xiàn)在完成時。似乎D作為反詰句“難道條還沒給史密斯先生嗎？”也成立，但若是這種口氣發(fā)問，答話人就應(yīng)答“Sorry.It is still in my pocket.”,所以此題答案應(yīng)為C。
13.We heard it______that he had gone to New York.
A.say B.said C.to say D.be said
析：It was said that…可以改為We heard it said that…(都表示“據(jù)說…”之意)。前一種說法中It 是形式主語，后一種說法中it是形式賓語。故此題答案為B。