高一英語(yǔ)講解與練習(xí)（Unit 1）
重點(diǎn)詞匯解析
attend v. 參加
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According to the law in China, all children between 6 and 14 must attend school. 根據(jù)中國(guó)法律，六到十四歲的兒童必須上學(xué)。
I can’t go with you because I have one or two things to attend to (deal with).我不能和你去，因?yàn)槲疫�有一兩件事要處理。
attend church 做禮拜；attend the meeting 參加會(huì)議
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average n. adj. v. 平均的
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The average of their study hours a day is 14. How tiring! 他們一天學(xué)習(xí)的平均時(shí)間是14 小時(shí)。 多累啊！（名詞）
We receive 20 letters a day on average. 我們平均一天收20封信。
What is the average rainfall for July in your city? 你們城市七月份平均降雨量是多少？（形容詞）
I average eight hours’ work a day. 我一天平均工作八小時(shí)。（動(dòng)詞）
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challenging adj. challenge v. n. 挑戰(zhàn)
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She enjoys challenging problems. 她喜歡挑戰(zhàn)性的問(wèn)題。
I only like to study something if it really challenges me. 我只喜歡學(xué)真正能挑戰(zhàn)我的東西。
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extra adj. adv. n. 額外
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An extra loaf of bread was given to Tom. Tom.得到額外的一塊面包。
At this hotel a hot bath is an extra. 在這家旅館，熱水洗澡是另外付錢(qián)的。
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experience n. v. 經(jīng)歷；經(jīng)驗(yàn)
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How many years’ experience do you have of teaching English? 你教書(shū)有多少年了？
Don’t correct him all the time---he will learn by/from/through experience.不要一直糾正他，他會(huì)從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中學(xué)。
Our journey by camel across Sahara was quite an experience. (抽象名詞具體化，指一次經(jīng)歷)
I experienced great difficulty in getting a visa to leave the country. 簽證離開(kāi)那個(gè)國(guó)家我費(fèi)了很大的勁。
Many people can drive at present, but they need to learn to be experienced at repairing cars.目前許多人會(huì)開(kāi)車，還需學(xué)習(xí)會(huì)修車。
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develop v. 發(fā)展
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In less than ten years, it develops from a seed to a full-grown tree.不到十年，它從一個(gè)小種子長(zhǎng)成一棵大樹(shù)。
Our holiday films haven’t been developed yet. 假日的膠卷還沒(méi)沖洗。
Some countries are well developed while a lot more are developing countries.有些國(guó)家很發(fā)達(dá)，而更多的是發(fā)展中國(guó)家。
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cover v. 蓋；報(bào)道
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The noise was so loud that she covered her ears with her hands. 噪音太高，她用手捂住耳朵。
Many reporters have been sent to cover the football games.已派了許多記者去報(bào)道足球賽。
The course covers both business and law. 這門(mén)課涉及商業(yè)和法律。
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regret n. & v. 遺憾
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He expressed his regret about the opportunity he missed.他失去那個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，很遺憾。
I regret to say the seat has been taken. 對(duì)不起，座位有人坐了。
How I regret having wasted so much time when I should have studied.我多么后悔我浪費(fèi)了本該學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)間。
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inform v. 通知 information n. 信息
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No one informed him of/about the decision. 沒(méi)有人通知他決定。
I informed him that I would not be able to attend his party. 我告訴他我不能參加他的宴會(huì)。
We have received information that they may have left the country. 我們得到信息他們可能已離開(kāi)那個(gè)國(guó)家。
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run v. 跑，經(jīng)營(yíng)
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The water ran for hours before the leak was found.漏洞發(fā)現(xiàn)之前，水已流了數(shù)小時(shí)。
Many married women manage to go out to work and run home as well.許多結(jié)婚的女人又工作又理家。
I ran across one of his earliest recordings in a second-hand shop. 在一家二手店里，我偶爾見(jiàn)到他的一張?jiān)缙诔?/p>
Bob asked my father to lend him 500 dollars because he was running short of money. Bob要我爸爸借500美元給他，因?yàn)樗卞X(qián)。
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host n. 主人；
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At the end of the party we thanked our host and went home. 在晚會(huì)結(jié)束時(shí)，我們謝謝主人后回家。
We are proud China is the host country for the 2008 Olympic Games. 我們非常驕傲中國(guó)主辦2008年奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。
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require v. 需要
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Your suggestion requires further thought. 你的建議需要進(jìn)一步思考。
The situation requires that we (should) take immediate action.情形需要我們采取立刻行動(dòng)。
All passengers are required to show their tickets. 所有的乘客需要出示篇。
The floor requires/needs/wants cleaning. 地板需要清洗。
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requirement n.需要
Whatever he did never met his father’s requirements. So he left home.他無(wú)論做什么，都不能滿足他爸爸的要求，所以，他離家出走了。
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重點(diǎn)詞語(yǔ)辨析
1. exciting 令人激動(dòng)的 (主語(yǔ)往往具有使他人或它物激動(dòng)的性質(zhì))
excited 激動(dòng)的（主語(yǔ)因某事或某物而變得激動(dòng)）
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an exciting film/ football match 令人激動(dòng)的電影/足球賽
The excited children were opening their Christmas presents. 激動(dòng)的孩子門(mén)打開(kāi)圣誕禮物。
She is very excited about getting a part in the film. 她在那部電影里得到一個(gè)角色非常激動(dòng)。
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2. used to過(guò)去常常做某事，后接動(dòng)詞原形（used to do sth）
be/get/become used to 習(xí)慣于某事或習(xí)慣于做某事，后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞(be/get/become used to sth./doing sth)
be used to do sth. 被用來(lái)做某事，是use sth to dosth的被動(dòng)形式
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People used to think that the Earth was flat. 過(guò)去人們常常認(rèn)為地球是方的。
