Unit 7 Living with Disease
Period 1
(Warming up/listening/ speaking)
一、剖析重點詞匯詞組句型
I. Word Usage:
1．deadly adj. & adv．
(1)adj．極其危險的，致命的；極度的，非常的；像死了似的，死氣沉沉的
Cancer is a deadly disease．癌癥是一種致命的疾病。
A deadly silence filled the class．
教室里死一般的寂靜。
Her deadly appearance was due to long illness．
因為長期生病，她的臉色死氣沉沉的。
(2)adv．非常，極其；死了似的
I am deadly sleepy．我太困了。
deadly pale 死一樣的蒼白
2．a(chǎn)ttitude rt．態(tài)度[C]
習慣與attitude搭配的動詞有take(采取)，adopt(采取)，keep(保持)等，
介詞習慣用towards或to。
一些人對殘疾人抱有錯誤的態(tài)度。
Some people hold the wrong attitude towards the disabled.
The writer’s attitude towards life is strange．
這個作家對生活的態(tài)度有點奇怪。
3．imaginary adj. 想像出來的，虛構(gòu)的
這故事不是真實的，而是虛構(gòu)的。
This is a true story not an imaginary one.
*imaginative adj 富于想像力的，愛想像的
an imaginative child/ writer/ production
有想像力的孩子/ 富于想像力的作家/ 體現(xiàn)出想像力的產(chǎn)品
拓展：*imaginable adj．可想像的，想像得到的
*imagine v．想像
*imagination n．想像力；想像出來的東西，幻想
4. quiz noun [C] (plural quizzes)
1.GAME a game in which you answer questions
a television quiz show
2.TEST (US) a short test on a subject in school
*verb [T] (quizzing, quizzed)
to ask someone questions about something
A group of journalists quizzed them about/on the day's events.
5．infect vt. 傳染，染上細菌；影響(指壞的影響)，感染(好的影響)
Anyone with a bad cold may infect the people around him．
感冒嚴重的人會使他周圍的人也感染病菌的。
The wound was infected with germs．
傷口被細菌感染了。
Her spirit infected me．她的精神感染了我。
*infection n. 傳染，感染；傳染病
*infectious adj．有傳染性的
6．transmit vt．＆vi傳送，傳導，輸送；播送(節(jié)目)：
The programme will be transmitted at 8 o’clock．
這節(jié)目將在八點播放。
Rats transmit disease．
老鼠傳播疾病。
*transmission n．傳送(播／遞)；播送的節(jié)目，一段廣播
7．via prep．經(jīng)由
他經(jīng)由巴拿馬運河從紐約到加利福尼亞。
He travelled from New York to California via the Panama Cannel.
The news reached me via my aunt．
這消息是通過我阿姨而知道的。
The train to Utrecht goes via Amsterdam.
I receive all my work via e-mail.
8．persuade Vt．
(1)跟不定式的復合結(jié)構(gòu)(persuade sb. to do sth.= persuade sb into doing sth.)
He also persuaded other people to provide money or to give help．
他也說服了其他人或者提供錢或者提供幫助。
你能不能勸他改變那個愚蠢的計劃?
Can you persuade him to change the foolish plan?
(2)跟帶副詞或介詞短語的復合結(jié)構(gòu)
She persuade him up for a cup coffee．
她勸他上來喝杯咖啡。
It's very difficult to persuade him of the fact.
*persuade的準確含義是“說服”，表示“說而不服”不能用persuade，而用try to persuade
我試著去說服他放棄吸煙，可他拒絕了。
I tried to persuade him to give up smoking but he refused.
II. Useful expressions:
*challenge an opinion
*be/ become infected with
*be / make friends with
*the center for Discussion Control and Prevention
*take notes of
III. Sentence Patterns:
*If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick.
*One reason is that......
*What if...?
二、課堂跟蹤反饋
I．Put the following into English
1．和攜帶艾滋病毒的人交朋友是安全的。
2．人們對待艾滋病毒攜帶者的態(tài)度是錯的。
3．這故事不是真實的，而是虛構(gòu)的。
4．他也說服了其他人或者提供錢或者提供幫助。
5．傷口被細菌感染了。
Homework:
I．Finish the exercises of this period in the workbook
II．Review words and expressions of this period
Period 2
(Reading)
***Reading comprehension questions:
Passage I
1. Which of the following is true?
A. People will die immediately after they get AIDS.
B. HIV spreads only through blood.
C. Xiaohua was three when her mother died.
D. AIDS is a disease that break down the body's immune system and leave a person defense against
infections and illnesses.
