【教學(xué)目標(biāo)】
1. 談?wù)摽茖W(xué)和科學(xué)家（talk about science and scientists）
2. 練習(xí)描寫人物并展開辯論(Practice describing people and debating)
3. 進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)詞不定式（Learn more about the infinitive）
【單元內(nèi)容概述】
本單元的中心話題是 “科學(xué)家”， 具體涉及科學(xué)家的名言、軼事、科學(xué)家的成功之道、如何向科學(xué)家學(xué)習(xí)等。 語(yǔ)言技能和語(yǔ)言知識(shí)幾乎都圍繞介紹 “科學(xué)家” 這一中心話題設(shè)計(jì)的。
1. 單詞
undertake analysis obvious within agriculture gravity curious branch debate scan boundary graduate resaech weelchair disable theory seek misunderstand scientific observe match predict unhappiness crime astronomer microscope telescope heaven intelligent patient experiment
2. 詞組
work on go by go on with dream of turn out use up be satisfied with take a look at what if the other way round
3. 功能英語(yǔ)
1） 描述人物 （Describing people）
The scientist is curious and careful.
He is also intelligent and patient.
… you are twenty-one years old and a promising graduated student…
2） 辯論 （Debating）
I think biology is the most important and useful science because…
That’s correct. That’s true
It’s clear that… I doubt that…
It’s hard to say. Well, maybe, but…
There’s no doult that… What’s your idea?
Have you thought about…?
4. 語(yǔ)法
動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)：
To obey the law is everyone’s duty. (作主語(yǔ))
Scientists try to describe and explain what we see. (作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ))
That will be the only thing to do now. (作定語(yǔ))
Learn from the past mistakes to avoid the future ones. (作狀語(yǔ),表示目的)
We were surprised to find him there. (作狀語(yǔ),表示原因)
重、難點(diǎn)知識(shí)講解
一. 重點(diǎn)單詞與詞組
1．undertake vt. & vi. (undertook, undertaken)
（1）著手工作[start on (work)]，擔(dān)任職位（take up a position）.
He undertook a revolutionary task then.
他當(dāng)時(shí)從事一項(xiàng)革命工作.（undertake. sth.）
He undertook a journey.
他準(zhǔn)備旅行。
（2）承擔(dān)；接受；同意；保證
We should undertake the responsibility for changes.
我們應(yīng)該承擔(dān)起改革的責(zé)任。（承擔(dān)）
He undertook to be our guide.
他同意做我們的向?qū)А＃╱ndertake to be …同意）
（相當(dāng)于promise /agree）
He undertook to improve the working arrangements.
他答應(yīng)改善工作方式。
（undertake to do sth.相當(dāng)于promise /agree to do sth.）
I will undertake that all the cattle will grow well.
我保證所有的牲畜都能長(zhǎng)得好。（undertake that…保證…）
2． curious adj.
（1）好奇的；好求知的（eager to know /learn）.
A good student should always be curious to learn.
好學(xué)生應(yīng)有求知欲。（be curious to do sth）
（2）好管閑事的，愛打聽隱私的（having /showing too much interest in other people's affairs）
He was so curious to know what was in the letter that he opened it; even though it was addressed to his father.
雖然，信是寄給他父親收的，但他對(duì)信的內(nèi)容十分好奇，就把它折開看了。（be curious to do sth）
（3）古怪的；奇怪的；奇特的；不尋常的（strange, unusual）
This is a curious piece of 19th century art.
這是一部稀罕的十九世紀(jì)藝術(shù)品。
派生詞：curiously adv.
Curiously (enough), he seemed to know that already.
真奇怪，那件事他好像知道了。
3． branch n.（學(xué)科）分科；樹枝；支流；支線；分支機(jī)構(gòu)
Some birds settled on the branches of a big tree.
一些鳥棲息在一棵大樹的枝頭上。（樹枝）
The Han River is a branch of the Changjiang River.
漢水是長(zhǎng)江的支流。（支流）
You can find a branch road /railway in front of you.
你可在眼前發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)道路/鐵路支線。（支線）
Physics is a branch of science.
物理學(xué)是一門科學(xué)。（分科）
Our business has branches in many cities.
我們?cè)谠S多城市設(shè)有分店。（分支機(jī)構(gòu)）
He comes from a branch of our family that settled in America.
他來自我們定居美國(guó)的家族的一支。（分支）
相關(guān)搭配：
a Party branch 黨支部
a League branch團(tuán)支部
a general Party branch黨總支
a branch office分局；分店
4． debate n. 辯論；爭(zhēng)論
vt. 與……辯論；爭(zhēng)論
vi.辯論；爭(zhēng)論；參加辯論
There will be a long debate before the new law is passed.
新法令通過以前要先作一次長(zhǎng)的辯論。（n.）
I debated upon /about the question with Mary.
我跟瑪麗辯論這個(gè)問題。（v.）
與upon /about 連用，構(gòu)成詞組：
debate upon /about sth with sb或debate with sb upon /about sth.
與某人辯論某問題
They debated the question at the meeting yesterday.