I never got used to going to bed so late. 我從來(lái)不習(xí)慣這么晚睡覺(jué)。
I’m used to the noise after living here for so many years.在這里住了多年后已習(xí)慣吵鬧聲。
We used the money to buy a new car.我決定用這筆錢(qián)買一輛新車。
Computers are used to do a lot of work in many companies.在許多公司，計(jì)算機(jī)被用來(lái)做很多工作。
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3. for example例如，后可以接句子；還可以跟在名詞后；
like和such as 如，后接名詞
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Many animals can do nothing but sleep in winter, like frogs and snakes.冬天，許多動(dòng)物冬眠，如青蛙和蛇。
We have planted several flowers, such as roses and lilies.我們已種了幾種花，如玫瑰和百合。
Now not all people go to work in their offices. For example, some young men can stay at home while they work, which is called “SOHO”. 不是所有的人在辦公室工作。如有些年輕人在家工作，被稱為“SOHO”族。
I know many women who have a career and a family---Alice for example.我認(rèn)識(shí)許多女人事業(yè)家庭都不錯(cuò)，如艾麗絲。
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4. at the end of在…末端,可以指時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)；
by the end of 到…末為止 句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)或?qū)?lái)完成時(shí)
in the end 最后，類似的有finally 和at last，但at last強(qiáng)調(diào)費(fèi)勁后終于…
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At the end of August, we are back at school. 不月末，我們回到學(xué)校。
By the end of last month, they had received 100 gold medals.到上個(gè)月末為止，他們已獲得100枚金牌。
By the end of this year, they will have travelled around the world.到今年年末，他們已經(jīng)環(huán)游了世界。
He tried several times to pass the exam, and in the end he succeeded. 為通過(guò)考試他試了幾次，最后成功了。
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5. forget to do sth. 忘記做某事（還未做） forget doing sth. 曾做過(guò)某事，忘了
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Please remember to hand in your homework tomorrow. 請(qǐng)記得明天交作業(yè)。
He remembered locking the door. But he couldn’t find his key. 他記得鎖了門(mén)，但他找不到鑰匙。
He forgot to tell me the news. So I didn’t know. 他忘了告訴我那消息，所以我不知道。
He forgot telling me the news. He told me again. 他忘了告訴我那消息，又講了一遍。
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6. prepare for為…做準(zhǔn)備相當(dāng)于 make preparations for
be prepared for 強(qiáng)調(diào)心理做準(zhǔn)備
for preparation 為準(zhǔn)備，介詞短語(yǔ)
get sth. ready 為…做準(zhǔn)備
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Have you prepared a meal for your parents? 你為你父母準(zhǔn)備過(guò)飯了嗎？
They are making preparations for the Queen’s visit.他們?cè)跒榕实牡絹?lái)做準(zhǔn)備。
Will you help me prepare for the party? 你愿意幫我準(zhǔn)備晚會(huì)嗎？
There are plenty of courses that prepare students for English exams. 有大量為學(xué)生備考英語(yǔ)的課程。
Mother is not prepared to listen to my weak excuses. 媽媽不愿聽(tīng)我的借口。
Before exams, there are always a lot to do for preparation.考試前，總有許多事要準(zhǔn)備。
To welcome the honoured guest, we have got everything ready.為了歡迎尊貴的客人，我們一切都準(zhǔn)備好了。
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重點(diǎn)詞組解析
1. be happy with 對(duì)…滿意
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My boss is never happy with my work.我老板對(duì)我的工作從不滿意。
Most people were happy with their choices at first; soon they felt bored.大多數(shù)人開(kāi)始都滿意自己的選擇，但不久就厭倦了。
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2. become friends 成為朋友 be friends 是朋友; make friends with與…交朋友
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They soon forgot their differences and were friends again. 他們不久就忘了分歧，再次成為朋友。
David finds it hard to make friends with other children. 大衛(wèi)發(fā)覺(jué)很難與別的孩子交朋友。
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3. for free 免費(fèi)
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I got this ticket for free from Tom, who didn’t want it. (for nothing) 我沒(méi)花錢(qián)從湯姆那兒弄到票，他不要。
Children under five usually travel free on trains. 五歲以下的兒童乘車不要錢(qián)。
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4. at assembly 在集會(huì)上
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The headmaster told us all the school rules at assembly. 集會(huì)上校長(zhǎng)告訴了我們所有的校規(guī)。
此短語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有冠詞，再如：at school 在上學(xué)；at work在工作；at lunch在吃午飯等。
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5.think of 想起
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You can’t expect me to think of everything. 你不要指望我每件事都想到。
They are thinking of moving to America. 他們?cè)诳紤]搬到美國(guó)去。
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6. pay attention to 注意
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You must give your full attention to your work. 你必須把你的注意力全放在工作上。
He managed to draw readers’ attention to his works. 他設(shè)法吸引讀者注意他的作品。
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7. next to 緊挨
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Peter sat next to Paul on the sofa. 彼得緊挨著P 做在沙發(fā)上。
Next to skiing her favourite sport is ice-hockey. 他最喜歡滑雪，再就是曲棍球。
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8. be available for 可用的/可得到的
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Tickets are available at the box. 票房能買到票。
You must make yourself personally available for paying the bills.你必須能個(gè)人付這些賬單。
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9.graduate from 從…畢業(yè)
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She graduated from Oxford with a degree in law. 她從牛津大學(xué)畢業(yè)，或法律學(xué)位。
She left school and went to the countryside.她中學(xué)畢業(yè)去鄉(xiāng)下了。
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10.develop an interest in doing sth. 發(fā)展做…的興趣
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類似的短語(yǔ)：be interested in… 對(duì)…感興趣；
feel/have/show/express (an) interest in…對(duì)…感興趣
Now he has grown up, he no longer takes any interest in collecting stamps. 他已長(zhǎng)大，不再對(duì)集郵感興趣。
A good teacher should help children develop an interest in learning instead of making them learn.