2. Which of the following is not true?
A. In 2002, 3.2 million children in the world were infected with HIV.
B. The disease is spreading faster in America and parts of Asia.
C. Xiaohua knows that she will die before she can grow up.
D. Xiaohua wants to be a doctor to help AIDS patients.
3. What are the means of being infected with AIDS?
A. Through blood and other body liquids. B. By having unprotected sex
C. Through birth D. All of the above.
4. The text mainly tells us ________.
A. how terrible AIDS is
B. how miserable Xiaohua is
C. what we should do towards AIDS and AIDS patients
D. how to help Xiaohua
5. From the text, we can infer that _______.
A. we should avoid any contact with AIDS patients
B. Xiaohua wants to give a hug to an AIDS patient
C. Xiaohua's life won't be as long as her classmates', so she is unhappy
D. people should try to know about AIDS
(CBDCD)
一、剖析重點詞匯詞組句型
1．break down
(I)(機器、車輛等)壞了
His small electric fan broke down．
他的小電風扇壞了。
很抱歉我們來晚了，可車子壞了。
We are sorry for being late, but our car broke down on the way.
(2)(計劃，談判等)失敗了；堅持不下去了
The peace talks have broken down．和平談判已經(jīng)失敗了。
(3)(身體)垮了；感情控制不住(哭起來了)
I can’t have you breaking down in health．
我不能讓你的身體垮了。
She broke down with a sob．她克制不住嗚咽起來。
(4)(談話、通訊)中斷
He broke down in the middle of his speech．
演講到一半時他停止了。
2．immune adj. 免疫(后接to，from或against)；免于，免受
This medicine will make you immune to／from measles．
*immune from additional taxes 免納附加稅
*immunity 免疫力；免除，豁免
*immune system 免疫系統(tǒng)
3．leave sb．defenseless使某人沒有防衛(wèi)
(1)defenseless adj 沒有防衛(wèi)的，不能保護自己的
a defenseless child/ animal沒有自衛(wèi)能力的孩子/ 動物
defend v．保護，保衛(wèi)
defense n．防御，防護，保衛(wèi)
defensive adj．防御用的，防御性的
defensible adj.可保衛(wèi)的，可防御的
(2)leave vt＆vi
【注意】
(1)“l(fā)eave+某地”和“l(fā)eave for+某地”的意義大相徑庭：前者是“離開某地”；后者是“到某地去”。
我們離開上海去北京。
We left Shanghai for Beijing.
(2)leave可用作復合及物動詞，表示“聽任在某處、使保持某一狀態(tài)”，其后的賓語補足語為形容詞、副詞、
副詞性短語、分詞、名詞及其他結(jié)構(gòu)。
You’d better leave the door open．你最好讓門開著。
要么帶我去，要么讓我留在這兒。
You either take me along or leave me here.
Did you leave it in winter before you washed it?
Then I left him standing outside．然后我讓他一直站在外面。
It’s better to leave something unsaid．有些事最好別說。 、
She was left an orphan．她成了孤兒。
Leave it where it is．把它放在那兒，別動它。
4．manage vt&vi經(jīng)營，管理
(1)跟名詞或代詞，作“設法做到(得到)、支配、處理、對付得了”等解，常與can，could連用。
I can manage it myself．我能自己處理。
Can you manage these heavy boxes?你能拿得動這些箱子?
I can not manage another cake．
再來塊蛋糕的話，我就吃不下了。
(2)可用作不及物動詞，作“能辦得到、設法解決、勉強維持”等解。
別擔心，我能處理好的。
(3)后接不定式，表示“設法(終于)完成(某件困難的事)”
How do fish manage to live in the seas near Antarctica?
魚怎樣設法在南極洲附近的海域生活的呢?