昨天他們?cè)跁?huì)議上辯論了這個(gè)問題。（vt.）
另外，此詞也可指心理的思想的斗爭(zhēng)，可作“考慮，思考”講，如：
I debated the idea in my mind until I fell asleep.
我入睡前心中一再思考這個(gè)問題。
派生詞：debater n.好爭(zhēng)辯者；精于爭(zhēng)辯者
5． work on
（1）繼續(xù)工作 例如：
They have been working on the problem these five years.
這五年來他們一直致力于解決這個(gè)問題。
（2）對(duì)……做工作，對(duì)……施加影響例如：
Work on your father until he agrees.
做做你父親的工作，直到他同意為止。
（3）影響
A child's tears always work on his mother's feeling.
孩子的眼淚總是影響其母親的情緒。
6． research vt. & vi.調(diào)查、研究、探索（into, on）
They researched on /into the effects of cigarette smoking.
他們研究了抽煙的影響。（research on /into sth. vi.）
We are researching a subject.
我們正在研究一個(gè)專題。（research sth. vt.）
This book has been very well researched.
這本書的研究做得很深入。（vt.）
n.（1）研究，探討（[ U ]）
They will do some research on disease of the blood.
他們將研究血液疾病。（do research on /into sth.）
They are working on a piece of research.
他們正從事一項(xiàng)研究。
（2）一項(xiàng)研究成果（[ C ]）
They carried out a research into the causes of brain damage.
他們進(jìn)行了腦傷原因的研究。
My researches were directed towards finding a cure for headaches.
我的研究目標(biāo)是治頭疼的方法。
7． seek vt. & vi.(sought, sought) 尋找，探索，追求（after, for）
We sought after the truth in the matter.
我們尋找事情的真相。（seek after sth.. vi.）
They were seeking among his untidy papers for the right one.
他們正在雜亂的文件堆中找尋著要的那一份。（seek…for… vi）
You could seek shelter from the rain.
你能尋找避雨之所。（seek sth vt.）
You should seek advice from your lawyer on this matter.
這件事情你應(yīng)該請(qǐng)教你的律師。（請(qǐng)求，要求）
They sought to punish him for his crime but he escaped.
他們?cè)噲D將他治罪，但他逃走了。（嘗試，試圖，try）
其它用法：
（1）自然地移往（to move naturally towards）
Water seeks its own level.
水自然往下流。
The compass pointer always seeks the north.
羅盤的指針總是指向北方。
（2）not far to seek不難了解的；淺近的（easily seen /understood; at hand）
The reason for his failure was not far to seek, he was ill during the examination.
他不及格的原因不難理解，他在考試時(shí)病了。
8． observe vt.觀察，看到，注意到（see and notice; watch carefully）
She has observed the stars all her life.
她一生觀察星體。
They observed the thief stealing /steal the money.
他們看見這個(gè)小偷偷了錢。（observe sb do /doing sth.）
二、重難點(diǎn)句子
1． Scientists, on the other hand, Hawking writes, know that their job is never finished and that even the best theory can turn out to be wrong.
霍金寫道，從另一個(gè)方面說，科學(xué)家知道他們的工作永遠(yuǎn)是無(wú)止境的，即使是最好的理論也可能被證明是錯(cuò)誤的。
（1）on the other hand 與Hawking writes 均為本句的插語(yǔ)，原句應(yīng)為：
Hawking writes scientists, on the other hand, know that…, scientists know that…是writes 的整個(gè)賓語(yǔ)主句，that their job… 則又是賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 knows 所引導(dǎo)的另一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。
（2）…and that even the best theory can turn out to be wrong 是writes 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞know引導(dǎo)的第二個(gè)并列賓語(yǔ)從句。在英語(yǔ)中，賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞that可以被省略，但如果一個(gè)動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)以上并列的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，第二個(gè)及以后的賓語(yǔ)從句中的that不可省略。例如：
He said that he would come back soon and that he would continue to learn drawing.
他說他馬上就會(huì)回來的，而且會(huì)繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)繪畫的。
（3）turn out“結(jié)果（是）；證明（是）；原來（是）”（to happen to be in the end）往往指結(jié)果與所預(yù)想的或表面上的不一致。例如：
His answer turned out to be wrong.
他的答案被證明是錯(cuò)誤的。（turn out to be…）
The party turned out a success.
聚會(huì)很成功。（turn out sth）
He turned out to live in Hastings.
原來他住在黑斯廷斯。（turn out to do）
It's turned out nice and sunny again.
（天氣）終于又是陽(yáng)光普照了。
2． By asking why, how and what if, curious mind find new ideas and solutions.
通過不停地問自已為什么，如何運(yùn)作和盤根究底的假設(shè)，這個(gè)求知的人終于找到新的主意及方法了。
what if倘使…將會(huì)怎樣；即使…又有什么要緊。
例如：
What if we move the picture over here? Do you think it'll look better?
把畫移到這兒會(huì)怎樣？你看會(huì)不會(huì)好看一點(diǎn)？
What if you should fail?
假如你失敗了，該怎么辦呢？
What if he fails?