一位好老師應(yīng)該幫助學(xué)生發(fā)展學(xué)習(xí)興趣而不是迫使他學(xué)習(xí)。
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11 inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事
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Keep me informed of/ about whatever happens there. 那里不管發(fā)生什么事，讓我知道。
He is well-informed of everybody else’s business. 別人的事他都知道。
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12.be responsible for 對(duì)…負(fù)責(zé)
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All pilots are responsible for their passengers’ safety. 所有的飛行員要對(duì)他們的乘客安全負(fù)責(zé)。
Smoking is responsible for many cases of lung cancer. 抽煙引起肺癌。
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難句解析
1. He also told us the best way to earn respect from the school was to work hard and achieve high grades.他也告訴我從學(xué)校獲得尊敬的最好辦法是認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)和取得高分。
(1)the way to do sth 做某事的方法。不定式做定語(yǔ)；也可以說(shuō)成：the/a way of doing sth
My English teacher has a strange way of making our lessons interesting and lively.
The only way she thought of to get help at that moment was to send signal by firing.
（2）be to do sth不定式做表語(yǔ)
動(dòng)詞不定式用在連系動(dòng)詞后，作表語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的連系動(dòng)詞有be, seem等。作主語(yǔ)的名詞通常是duty, wish, hope, idea, plan, purpose 等。
My wish at the age of 12 was to become a policeman when I grew up.
My job is to help the patient.
It seems to be an interesting book.
2. I found the homework was not as heavy as what I used to get in my old school, but it was a bit challenging for me at first because all the homework was in English. 我發(fā)覺(jué)家庭作業(yè)不像過(guò)去在的學(xué)校那么多，但開(kāi)始對(duì)我有點(diǎn)挑戰(zhàn)，因?yàn)樗械淖鳂I(yè)都是英文的。
(1) as + adj./adv (原級(jí)) + as 否定時(shí)： not as/so + adj./adv (原級(jí)) +
They are as clever as anyone else in their class. They get low marks because they are lazy.
此結(jié)構(gòu)前可以用倍數(shù)或分?jǐn)?shù)
The newly-made car runs twice faster than any old one of its type.
This room is one third as large as yours.
(2) what I used to get in my old school 相當(dāng)于the homework I used to do in my old school，與as構(gòu)成比較狀語(yǔ)。
It’s still as beautiful as what we once saw.
She doesn’t run as fast as she used to.
3. Though it didn’t look like a table when it was finished, I still liked it very much.盡管當(dāng)它完成的時(shí)候不像桌子，我仍然很喜歡它。
Though/Although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，主句不要再用連詞and, but等；但可以用副詞still。
Though/Although there were many more guests at the party, they managed to get enough glasses for all.
Though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，可以倒裝；也可以用as， 但用as必須倒裝。此結(jié)構(gòu)中不用although。
Young though/as he is, he knows a lot.
Child though/as he is, he knows how to deal with the difficult situation.注意：child前不用冠詞。
4. First of all, let me introduce myself to you. 首先，讓我來(lái)向你們自我介紹一下。
祈使句的用法：動(dòng)詞需用原形，常見(jiàn)的有：（1）讓我/我們做…(Let’s/ Let me do…) ；（2）讓對(duì)方做…
Let’s go outing this weekend.
Find a good book to read whenever possible.
Tom, go and get your coat. It’s behind the door. （這不是第三人稱，而是吩咐Tom去做文章）
Don’t leave the light on when there is no one in the room.
Never speak ill of others. (否定句時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)用never)
5. I do like eating desserts after meals as you mentioned in your article.我的確飯后喜歡吃甜點(diǎn)心，正如你文章里提到的。
強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，用do/does/did。
He does come here earlier than anyone else in his class every morning.
He did tell a lie when he was asked where he was that night.
Do be careful while crossing the street.
6. I didn’t realize how different schools in the UK are from schools in China until I read your article. 直到我讀了你文章后才知道英國(guó)的學(xué)校與中國(guó)的有多么的不同。
not …until 直到…才 until引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)/時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。指將來(lái)的事，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。
You won’t find the book interesting until you have covered the first 50 pages.
He didn’t go to bed until 11 o’clock/his mother came back.
7．Upon doing… 的用法
問(wèn)：（1）怎樣理解“Upon finishing his studies, he started travelling in China.”中的“Upon doing sth.”?
答：Upon/On doing sth. 一…就；此句意思：他一完成學(xué)業(yè)，就在中國(guó)旅行。
也可用as soon as ；the moment； immediately等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。即：
As soon as he finished his studies, he started travelling in China.