5．illness與disease的區(qū)別：
disease指患的或傳染的具體“疾病”，是醫(yī)學研究的課題，也可引申指社會“弊病”；illness指患病狀態(tài)或期間，它是由disease引起的“病”或造成的“病態(tài)”。以下幾句中illness不宜用disease替換：
During her illness，she never wrote a letter．
在她生病期間，沒有寫一封信。
She suffered from a serious illness last year．
去年她生了一場重病。
ill與sick的區(qū)別：
(1)ill作“生病的，有病的”解時只用作表語，不用作定語；ill作“壞的(bad)，惡的(evil)”
解時只能用作定語，不用作表語。
------你生病了嗎? Are you ill?
------是的，我有點兒病了。 Yes, I'm a bit sick/ill.
Don’t make friends with a person with an ill name．
(2)sick表生病，可用作定語或表語。
treat sick people治療生病的人
feel sick感覺生病了
5．treatment n．對待，處理[U]；治療[U]；治療辦法[C]
You’ll never be well without treatment
你不治療身體是不會好的。
He has tried many treatments for skin disease．
他試了很多方法治療他的皮膚病。
6．unprotected adj. 沒有保護的
protect v．保護、保衛(wèi)(protect sb．／sth．a(chǎn)gainst／from sth．)
You need warm clothes to protect you against the cold．
你要穿上暖和的衣服才不會挨凍。
*protection n．保護，防衛(wèi)
*protective adj 保護的
7．transfusion n．輸血
The injured man had lost a lot of blood and had to be given a transfusion．
那個受傷的男子失血過多，必須進行輸血。
8．die of與die from的區(qū)別：
指死于疾病、毒、饑餓、年邁等，通常用of；
指死于衰弱、負傷、過勞等，通常用from；
指死于暴行、縊殺、刀箭等非常原因，通常用by；
指死于憂愁、羞恥、憤怒等，通常用with。
He died of sickness(poison，hunger，old age)
He died from weakness(wound，overwork)
He died by violence(hanging，the sword)
He died with grief(joy，shame，envy)
9．until prep＆conj．
(1)until用于肯定句作“直到……為止”解時，句子謂語一般是延續(xù)性動詞(如stay，sleep，work，study，play等)，表示動作一直延續(xù)到until所表示的時間為止。
Go on until you reach the end．堅持到最后。
He waits until the children are asleep．他要等到孩子都睡了。
The smoke grew heavier and heavier until finally it turned into a terrible Genie(妖怪)．
(2)until用于否定句作“在……以前、直到……才”解時，句子謂語一般是終止性動詞
(如come，arrive，leave，die等)
You needn’t come until six．你不必在六點前過來。
我們要到明天才回來。
I won't be back until tomorrow.
(3)以until引起的句子謂語要用一般時來代替將來時。
(4)until作“直至……為止”解時，只能指時間，不能指空間。如不能說
“We walked till the bridge”；而要說
“We walked tm we got to the bridge．”
(5)注意until與till用法上的區(qū)別：不論用作介詞還是連詞，till都不如until常用；until多用于正式文體中，語氣較鄭重；在句子的開首用until比用till普遍；在名詞和較短的從句前多用till．
(6)比較not…until與not…before
He didn’t know any English until he came to England．
He didn’t know any English before he came to England．
兩者的區(qū)別在于著眼點不同：until側(cè)重于主句轉(zhuǎn)化后的情況； before則側(cè)重于事物的原有情況。
10．wish n．＆v．
(1)n．愿望，意愿[c](+to do sth．；for sth)；祝愿(多作復數(shù)) ．
My wish to get the prize(for the prize)came true．
我想要獲獎的愿望實現(xiàn)了。
請接受我們真誠的祝福。
Please accept our sincere wishes to you.
(2)v．希望，但愿
①跟不定式或帶不定式的復合賓語
I don’t wish to leave my mother alone．
我不希望留下我媽媽一個人。
這個話題我不想再提了。
I won't mention the matter again.
②跟帶形容詞或名詞或代詞的復合結(jié)構(gòu)
1 wish you well．我希望你身體好。
祝你好運。
Wish you good luck.
③跟從句(從句要用虛擬語氣,用did (were)/ had done / would/could +v來分別表示與現(xiàn)在、過去和將來事
實相反的情況)
1 wish we could go to the seaside today．
但愿我們今天能去海邊。
我多希望我沒有說過那些。
How I wish I hadn't said that before.