如果他失敗又有什么關(guān)系？
高考解析
1、I have worked with children before, so I know what _______ in my new job.（2000 NMET）
A．expected B．to expect
C．to be expected D．expects
命題目的：考查“What to expect”中的不定式在句中做賓語(yǔ).
解題方法：
此題答案為B.“疑問詞＋不定式”常相當(dāng)于名詞的作用，在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。所以此題可排除A、D。而這個(gè)不定式的動(dòng)詞 except 與 what 構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用不定式的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)含義，所以排除Ｃ。
2、It is ________ that he has left out _______ “n”in the word “government”.
A．obvious; an B．obviously; a
C．clear; the D．clearly; a
命題目的：句型及冠詞的用法.
解題方法：
此題答案為A。第一空用在句型It is obvious /clear that…表示“很顯然”，此句型相當(dāng)于Obviously /Clearly…；第二空在元音音素前，用不定冠詞“an”。
3、－Will you go to ask him for help?
－But ______ he is busy?
A．when B．once
C．what if D．what
命題目的：考查what if的用法.
解題方法：
此題答案為C。“what if”表示“假如……的話，該怎么辦？”又如：What if the earth broke up?如果地球爆炸了，會(huì)怎么樣呢？
同步測(cè)試
一、單項(xiàng)填空：從下面所給A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的正確答案。
( )1．The old man _____ our guide.
A．a(chǎn)cted B．undertook as C．undertook to be D．worked
( )2．－Is the table free? －Sorry, it is already______.
A．seated B．bought C．busy D．engaged
( ) 3．To learn to speak a foreign language well, ______.
A．much practice is needed by one B．much practice will be needed
C．one needs much practice D．one is needed with practice
( ) 4．It is better to lose one's life than _____.
A．if you lose your spirit B．losing his spirit
C．to lose one's spirit D．your spirit getting lost
( ) 5．In front of the farmhouse, they met a little boy ______ a branch to make a walking stick.
A．who was working on B．that working at
C．who worked at D．was working on
( ) 6．We will have to ______ each other to see whether art is more important than science.
A．discuss B．talk with C．a(chǎn)rgue D．debate
( ) 7．______ I had read the books on the reading list before I attended the lecture!
A．Only if B．Even if C．If only D．What if
( ) 8．Don't be unhappy. With time _____, you will get a higher pay.
A．going by B．goes by C．went by D．has gone by
( ) 9．He was not satisfied with a paper map. ______, he built a model that could move to show how the position of the stars changed from season to season
A．Instead of B．Therefore C．However D．Anyhow
( )10．－Why doesn't he make notes?
－He has no pen _____. He seems ______ it.
A．to write, to forget bringing B．to write, to forget to bring
C．to write with, to have forgotten to bring D．to use with, to have forgotten
( )11．They used up all their money to _____ their lost son.
A．seek B．seek out C．search D．look search of
( )12．_____ is no doubt that he will get the present he has always dreamt ____.
A．There; of B．It; about C．There; to D．It; of
( )13．Only if you can keep it secret ______ tell you all about the matter.
A．I will B．will I C．do I D．I shall
答案及提示
1．C. undertake to be“擔(dān)當(dāng)（職位），作為（身份）”，相當(dāng)于act as或work as.
2．D. 根據(jù)上下文可知說話人想知道“這餐桌是不是空的”。engaged指“被合用”之意。
3．C. 不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)為人，即排除A、B、D為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不合句意。
4．C. 不定式指代形式主語(yǔ)it，又因?yàn)榍懊媸莟o lose one’s life，為不定式形式，所以要求形式上的統(tǒng)一。
5．A. 為定語(yǔ)修飾先行詞boy，根據(jù)上下文應(yīng)強(qiáng)調(diào)當(dāng)時(shí)的情景。B、D語(yǔ)法上均錯(cuò)誤。C時(shí)態(tài)不是最佳。
6．D. discuss“討論”，句型為：discuss sth with sb
argue “爭(zhēng)論”，句型為：argue with sb about /over sth.
Talk with sb“與……交談”。根據(jù)本題之意，應(yīng)為“辯論”。
可說：debate sb.（與某人辯論），也可說debate with sb about /upon sth
7．C. If only“如果……就好了”后面可接真實(shí)及虛擬語(yǔ)氣。本句是一與過去相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。意思是“如果我在參加這次講座之前，讀了閱讀目錄上的文章就好了”。
8．A. with＋復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，time與后面的動(dòng)詞是主謂關(guān)系，即用現(xiàn)在分詞。
9．B. 根據(jù)上下文，這應(yīng)該是上文的原因的必然結(jié)果。
10．C. 不定式作定語(yǔ)修飾pen.因?yàn)椋篐e must write with a pen.須用to write with .seem后須用不定式.
11．A. seek sb“尋找某人”相當(dāng)于seek for /search for.
12．A. There is no doubt that…是固定句型，“毫無(wú)疑問”，dream of“夢(mèng)想，渴望”。
13．B. “only＋狀語(yǔ)從句”位于句首時(shí)，主句須用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序。