The moment he finished his studies, he started travelling in China.
Immediately he finished his studies, he started travelling in China.
Upon/On arriving home, my mother started cooking. 媽媽一到家就燒飯。
Upon/On 后也可接名詞，意思不變。
Upon/On her arrival at home, my mother started cooking.
On/Upon hearing the news, she burst into tears. 一聽(tīng)到那個(gè)消息，她就哭起來(lái)。
8．more than, other than, rather than 的區(qū)別
問(wèn)：（2）“Our club is much more than just music.”中 more than是什么意思？
答：我們的俱樂(lè)部遠(yuǎn)不止音樂(lè)。more than …還多；不止
We are more than happy to hear of the success of their team.聽(tīng)到他們對(duì)成功，我們非常高興。
We were excited that the company was more than willing to offer us what we needed.那家公司很樂(lè)意提供我們所需要的，我們很激動(dòng)。
類似的短語(yǔ)如other than和rather than；
other than 常用于否定句中，意思相當(dāng)于except。
There was nothing we could do other than wait.我們除了等待什么也不能做。
You can’t get there other than by boat.你只能乘船去那里。
One can experience four seasons a day in no country other than Britain.一個(gè)人只有在英國(guó)才能一天經(jīng)歷四個(gè)季節(jié)。
rather than 而不是， 后接各種形式的搭配（名詞/動(dòng)詞原形/動(dòng)名詞/從句），但必須并列結(jié)構(gòu)。
Rather than cause trouble, he left. 不愿引起麻煩，他離開(kāi)了。
The job will take months rather than weeks. It’s no easy at all.根本就不容易，這工作要花數(shù)月而不是幾周。
It was what he did rather than what he said that interested me. 是他所做的而不是他所說(shuō)的讓我感興趣。
9．just 用法之一---加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。
問(wèn)：（2）“Our club is much more than just music.”中just是什么用法？
答：just用于加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣；此句中相當(dāng)于only，僅僅；
Answer me, don’t just stand there laughing.回答我，不要只是站在那里笑。(only)
That’s just my luck.我運(yùn)氣總是不好。（exactly）
I’ve never seen anyone run so fast---just watch David.我從沒(méi)看到誰(shuí)跑這么快，看David。
(6) Exercises
Grammar (task-teaching method) (2 periods)
Explanation
定語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)介（Attributive clauses）
在句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句，因其作用相當(dāng)于形容詞，故稱形容詞性從句，即通常所說(shuō)的定語(yǔ)從句。被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的有：
關(guān)系代詞： 先行詞為人：who, whom, that, whose 先行詞為物：which, that, whose
關(guān)系副詞： when, where, why
結(jié)合本單元我們學(xué)習(xí)關(guān)系代詞that, which, who, whom, whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的用法。
I. 關(guān)系代詞 that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系代詞that所引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞既可以是人也可以是物，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能省略，充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以省略。關(guān)系代詞that在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。
Great changes that have never been seen before appear in the countryside.
（that在從句中作主語(yǔ)，指物，可用which代替，不用who，不能省略。因that修飾先行詞 changes，故定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)）
My brother works in a shop that sells CDs. （that在從句中作主語(yǔ)，指物，可用which代替，不用who，不能省略。 因that修飾先行詞 a shop，故定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)用第三人稱單數(shù)）
Is Abby the person that gives advice to readers that have trouble with their life? (此句中含兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句；that在定語(yǔ)從句中都作主語(yǔ)，不省略，可用who代替，不用which。)
The watch that I bought yesterday works well. （that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，指物，可用which代替，不用who，能省略。）
Luckily none of the people that I know were killed in the accident. （that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，指人，可用who或whom，不用which代替，能省略。）
先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)，用that。
We talk about the superstars and their works that are well known in our country.
II. 關(guān)系代詞 which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系代詞which所引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞只能是物，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能省略，充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以省略。關(guān)系代詞which在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。
The earthquake which happened in Tangshan was terrible. (which在定語(yǔ)從句中都作主語(yǔ)，不省略，可用that,不用who。)
The house which they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake. (which在定語(yǔ)從句中都作賓語(yǔ)，可省略，可用that, 不用who。)
III. 關(guān)系代詞 who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系代詞who所引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞只能是人，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能省略，充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以省略。關(guān)系代詞who在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。
I was the only person in my office who was invited to go to the palace ball. （who在從句中作主語(yǔ)，指人，可用that代替，不用which，不能省略。）
Don’t you have a friend who might give you a hand?
IV. 關(guān)系代詞 whom引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系代詞whom所引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞只能是人，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，可以用who/that代替，也可以省略。
Don’t you have a friend whom/who/that/- you might turn to when you have trouble any time?
V. 關(guān)系代詞 whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系代詞whose所引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞既可以是人也可以是物，在句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)，后面緊跟名詞。
Please pass me the book whose cover is red.（指物）
The lawyer whose name is Wang Jin lives in Nanjing.（指人）
that, which, who, whom, whose 的特殊用法
I. 關(guān)系代詞that與which；that與who的一些特殊用法：
指物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞that和which一般情況下可換用，但以下幾種情況下一般用that，不用which：
1） 先行詞是all, everything, something, anything, nothing, none, few, little, much等不定代詞；或是先行詞被all, every, some, any, no, few, little等修飾時(shí)：
Is there anything (that) I can do for you in town?