I wish the weather were better．多希望天氣好點。
11. 1ack vt．& n．
(1)v. lack一般用作及物動詞，但也有時用作不及物動詞，與for搭配，表示“缺乏”，習慣用于否定句。
I lack the courage to do it．我沒有勇氣去做那件事。
She doesn’t lack for money．她不缺錢。
他不缺少朋友。
He doesn't lack for friends.
*be lacking in缺乏(某種品質(zhì)、特點等)，不夠……
She is lacking in wisdom(courage，humour，common sense)
她缺乏智慧(勇氣、幽默、常識)。
(2)n．缺乏，沒有(多作不可數(shù)名詞，有時可加不定冠詞)
The boy can’t go to school for (through／from) lack of money．
因為缺錢，那個男孩上不了學。
A lack of food caused him to grow weak．
食物匱乏使他身體很弱。
12．proper恰當?shù)摹：线m的
(1)proper可用作定語，或表語。用作表語時常用如下結(jié)構(gòu)：
It is proper for sb．to do sth(that sb．Should do sth．)
他適合上大學。
(2)proper常與介詞for搭配
適用于做這個工作的工具
tools proper for this work
(3)比較proper，fit與suitable：
proper是較正式用詞，指對某一場合是恰當?shù)模瑥娬{(diào)合乎情理、習慣、邏輯以及社會風俗。
suitable強調(diào)適合某種環(huán)境、情況、場合，與某種具體的要求相適應，或適合某種特殊的需要。有時可與 proper互換。
fit是最普通用詞，常用于表示適合某種目的、用途、條件、要求或暗示具備了需要的品質(zhì)或特性(如某人有能力勝任某種工作或職務)等，有時指合適的用法或做法。
這些衣服很適合在節(jié)日穿。
These clothes are suitable / proper to wear on holidays.
如果我們繼續(xù)污染地球，它將會不適合我們居住。
If we go on polluting the earth, it will not suitable for us to live on.
13．a(chǎn)vailable adj. 可以找到(得到)；可以利用，可供使用；(指人)可以找、可以用
Tickets are available at the box office．票房有票。
這本書有貨時，就通知你。
We will inform you if the book is available.
I'm available in the afternoon．
14．discourage vt．
(1)作“使泄氣”解時常用過去分詞形式表示“泄氣的”，或現(xiàn)在分詞形式表示“令人泄氣的”，作定語或表語。
現(xiàn)在的形勢是如此令人泄氣，所以我有點喪失信心了。
The present situation is so discouraging that I'm really discouraged.
(2)作“勸阻、阻止”解時，常用于“discourage sb．from (doing)sth”這種句式中。
做父母的應該勸子女不要吸煙。
Parents should discourage their children from smoking.
15．cheer v．＆n．
(1)V．可作及物或不及物動詞。作“使高興，使鼓舞”解時為及物動詞；作“(為……)歡呼，喝彩”解時可作
及物或不及物動詞。
Your visit cheered(up)the sick man．
你的到來使這個病人很高興。
We cheered as he neared the finish line．
當他接近終點線時，我們歡呼起來。
男孩們?yōu)樗麄兊淖闱蜿牶炔省?/p>
The boys cheered (for) their football team.
(2)n．歡呼，喝彩[C]；愉快的情緒[u]
A cheer arose from the crowd when the president appeared．
當主席出現(xiàn)的時候，人群中響起一片歡呼聲。
英國人有時用復數(shù)形式表示“謝謝”，打電話時表示“再見”，祝酒時表示“為你的健康而干杯”。
16．關于as if與as though的用法必須注意：
as if／though引起的從句，若表示的是事實，從句中謂語動詞遵循時間照應的一般規(guī)則；若表示的是假設，那么從句中的謂語動詞用虛擬語氣。
He is walking as if he were drunk．(沒有喝醉)
He is walking as if he is drunk．(醉酒的可能性很大)
二、課堂跟蹤反饋
I．Fill in the correct forms of the word according to the given Chinese:
