Unit 14 Zoology
Step 1 Fast reading
Answer the following questions
1. How do honey bees communicate with each other? (Para 3)
2. What information do the two dances convey? (Para 4)
True or False:
( ) 1. Von Frisch and his co-workers counted hoe many times the bees repeated the wagging dance during one hour.
( ) 2. They discovered that the farther away the feeding station was, the faster the dance was.
( ) 3. The number of wagging dances per minute told the direction to the feeding place.
( ) 4. Then Professor Von Frisch did his third experiment, which was to discover whether the wagging dance showed direction.
( ) 5. He found that the straight part of the dance was the same in the morning from what it had been in the afternoon.
( ) 6. If the feeding place was toward the sun, the dance headed straight onward during the straight part of the wagging dance.
( ) 7. The experiment of Professor Karl Von Frisch tells us that bees can and do communicate with each other by their dances, which may be called a kind of “language”.
Suggested Answers: FFFTFFT
Step 2 Careful reading
make a summary of each part:
Part 1: (Para 1) Some basic knowledge about bees.
Part 2: (Paras 2-8) Professor Von Frisch’s experiment.
Part 3: (the last Para) The late life of Professor Von Frisch.
Choose the best answer
1.The scientist can research the language of the honeybees because of the development of ____ .D
A. the modern beehive B. experiment C. dishes of honey D. both A and B
2. The phrase “ tell the bees apart ” in Paragraph 2 means ______ . B
A. tell the bees separately
B. tell one bee from the other
C. drive the bees away
D. tear the bees into pieces
3. After the marked bees danced , the other bees _____ . D
A. danced together
B. became very excited
C. seemed not to noticed it
D. both A and B
4. Different dances indict different ______ . B
A. food B. feeding place C. steps D. semicircle
5. The phrase “ come to light ” in Paragraph 5 means _______ . A
A. become known
B. come to a bright place
C. turn bright
D. both A and B
6. The circle dances told the bees about ______ . A
A. the position of the feeding place
B. the distance of the feeding place
C. the amount of the food
D. all the information about food
7. The number of the wagging dances per minute told ______ . C
A. the position of the feeding place
B. the amount of the food
C. the distance of the feeding place
D. all the information about food
8.You can find the main idea of the test simply from _____ . A
A. the title
B. the first paragraph
C. the second paragraph
D. the last paragraph
9.Karl Von Frisch made an experiment to research ______ . C
A. the food of honeybees
B. the dance of honeybees
C. the ways honeybees communicate
D. the hive of honeybees
10. Which of the statements is possible according to the last paragraph? D
A. We human beings can communicate as honeybees do
B. We human beings can go as quickly as honeybees
C. We human beings can come to help each other in a fast way
D. We human beings can learn something from animal’s behavior
Step 3 Language points
1．tell ------ apart 識別，辨別 動副短語 常與can，could，be able to 連用。
eg. Can you tell the two things apart ？ （tell apart the two things）
eg. The twins are so much alike that their own mother can not tell them apart.
tell -----from-----
2. one after another one by one
eg. They have solved problems one after another since they came.（強調數量之多）
eg. After class the students left the classroom silently one by one. （強調順序）
3.They troop behind the first dancer, copying its movements.
troop Vi. 結隊而行，成群涌向。 句子主語應是復數。
eg. The children trooped into the park.
eg. The game was over and the players trooped home.
n. 一群，許多。 軍隊（常用復數） A troop of visitors /students (a group of / a line of)
copy 模仿，效仿 eg. You should copy his strong points ,not his weak points.
4.What else else 常放在疑問代詞或副詞后面
who else ,where else ,nobody else ,anything else eg.Where else did he go?
注：所有格
5. faraway 遙遠的 nearby 附近的 eg. a faraway forest a nearby hotel
faraway 作表語或狀語用 far away , nearby 作表語或狀語可用nearby, near by, near-by.
eg. The house is far away. eg. They live near-by less than a kilometer.
6. come to light 發現，暴露 (to be discovered)
eg.The money didn’t come to light until the old man died.
eg. New facts about the case have recently come to light.
注：come to light ,come about 中come 不用被動態
7.make a beeline for sp. 走直路，走近路
eg. As he spoke he made a beeline for the door.
eg. If you want catch with the team, you’d better make a beeline for them.
head for sp. eg. The ship is heading for London for repairs.