I have read all the books (that) you gave me.
注：當(dāng)something確指某物或某事時(shí)，用that或which都可以，如：
There is something that/which keeps worrying me. “有一件事一直令我不安。”
2) 先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或有序數(shù)詞the first, the second…, the last修飾時(shí)：
This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.
The first place (that) we’ll visit is the Great Wall.
3) 先行詞被the only，the very修飾時(shí)：
The only thing that matters is to find our way home.
This is the very book (that) I’ve been looking for.
4) 先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)：
They talked about the persons and things (that) they remembered in the school.
5) 當(dāng)主句是由who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊問(wèn)句時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)，定語(yǔ)從句中常用that：
Who is the man that is standing by the door?
Which is the dictionary (that) you bought yesterday?
當(dāng)先行詞是anyone, those, he, she等代詞表“人”時(shí)，一般用who而不用that：
Anyone who wants a ticket please sign your name here.
Those who want to go to the English party must be at the school gate by 7:30 p.m.
He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用that而不用who：
He is no longer the man that he used to be.
II. 關(guān)系代詞whose的特殊用法（只用作定語(yǔ), 若指物，它還可以同of which互換, of which可置于其所修飾的名詞前或后; 若指人, 可以同of whom互換）。例如：
Please pass me the book whose cover is green.（指物）
=Please pass me the book the cover of which(of which the cover) is green.
The doctor, whose name was Johnson, lived in a small town in the north of England.（指人）
=The doctor, the name of whom was Johnson, lived in a small town in the north of England.
III. 介詞 + which/whom引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
1) 介詞 + which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句， 此結(jié)構(gòu)中，不能用that。which不能省略。介詞的選用可根據(jù)從句中的相關(guān)詞組確定，該介詞通常可以放在關(guān)系代詞之前，也可放在從句之尾，這時(shí)可用that/which引導(dǎo)從句，也可省略。
The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.
The room that/which/- there is a machine in is a workshop.
但遇固定詞組時(shí)，介詞一般緊跟詞組主體，不作前置。如：
Is this the book (which/that) you are looking for? ( 這里介詞for不提前，因?yàn)閘ook for是固定詞組，意為“尋找”，介詞for若被提前，單個(gè)的look意為“看”，句意不符。)
2) 介詞 + whom引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，此結(jié)構(gòu)中，不能用that也不用who。whom不能省略。
The man with whom my English teacher shook hands was from Harvard University.
介詞的選用可根據(jù)從句中的相關(guān)詞組確定，該介詞通常可以放在關(guān)系代詞之前，也可放在從句之尾。例如：
The man who/whom/that/- my English teacher shook hands with was from Harvard University.
鞏固練習(xí)
定語(yǔ)從句典型題分析
高考題
1. All ____ is needed is a supply of oil. ( NMET89 )
A. the thing B. that C. what D. which
2.He paid the boys $10 for washing ten windows, most of ____ hadn’t been cleaned for at
least a year. ( NMET90 )
A. these B. those C. that D. which
3.In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____ she could turn for help. ( NMET92 )
A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
4.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ____, of course, made the
others unhappy. ( 2000 )
A .who B. which C. this D. what
易混題
５．①John is the only one of the students who ____ French．
②John is one of the students who ____ French．
A．know B．knows C．knowing D．known
６．①This is the knife ____ I usually cut my pencil．
②This is the knife ____ I usually use to cut my pencil．
A．with which B．which C．by which D．with that
7．①Who lives in the house ____ windows face south？
② Who lives in the house ____ the windows face south？
A．whose B．which C．of which D．that
8．①Is this factory ____ you visited last year？
②Is this the factory ____ you visited last year？
A．that B．of which C．the one D．where
9．①When I have trouble，he is the only one ____I can ask for help．
②When I have trouble，he is the only one ____ I can go for help．
A．whom B．to whom C．which D．to who
10．①The reason ____ he gave us was that his car broke down on the way．
②The reason ____he was late was that his car broke down on the way．
A．for which B．which C．how D．what
Unit 1語(yǔ)法專練
I. 單項(xiàng)選擇
1. You’d better not drink water _____ has not been boiled.
A. which B. whom C. whose D. who
2. The director and his movie ___ you have just talked about are really popular.
A. who B. which C. that D. of whom
3. He regrets buying the dog ______ was very old and died the next month.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
4. This is the house _______ my father bought on a rainy evening.
A. which B. that C. / D. all of the above
5. She is my former classmate _______ handwriting is very good.
A. whom B. whose C. of whom D. which
6. Is the girl your friend _______ you shook hands just now?
A. which B. that C. to whom D. with whom
7. In fact the Sweden did not understand the three questions ____ were asked in French.
A. where B. who C. which D. what
8. Didn't you see the man ________ I nodded to just now?
A. which B. whom C. whose D. to which
9. I can't find the gold ring _______ I spent 100 dollars.
A. that B. on which C. which D. in which
10. The radio set ____ I bought last week has gone wrong.
A. / B. for which C. over which D. what
II. 改寫(xiě)同義句
1. Wei Fang is the student and her home caught fire last night.
Wei Fang is the student_______________ caught fire last night.
2. This is the book .He is looking for it.
This is the book_______________.
3. He built a telescope that he could study the skies through.
He built a telescope _____________ he could study the skies.
4. The roof of the house was broken and has now been repaired.
The house ____________ was broken has now been repaired.