1．He has tried many____ (治療)for skin disease．
2．The injured man had lost a lot of blood and had to be given a ____(輸血)．
3．He was a___(完全)stranger to me．
4．The boy can’t go to school for(through／from)_____(缺乏)of money．
5．We ______ (歡呼)as he neared the finish line．
II. Homework:
Finish all the exercises of this period in the workbook．
Period 3
Integrating skill
***Reading comprehension questions:
1. Which of the following is true?
A. On that Tuesday afternoon, I knew I got cancer.
B. Cancer can be treated.
C. Doctors know why some people get cancer.
D. Cancer can be caused by injury.
2. Which of the following is not true?
A. When I heard I got cancer, I thought my life was going to end.
B. If one gets cancer, cells either divide too fast or at the wrong time
C. All the people who got cancer will be treated with radiation.
D. After two years' treatment, I changed my mind towards cancer.
3. How did "I" feel when I heard the news?
A. Sad B. Optimistic C. Empty D. Nothing serious
4. The passage mainly tells us ________.
A. how "I" got cancer B. what cancer is
C. how I came through the shade of cancer D. how my friends help me
5. What can we get from this passage?
A. I love my mother .
B. The cancer can be defeated if only we can fight with it.
C. Cancer doesn't spread from one person to another.
D. "I" plan to live a long life.
(BCACB)
一、剖析重點詞匯詞組句型
1．visible adj.看得見；明顯的，明確的(~to sb．)
The house is visible from the road．在路上能看到那所房子。
There has been a visible change in her since she got married．
* invisible adj．看不見的，不可見的(～to sb．／sth．)
Many stars are invisible to the naked eyes．
許多星星是肉眼看不到。
invisible exports / trade無形輸出／貿(mào)易
2．meaningful adj. 有意義的，意味深長的
She gave me a meaningful look．她意味深長地看了我一眼。
He made several meaningful pauses during his speech．
*meaningless adj．沒有意義的
他的話似乎沒什么意義。
*meaning n．意思，意義[C][n．]
生活的意義是什么?
What's the meaning of life?
I can’t get your meaning．
我不明白你的意思。
mean”．作“意思是……；有……的意思”解時，其后通常跟名詞、代詞，動名詞或從句；
作“有……的意圖、打算”解時，其后通常跟不定式作賓語或賓語補足語。
點頭表示同意，而搖頭表示不同意。
Nodding one's head means agreement while shaking one's head means disagreement.
我本來打算昨天告訴你的，但你不在辦公室里。
I had meant to tell you about it but you weren't in the office.
當mean作“意味著”解時，主語常是非生物名(代)詞短語，可接v-ing短語作賓語，但不跟動詞不定式。
錯過這班火車就意味著還要等兩個小時。
3．identify vt＆vi認出(身份，物件等)，證明是(誰的)，說明其(身分)
I identified the coat at once-it was my brother's．
我一下子就認出了這件外套，它是我弟弟的。
4．pity n．&vt．
(1)pity作“憐憫、同情”解是不可數(shù)名詞
The man needed help，not pity．
那個人需要的不是憐憫而是幫助。
他對那些窮人沒有憐憫之心。
He has no pity on the poor.
(2)pity作“遺憾的事、可惜的事”解是可數(shù)名詞。
What a pity(that)you can’t go with us．
你不能和我們一起去真是太遺憾了。
我認為那樣浪費時間真是太可惜了。
I think it a pity to waste time like that.
(3)pity作“遺憾的事”解時，常用于“It’s a pity+ that從句”這種句式。
that從句可用陳述語氣，也可用“should+動詞原形”虛擬式。
他要離開了真是太遺憾了。
It's a pity that he will/ should leave here.
真是很遺憾，你錯過了上周的運動會。
It's a pity that you missed the sports meeting held last week.