8.except/ except that /except for/ but/besides/apart from
eg. We all succeed _______ Tom.. (except)
eg.I looked everywhere _________ in the bedroom.. (except)
eg.He is a good man _______hot temper. (except for)
eg. Your article is quite good ________there are several spelling mistakes. (except that)
eg._________me ,there were ten other people at the meeting. (Besides, Apart from)
eg. The doctor told me nothing ______to stop smoking. (but)
eg. Last night I did nothing _____ watch TV. (but)
Integrating Skills
Step 1 Lead in
Which group do the zoologists place human Beings? Primates.
Primates include other mammals such as apes and monkeys, and they share certain characteristics.
Step 2 Fast reading
1 What are the key features found in primates? (Para 1)
2 Do you think it is possible to teach chimpanzees to use language and do other things that we consider typically human? Why or why not? (Para 6)
3.Can you name some key features found in primates?
Their hands and feet can grasp and often have opposable thumbs and toes.
4. Which two groups are the primates divided?
Higher primates and lower primates. Or new world primates and old world primates.
5. What are the differences between apes and monkeys?
Apes have no tails, nearly all monkeys do; apes tend to be larger and walk more upright; apes use sight more than smell. Apes also have more developed brains and give birth to fewer young.
6. What do primates use to express themselves and communicate?
They use facial expressions, body language and sounds to express themselves and they can even use colour and smell to communicate.
7. Why the experiments may not tell us much about how chimpanzees think and what they are able to do?
The reason is what the chimpanzees are trained to do is not natural to them, nor does it make much sense to the animals.
Step 3 Careful reading
Scan the passage and complete the chart below:
Types Characteristics and examples
Primate 1. hands and feet can grasp and often have opposable thumbs and toes;
2. have a better sense of touch and the primate brain is larger.
Other animals 1. not good at holding, moving, and using objects;
2. have a weak sense of touch and small brain.
Higher primates Large size of brain, such as human beings and apes.
Lower primates Small size of brain.
Monkeys Have tails, small and walk less upright.
Apes not tail, larger and walk more upright, use sight more than smell, developed brain.
Now world primates Bigger and spend more time on the ground, such as monkeys, apes and humans
Suggested answers to Ex 1 on Page 126
Primates
Primates have hands and feet that can grasp or thumbs and toes that are opposable. Primates also have a highly developed sense of touch and a brain that is larger-compared to body size-than that of other animals.
Other animals
Other animals have smaller brains compared to their body size.
Higher primates
Larger brains
Lower primates Smaller brains
Monkeys
Most monkeys have tails; monkeys are smaller and doesn’t walk upright as apes; their brains are less developed.
Apes
Apes have no tails; apes tend to be larger and walk more upright; apes use sight more than smell; an ape’s brain is more developed; apes have fewer young
New world primates
The group includes, among others, the spider monkey and the night monkey. New world primates are usually small and live in trees
Old world primates
The group includes monkeys, apes and humans. Old world primates are bigger and spend more time on the ground.
Suggested answers to Ex 2 on Page 126
Higher primates, such as chimpanzees, are genetically very similar to human beings. They walk like us (upright) and have hands and feet that can grasp. Chimpanzees and other higher primates also behave in “human” ways: they live in groups, they communicate with each other, and they use tools to find and eat food. However, these similarities do not mean that higher primates necessarily think like humans or are able to do what humans do, such as the solve problems and use human language. Some primates, such as chimpanzees, also still have opposable toes, but human beings don’t.
Step 4 Discussion
Do you think it is possible to teach chimpanzees to use language and do other things that we consider typically human? Why or why not?
Step 5 Language points
1.That means that primates are better than other animals at holding, moving and using objects.
better than other animals是比較級表最高級的用法.
(1) 比較級+than+any other+單數名詞 He is taller than any other boy in his class.
(2) 比較級+than+all the other +復數名詞 He is taller than all the other boys in his class
(3) 比較級+than +anyone else He is taller than anyone else
2. Notably
(1) adv.值得注意的;愿意地;引人注目地;顯然
Many members are notably absent from the meeting.
(2) 尤其地;特別地 Many members were absent, notably the vice-chairman.
3. Compared to (with)與……相比較 Compared to (with) her mother, she is tall.
compare…with…把……和……做比較 compare…to… 把……比作……
beyond/past/without compare無比的;無雙的
4. feast on 或feast…on…宴請(某人),款待;盡情地吃 He feasted his friends on turkey.
We feasted all evening on the best food and drink.