5. The person I spoke to just now is our schoolmaster．
The person ____________ I spoke just now is our schoolmaster.
III. 單句改錯(cuò)
1. Mr Green is always working hard should get a rise.
2. I, who is your good friend, will try my best to help you.
3. It was a meeting that importance I didn’t realize at that time.
4. Children eat a lot of sweets or chocolate often have bad teeth.
5. Is this the horse that you spent five hours drawing it yesterday?
6. The students who has finished the exercises may leave the classroom now.
7. My glasses, with which I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.
8. They talked for about an hour of persons which they remembered in the school.
9. The boss whose department Ms King worked in ten years ago look down upon women.
10. Chaplin, for who money was now no problem, started a new film company with his friends.
Self-assessment (1 period)
鞏固練習(xí)
詞匯專練
I. 根據(jù)中文和首字母填空 (20題)
1. There was nothing special about the film---it was only __________（普通）.
2. Looking after a baby is as _________ （挑戰(zhàn)）as working on a new job, do you think so?
3. I’m going to work ______（額外）hard this term.
4. To carry out the new plan would ________（需要）increasing our staff by 50 %.
5. From small beginning, it has __________（發(fā)展）into a big international company.
6. I u__________ to play computer games a lot, but now I never get the time.
7. The e________ expression on his face showed he had won the game.
8. Please keep me i___________ of any developments in your area.
9. The room c__________ an area of 20 square metres.
10. We have done a lot, and will do even more for the 2008 Olympic Games for p____________.
11. Going to a foreign high school for some time is very ________（開(kāi)心） and exciting.
12. Almost no high school students are ___________ （滿意）with the school hours in China.
13. I know from my own ____________（經(jīng)歷） how difficult this kind of work can be.
14. I felt lucky as all my teachers were very ___________ （有助）and I enjoyed all my subjects.
15. Sometimes I played football with the boys. Sometimes I just ________ （放松）under a tree or sat on the grass.
16. George Bush was invited to a__________ the APEC held in Shanghai.
17. My English i_________ a lot as I used English every day and spent an hour each day reading English books in the library.
18. The paintings that David d__________ to the school are being displayed in the assembly hall.
19. Though it didn’t look l________ a table when it was finished, I still liked it very much.
20. British people eat lots of desserts after their m_________ meal.
II. 用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 (10題)
從所給的詞匯中選出一個(gè)你認(rèn)為合適的填入空格內(nèi)，注意：詞形可能需要變化。
attend, earn, experience, drop, develop, cover, regret, inform, run, host, approve, require
1. The wind blew from the desert and _________ everything with sand.
2. He is busy ___________ the radio club of our school.
3. “I have done all that is ___________by law.” he shouted.
4. The place has ___________from a fishing port into a tourist centre.
5. They had a quiet wedding---only a few friends _________ it.
6. ---Some money is missing. ---Have you __________ the police?
7. She __________ her living by singing in a nightclub.
8. She doesn’t want to take her new boy friend home in case her parents don’t __________of him.
9. One can _____________pleasure, pain, difficulty and all kinds of feelings.
10. If you give it up now, you’ll__________.
III. 詞語(yǔ)辨析 (10題)
請(qǐng)從所給答案中選擇正確的
1.The most famous ____________ park in the world is Disneyland.( exciting /excited)
2. After three weeks, she got used to________ in the desert. ( live /living)
3. A hammer is used to _______ nails. (drive / driving)
4. Life here is much easier than it__________. ( used to be / was used to be)
5. I’ll never forget _________ my daughter dancing in public for the first time. (seeing / to see)
6. ---Don’t forget_________ your homework here tomorrow. ---No, I won’t. ( bring /to bring)
7. My flat is __________ the street. It’s ten minutes’ ride. ( by the end of/ at the end of)
8. He tried many kinds of work; ________ he became a postman.( by the end /in the end)
9. I knew there were problems, but I was not __________for it. (prepared /preparing)
10. He is ___________ his daughter for the Oral English Competition by. (prepared / preparing)
單元基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練(1)
I．根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容填空 （1 篇短文10 空）
Next week I’ll go back to China.
I have experienced a different way of life in a high school in Manchester for a year. Here school hours are much_________. All lessons are in English. Luckily, my teachers are all________. All students have to study Maths, English and Science, but can _______ some subjects if they don’t like them. They can _________ other subjects. It was _______ that we learned to cook. At the class_______ we all had to cook something. I made a big cake. In _________ class I made a table. It didn’t look like a table at all. However, for a student, the best way to earn ________from the school was ___________ hard and achieve high ________. This sounded like schools in China.
II．單項(xiàng)選擇（10 題）
1. When you are in a foreign country, you may miss ______ Chinese food a lot. As a result, you hope to have ______ big supper after a tiring day.
A. /; a B. a; a C. /; / D. a; /
2. At Christmas we needn’t go to school. We could get up later ______.
A. as common B. than common C. as usual D. than usual
3. _____ the first day all students gathered on the playground. We learned a lot about the school.
A. On B. In C. At D. During
4. Miss Burke was the teacher ______ taught us English Literature.
A. she B. who C. whose D. which
5. ______ for some time after a tiring day is very enjoyable and exciting for me in summer.