(4)注意在下面三個句子中，第一句介詞用for，第二、三句用on．
He felt／had no pity for that fellow．
他對那個人沒有同情心。
They took pity on him and gave him food．
他們很同情他，并給了他食物。
Do have pity on me!饒了我吧。
【注意】 feel／have pity for sb．表示“同情某人”；
take／have pity on／upon sb表示“憐憫、寬恕某人”。
二、課堂跟蹤反饋
Explain the following sentences in English：
1．If I were you，I would give up smoking．
2．I wish that my father were living a comfortable life．
3．If you studied hard，you could go to university．
4．I wish you hadn’t broken your glass．
Period 4
一、剖析重點詞匯詞組句型
1．diagnose vt．診斷
The doctor diagnosed my illness as a rare skin disease．
醫(yī)生診斷我的病是種罕見的皮膚病。
diagnosis n．診斷[c][u](p1．-ses)
2．examine Vt．檢查，審查，研討；考試。考核
They examined our passports very carefully．
他們仔細檢查了我們的通行證。
Have your eyes examined this afternoon．
下午去查一查眼睛吧。
The teacher examined the students in chemistry．
老師考查學生化學知識。
examiner主考人；examinee應考者；被考者
examination檢查，調(diào)查；考試(縮寫exam)
**區(qū)別examination，test與quiz
(1)examination指期中定期舉行的有相當規(guī)模的正式考試，也可指升學考試；
test是平時的小考、考查；
quiz指不預先準備或通知的隨時做的小測驗，還可指報紙、電視等媒體上的知識小測驗、益智測驗、
智力小競賽、猜謎等。
(2)test和examination都有“檢查”的意思，test所指的檢查是某項科學成果或現(xiàn)象。Examination所指的
檢查是對某事物仔細查看以證明事物運行是否正常，是否有故障或問題。
(3)test還有一個特殊的比喻意義，意為“考驗”，指對人的性格、能力等進行考驗。
困難是對性格的考驗。
Difficulties can test a person's character.
3．sample n．＆v
(1)貨樣，樣品[c]；抽樣(供化驗)，作品的樣子[c]
The salesman showed sample．銷售員展示樣品。
The doctor took a sample of the patient’s blood．
醫(yī)生取了一份病人的血樣。
(2)v．嘗試，嘗；抽查，在一部分人中進行了解
He made us sample his cake．
他讓我們嘗嘗他的蛋糕。
We sampled opinion among the workers about working methods．
4．disrupt Vt．打亂。破壞，使陷入混亂
Floods disrupted fiver traffic．
洪水破壞了水上交通。
John disrupted our arrangements．
約翰打亂了我們的計劃。
5．contagious adj. (指疾病) (接)觸(傳)染的；容易感染他人的。感染性的。
contagious laughter 容易感染別人的笑聲
Yawning is contagious．打哈欠是有感染性的。
6．recover vt ＆ vi
(1)recover作“恢復、康復”解時，可作及物或不及物動詞。
She recovered her health．她恢復了健康。
I think she will recover soon．我想她會很快康復的。
He has recovered from his bad cold and can go out tomorrow．
他已經(jīng)從重感冒中恢復身體，明天就可以出去了。
(2)recover的過去分詞可用作表語，表示“痊愈”
Are you completely recovered from your illness?
你是否已經(jīng)完全痊愈了?
(3)下面三句意思相近：
He is completely recovered from his illness．
He has completely recovered from his illness．
He has recovered his health．
(4)recover不是延續(xù)性動詞，不能與表時間段的時間狀語連用，因此這樣的表達是錯的：
He has recovered for several months．應這樣表達：
He recovered several months ago．=It is several months since he recovered．
=He has been recovered for several months．
7．contrary n.&adj．
(1)n.反面，相反的東西(情況)(多和the連用)
Hot is the contrary of cold．熱是冷相反的東西。
你告訴我的和他告訴我的正好相反。
**on the contrary (與此)相反
“Have yon nearly done'?" “On the contrary．I have only just begun．”
“你快做好了嗎?”“恰恰相反，我剛開始呢。”
(2)adj．相反的
traffic in contrary directions來來往往的車輛
Hot and cold are contrary terms．冷和熱是反義詞。
**contrary to和……相反，違反(作表語、狀語或定語)
Lying is contrary to my beliefs．撒謊是違背我信條的行為。
和我想的相反，他最后成功了。
The boy is swimming in a direction contrary to the current。
這個男孩正在逆流游泳。
8．free from…沒有；不受……損害
He wants to live a life entirely free from troubles．
他想過上完全沒有麻煩的生活。
Keep the table free from dirt by putting a cover over it．
free of 沒有，免交(受)；遠離，擺脫
If your wages are very small，they’11 be free of income tax．
如果工資很低的活，就可以免交收入稅．．
二、課堂跟蹤反饋
Fill in the blanks with proper words according to the given words．
1．The doctor_______(診斷)my illness as a rare skin disease．
2．Floods_________(破壞)river traffic．
3．He has________(恢復)from his bad cold and can go out tomorrow．
4．Each life is______(寶貴的)．
5．Yawning is_________(傳染的)．