Unit 1 Making a difference
同步教學
一、重點單詞與詞組
1．undertake vt. & vi. (undertook, undertaken)
（1）著手工作[start on (work)]，擔任職位（take up a position）.
He undertook a revolutionary task then.
他當時從事一項革命工作.（undertake. sth.）
He undertook a journey.
他準備旅行。（undertake sth.）
（2）承擔；接受；同意；保證
We should undertake the responsibility for changes.
我們應該承擔起改革的責任。（承擔）
He undertook to be our guide.
他同意做我們的向導。（undertake to be …同意）
（相當于promise /agree）
He undertook to improve the working arrangements.
他答應改善工作方式。
（undertake to do sth.相當于promise /agree to do sth.）
I will undertake that all the cattle will grow well.
我保證所有的牲畜都能長得好。（undertake that…保證…）
2． curious adj.
（1）好奇的；好求知的（eager to know /learn）.
A good student should always be curious to learn.
好學生應有求知欲。（be curious to do sth）
（2）好管閑事的，愛打聽隱私的（having /showing too much interest in other people's affairs）
He was so curious to know what was in the letter that he opened it; even though it was addressed to his father.
雖然，信是寄給他父親收的，但他對信的內容十分好奇，就把它折開看了。（be curious to do sth）
（3）古怪的；奇怪的；奇特的；不尋常的（strange, unusual）
This is a curious piece of 19th century art.
這是一部稀罕的十九世紀藝術品。
派生詞：curiously adv.
Curiously (enough), he seemed to know that already.
真奇怪，那件事他好像知道了。
3． branch n.（學科）分科；樹枝；支流；支線；分支機構
Some birds settled on the branches of a big tree.
一些鳥棲息在一棵大樹的枝頭上。（樹枝）
The Han River is a branch of the Changjiang River.
漢水是長江的支流。（支流）
You can find a branch road /railway in front of you.
你可在眼前發現一個道路/鐵路支線。（支線）
Physics is a branch of science.
物理學是一門科學。（分科）
Our business has branches in many cities.
我們在許多城市設有分店。（分支機構）
He comes from a branch of our family that settled in America.
他來自我們定居美國的家族的一支。（分支）
相關搭配：
a Party branch 黨支部
a League branch團支部
a general Party branch黨總支
a branch office分局；分店
4． debate n. 辯論；爭論
vt. 與……辯論；爭論
vi.辯論；爭論；參加辯論
There will be a long debate before the new law is passed.
新法令通過以前要先作一次長的辯論。（n.）
I debated upon /about the question with Mary.
我跟瑪麗辯論這個問題。（v.）
與upon /about 連用，構成詞組：
debate upon /about sth with sb或debate with sb upon /about sth.
與某人辯論某問題
They debated the question at the meeting yesterday.
昨天他們在會議上辯論了這個問題。（vt.）
另外，此詞也可指心理的思想的斗爭，可作“考慮，思考”講，如：
I debated the idea in my mind until I fell asleep.
我入睡前心中一再思考這個問題。
派生詞：debater n.好爭辯者；精于爭辯者
5． work on
（1）繼續工作 例如：
They have been working on the problem these five years.
這五年來他們一直致力于解決這個問題。
（2）對……做工作，對……施加影響例如：
Work on your father until he agrees.
做做你父親的工作，直到他同意為止。
（3）影響
A child's tears always work on his mother's feeling.
孩子的眼淚總是影響其母親的情緒。
6． research vt. & vi.調查、研究、探索（into, on）
They researched on /into the effects of cigarette smoking.
他們研究了抽煙的影響。（research on /into sth. vi.）
We are researching a subject.
我們正在研究一個專題。（research sth. vt.）
This book has been very well researched.
這本書的研究做得很深入。（vt.）
n.（1）研究，探討（[ U ]）
They will do some research on disease of the blood.
他們將研究血液疾病。（do research on /into sth.）
They are working on a piece of research.
他們正從事一項研究。
（2）一項研究成果（[ C ]）
They carried out a research into the causes of brain damage.
他們進行了腦傷原因的研究。
My researches were directed towards finding a cure for headaches.
我的研究目標是治頭疼的方法。
7． seek vt. & vi.(sought, sought) 尋找，探索，追求（after, for）
We sought after the truth in the matter.
我們尋找事情的真相。（seek after sth.. vi.）
They were seeking among his untidy papers for the right one.
他們正在雜亂的文件堆中找尋著要的那一份。（seek…for… vi）
You could seek shelter from the rain.
你能尋找避雨之所。（seek sth vt.）
You should seek advice from your lawyer on this matter.
這件事情你應該請教你的律師。（請求，要求）
They sought to punish him for his crime but he escaped.
他們試圖將他治罪，但他逃走了。（嘗試，試圖，try）
其它用法：
（1）自然地移往（to move naturally towards）
Water seeks its own level.
水自然往下流。
The compass pointer always seeks the north.
羅盤的指針總是指向北方。
（2）not far to seek不難了解的；淺近的（easily seen /understood; at hand）
The reason for his failure was not far to seek, he was ill during the examination.
他不及格的原因不難理解，他在考試時病了。
8． observe vt.觀察，看到，注意到（see and notice; watch carefully）
She has observed the stars all her life.
她一生觀察星體。
They observed the thief stealing /steal the money.
他們看見這個小偷偷了錢。（observe sb do /doing sth.）
二、重難點句子
1． Scientists, on the other hand, Hawking writes, know that their job is never finished and that even the best theory can turn out to be wrong.
霍金寫道，從另一個方面說，科學家知道他們的工作永遠是無止境的，即使是最好的理論也可能被證明是錯誤的。
（1）on the other hand 與Hawking writes 均為本句的插語，原句應為：
Hawking writes scientists, on the other hand, know that…, scientists know that…是writes 的整個賓語主句，that their job… 則又是賓語從句中的謂語動詞 knows 所引導的另一個賓語從句。
（2）…and that even the best theory can turn out to be wrong 是writes 引導的賓語從句中謂語動詞know引導的第二個并列賓語從句。在英語中，賓語從句的引導詞that可以被省略，但如果一個動詞引導兩個以上并列的賓語從句時，第二個及以后的賓語從句中的that不可省略。例如：
He said that he would come back soon and that he would continue to learn drawing.
他說他馬上就會回來的，而且會繼續學習繪畫的。
（3）turn out“結果（是）；證明（是）；原來（是）”（to happen to be in the end）往往指結果與所預想的或表面上的不一致。例如：
His answer turned out to be wrong.
他的答案被證明是錯誤的。（turn out to be…）
The party turned out a success.
聚會很成功。（turn out sth）
He turned out to live in Hastings.
原來他住在黑斯廷斯。（turn out to do）
It's turned out nice and sunny again.
（天氣）終于又是陽光普照了。
2． By asking why, how and what if, curious mind find new ideas and solutions.
通過不停地問自已為什么，如何運作和盤根究底的假設，這個求知的人終于找到新的主意及方法了。
what if倘使…將會怎樣；即使…又有什么要緊。
例如：
What if we move the picture over here? Do you think it'll look better?
把畫移到這兒會怎樣？你看會不會好看一點？
What if you should fail?
假如你失敗了，該怎么辦呢？
What if he fails?
如果他失敗又有什么關系？