A. Swim B. Swimming C. Go swimming D. To swim
6. It’s really enjoyable to stay here in China. All my new friends are __________.
A. help B. helpless C. helpful D. of little help
7. Last month I came to Britain. My English has improved a lot _____ I use it anytime.
A. since B. while C. when D. as
8. You say my English has improved. You don’t know how many hours I have spent ______ English books in the school library _________ progress.
A. read B. read C. reading; to make D. to read
9. Children in Britain don’t have as ________ homework as children in China, but theirs is always a little bit ________.
A. heavy; easy B. many; difficult
C. much; heavy D. heavy; challenging
10. Though he was trained for three months, _______ he didn’t pass the exam.
A. but B. and C. still D. so
III．根據(jù)中文意思完成下列句子（5 題）
1.If you are not satisfied with the bike you bought here last week, we’ll be ______________ (非常樂(lè)意) to return your money.
2. __________________, she burst into tears.
3. He likes the birthday presents ________________ (他父母買給他的).
4. Most of his students _________________________ (已成為他的朋友).
5. ___________________________________________ (無(wú)論學(xué)生想要鍛煉還是只要快樂(lè)), they can use our gym.
IV．課文拓展練習(xí)（完形填空 1 篇）
Children start school when they are five years old in America. In some states they must stay in school 11 they are sixteen. Most students are seventeen or eighteen years old when they __12_ high school. There are 13 kinds of school in America: public schools and private (私立的）schools. Most children go to 14 schools. Their parents do not have to pay for their 15 , because the schools receive money from the country. If a child goes to a private school, his parents have to get 16_ money for his schooling. Some parents still prefer private schools, though they are much 17 .
Kids have less _18_ time. They spend more hours in school. They take 19_ in organized activities such as soccer and ballet(芭蕾舞). They spend a quarter of their free time watching TV. If they are spending less time in front of the TV set, __20__, kids aren’t replacing it with reading. All work and no play could be very __21__ for kids.
Today about half of the high school students go on to 22 after they finish the high school. A student at a state university doesn’t have to pay very much if his parents live in that __23 .
But many students __24 while they are studying at universities. In this way they _25__ their good working skills(技能) and live on their own.
11. A. until B. when C. before D. after
12. A. study B. attend C. graduate D. leave
13. A. three B. two C. some D. many
14. A. both B. private C. public D. no
15. A. school B. tips C. education D. food
16. A. less B. enough C. too much D. a number of
17. A. more expensive B. modern C. better D. cheaper
18. A. free B. school C. work D. wonderful
19. A. care B. notes C. away D. part
20. A. but B. and C. however D. so
21. A. bad B. good C. lucky D. important
22. A. work B. their homes C. foreign countries D. universities
23. A. university B. state C. country D. U.S.A.
24. A. look for work B. travel C. work D. write
25. A. develop B. raise C. rise D. increase
詞組專練
I．單項(xiàng)選擇 （10 題）
1. To his mother’s joy, the little boy _________ an interest in drawing horses when he was at kindergarten.
A. found B. got C. learned D. developed.
2. In many small restaurants people are served rice _______ while the dishes cost a lot.
A. for free B. freely C. in free D. by freely
3. She’s just _________ from the School of Cookery.
A. graduating B. graduated C. leaving D. left
4. You’d better _________ what I am doing, or you’ll have difficulty with your homework
A. listen to B. see C. learn D. pay attention to
5. His father was kept _______ of any news from him when he was in the army.
A. receiving B. telling C. informed D. given
6. When their enemies are strong, they try their best to _________them. When their enemies are weak, they fight against them. It’s surprising!
A. become friends with B. make friend with C. be friendly with D. get friends from
7. Birmingham is the largest city in Britain ________ London.
A. near B. nearby C. next to D. beside
8. Over ten science labs are ______ for different experiments. We are really happy with it.
A. available B. useful C. good D. easy
9. There are so many things to _________ before we decide.
A. think up B. think of C. look up D. look for
10. He was drunk. He was not able to be __________ for his actions.
A. regretful B. punished C. sad D. responsible
II．短文填空（共8小題；）
從所給的詞匯中選出一個(gè)你認(rèn)為合適的填入空格內(nèi)，注意：詞形可能需要變化。
happy graduate responsible pay think of available develop inform
I have been an assistant manager since I _______________ from college last summer. I am __________ for all the Nike shoes which are sold in our city. Every morning I __________ attention to everything, even the smallest things. I make every effort to please my customers. Many of my customers have become my friends. Last Spring Festival(春節(jié)), a little boy came to buy shoes. Unluckily, there were no shoes _______________ in his size. I told him I would _____________ him as soon as I got his size. My boss is always very __________ with my work. In fact, the work is hard, and I always ___________ the beautiful days I spent at school. In my spare time, I have _______________ an interest in making toys with all kinds of used materials.
Unit 1句型專練
I．句型轉(zhuǎn)換 （5 題）
1.--- He doesn’t care for TV plays. ---Right, but he really watches the programme every evening.
---He doesn’t care for TV plays. ---Right, but he _________ __________ the programme every evening.
2. Our chemistry teacher taught us how to do the experiment. I knew how to do it.
I ______ _______ how to do the experiment _______ our chemistry teacher taught us how to do the experiment.
3. It was raining hard, but they were playing happily outside.
_______ it was raining hard, they were playing happily outside.
4. West Lake in Hangzhou is beautiful. Xuanwu Lake in Nanjing is as beautiful.
West Lake in Hangzhou is ______ ___________ _______ ________ ______ Xuanwu Lake in Nanjing.
5. Beckham wishes to travel to the moon after he leaves the football field.
Beckham’s wish is ______ _______ to the moon after he leaves the football field.
II． 根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)完成下列各句（5 題）
1. We won’t start _________________________(直到Bob 回來(lái)).
2._____________________________(盡管他很努力), there was never enough money to pay the bills.
3. Every one of you, __________________ (忘掉假日)! We must finish the work before the weekend.
4. Teaching is ___________________ (一樣是藝術(shù)) science.
5. As early as his second film, Chaplin had developed his own acting, which was ___________________________ (后來(lái)出名) all over the world.
III．找出錯(cuò)誤并改正（10 題）
1. His wish is become a great artist. He works harder than anyone else in his class.
2. That he wants is always better than what he has.
3. The way he thought of get the chance was practical.
4. Though there is too much noise outside, but he is interested in his books.
5. First of the all, I’ll finish my homework.
6. Every morning my father does goes to work early.
7. I had no idea of what he meant unless he explained to me a second time.
8. Upon arrive at his office, he started work at once.
9. Einstein was no more than a scientist. He spent much time for human rights.
10. Now most students in China study in bright classrooms which windows are big enough.
語(yǔ)法專練
單項(xiàng)選擇 （15 題）
1. Suddenly she saw a wall of water _______ was quickly advancing towards her and she cried.
A. who B. whom C. that D. what
2. Jeff was standing, holding onto a tree ______ grew against the wall.
A. and B. it C. who D. which
3. Many people ________ saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the film.
A. / B. which C. whom D. who
4. Flora ___________ beautiful hair and dress were all cold and wet started crying, but no help came.
A. whose B. whom C. who D. that
5.The garden _______ was once so beautiful was completely destroyed, swept away by the wild water.
A. what B. which C. / D. how
6.The man __________ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.
A. that B. who C. whom D. whose
7. My parents live in village _________ is 50 miles east of London.
A. which B. where C. / D. how
8.Abby took a photo of a monkey ________ was sitting on my head.
A. whose B. that C. / D. what
9. His film, Jaws, is about a big white shark _______that attacks swimmers _______ are spending their holidays in a small village by the shark.
A. who; that B. who; who C. that; who D. that; which
10. Now, the water ________ was cold as ice and flowed faster than a river was above mom’s knees.
A. / B. which C. what D. why
11.---Do you have any experience ________ is unforgettable? ---Too much.
A. / B. what C. nothing D. that
12. People _________ study earthquakes think that there will be another big one soon.
A. whom B. / C. who D. which
13.The people ________ the soldiers have saved are still in danger.
A. whom B. which C. them D. they
14. Do you know the name of the farmer _________ discovered the tomb of Qin Shi Huang?
A. which B. / C. who D. he
15. A wide and busy road __________ was built like a bridge over another road fell onto the one below.
A. what B. which C. / D. where
定語(yǔ)從句答案
高考題易混題1-4 DAAB 5。BA 6。AB 7。AC 8。CA 9。AB 10。BA
Unit 1語(yǔ)法專練
I. 單項(xiàng)選擇
1-5ACDDB 6-10DCBBA.
II.改寫(xiě)同義句
1.whose home 2.(that/which)he is looking for 3.through which 4.whose roof 5.to whom
III.單句改錯(cuò)
1.who is always… 2.who am your… 3.a meeting whose importance… 4.Chilrden who/that eat…
5.去掉it 6.who have finished…7.without which was like… 8.(who/that/whom)they remembered… 9….looks down upon… 10…., for whom money…
Self-assessment(1st period)
鞏固練習(xí)
詞匯專練
I. 根據(jù)中文和首字母填空 (20題)
1.average 2.challenging 3.extra 4.require 5.developed 6.used 7.excited 8.informed 9.covers 10.preparation 11.enjoyable 12.happy 13.experience 14.helpful 15.relaxed 16.attend 17.improved 18.donated 19.like 20.main
II.
1.covered 2.running 3.required 4.developed 5.attended 6.informed 7.earned 8.approve 9.experience 10.regret
III.
1.exciting 2.living 3.drive 4.used to be 5.seeing 6.bring 7.at the end of 8.in the end 9.prepared 10.preparing
單元基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練(1)
I．根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容填空 （1 篇短文10 空）
shorter helpful drop choose fun party woodwork respect to work grades
II. 1-5 ADABB 6-10 CDCDC
III.
1.more than happy 2.On hearing the news 3.his parents bought him 4.have become his friends 5.Whether students want exercise or just want some fun
IV.
11-15ADBCC 16-20BAADC 21-25ADBCA
詞組專練
I．單項(xiàng)選擇 （10 題）
1-5 DABDC 6-10ACABD
II.
1.graduated 2.responsible 3.pay 4.available 5.inform 6.happy 7.think of 8.developed
Unit 1句型專練
I．句型轉(zhuǎn)換 （5 題）
1. does watch 2. didn’t know until 3.Though 4. as beautiful a lake as 5.to travel
II.
1. until Bob comes back 2.Though he was hardworking 3.forget the holiday 4.as much an art as 5.later to become famous
III.
1.…is to become… 2.What he wants… 3.thought of to get… 4.去掉but 5.First of all 6….does go to work… 7.meant until he … 8.Upon arriving… 9.was more than… 10.whose windows…
語(yǔ)法專練
單項(xiàng)選擇(15題)
1-5CDDAB 6-10DABCB 11-15DCACB