教學(xué)內(nèi)容：一、學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)
學(xué)習(xí)并掌握本單元重點(diǎn)詞匯與短語；并通過單元閱讀認(rèn)識(shí)古文物對(duì)研究古文化的重要性，進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)保護(hù)文物的意識(shí)；在語言知識(shí)方面，復(fù)習(xí)it的用法；在語言運(yùn)用能力方面，運(yùn)用本單元知識(shí)，提高寫作能力。
二、語言點(diǎn)講解
1.…and what did their homes look like?……他們的家看起來像什么樣？
look like: 其中l(wèi)ike是介詞
(1)像，看來像是…… eg:
She looks so much like her mother.她看起來很像她的母親。
(2)好像要…… eg:
Look at that dark cloud. It looks like rain.看看那烏云，好像要下雨了。
2.…what objects have we found from their age?……從他們那個(gè)時(shí)代，我們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么物品？
age
(1)[C]本處age指的是“時(shí)代”（times） eg:
the Middle Ages（比較：middle age中年）中世紀(jì)
the Stone (Bronze, Iron) Ages石器（青銅器，鐵器）時(shí)代
(2)[C]（用an age, ages）意為“長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”(very long time) eg:
It’s been ages since we met.我們好久好久不見面了。
(3)[U]年齡，年紀(jì)（length of time a person has lived or a thing has existed）
eg: She looks younger than her age.她看起來比實(shí)際年齡小。
注：相關(guān)短語：at the age of 20在20歲的時(shí)候；for one’s age論年齡 eg:
He looks young for his age.他看起來比實(shí)際年齡小。
(4)vt. & vi.（人）衰老，變老；（物）成熟 eg:
Illness aged her so quickly.疾病使她衰老得很快。
3. curiosity[ kju rI′ s tI]n.
(1)[U] being curious 好奇心，求知欲 eg:
His curiosity made him succeed.他的好奇心，使他成功了。
Tom stared at me in curiosity.湯姆好奇地盯著我。
詞組：in/with curiosity好奇地；out of curiosity出于好奇
(2)[C] curious thing; strange or rare object珍奇的東西（事物）；珍品 eg:
She was interested in curiosities.她對(duì)珍品感興趣。
a curiosity shop古玩店
注：curiosity的形容詞形式是curious，相關(guān)詞組：
be curious about…對(duì)……感到好奇 be curious to do極想…… eg:
Children are curious about everything around them.
孩子們對(duì)周圍的每件事都感到好奇。
I’m curious to know what he said.我極想知道他說了些什么。
4. unearth[ n′ ]vt. discover sth. or bring sth. to light 發(fā)掘；發(fā)現(xiàn)，揭露
eg: The dog has unearthed some bones.那只狗掘出了幾根骨頭。
The archaeologist unearthed a buried treasure last year.
去年，那位考古學(xué)家發(fā)掘了埋在地下的一個(gè)寶藏。
注：un-前綴
（1）置于形容詞，副詞，名詞之前，構(gòu)成“不……”，“無……”，“非……”等意之詞。 eg:
unhappy不快樂的 unfortunately不幸地 unemployment失業(yè)
（2）置于動(dòng)詞之前，構(gòu)成相反動(dòng)作之詞。 eg:
fold（折疊）-unfold（展開）
dress（給某人穿衣服）-undress（給某人脫衣）
5. decoration[ dek ′reI n]n. being decorated; sth. used for decorating裝飾（修）；裝飾品 eg:
the decoration of a room房間的裝飾
We put Christmas decorations on the tree.我們將圣誕節(jié)裝飾品掛在樹上。
注：其動(dòng)詞形式是decorate[′dek reIt]vt. 裝飾……
詞組：decorate sth. with sth. eg:
She decorated her room with flowers.她用鮮花裝飾她的房間。
三、課前準(zhǔn)備針對(duì)性練習(xí)（30分，25分鐘）
（一）單項(xiàng)選擇（每小題1分，共10分）
1. Mary is anxious __________ her mother’s health.
A. for B. to C. in D. about
2. The streets were __________ flags.
A. decorated with B. decorated on
C. decorated in D. decorated by
3. You dislike the way she worked,__________?
A. don’t you B. do you C. didn’t she D. did she
4. In fact,__________ English have __________ wonderful sense of humour.
A. the; / B. the; the C. /; a D. the; a
5.-Do you think your son should go to college?
-Yes, of course.__________ ,he should also go abroad for higher education.
A. What’s more B. In other words C. By the way D. After all
6.-Did the policeman let you in?
-No,__________ I told him who I was.
A. if B. once C. as though D. even if
7.__________ ,he does get angry with her sometimes.
A. As he likes her much B. Though much he likes her
C. Much as he likes her D. Much even if he likes her
8.-We were talking about the new play __________ day, remember?
-Yes, I enjoyed it very much.
A. the other B. another C. some D. other
9. You have not yet answered my question __________ I can join in the party tonight.
A. whether B. if C. which D. that
10. He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation __________ it got worse.
（2003，北京，1分）
A. until B. when C. before D. as
（二）單句改錯(cuò)（每小題1分，共10分）
1. That’s all what she wants to say. __________
2. These houses are sold at such a low price that people expected. __________
3. I wouldn’t stay in a hotel where refused to accept children. __________
4. Look! It looks like to rain. __________
5. My daughter is always curious for the universe. __________
6. The whole class are all decorating the classroom in pictures. __________
7. This is the very reason what we all know. __________
8. If he will come doesn’t matter. __________
9. Let’s do it for them, won’t you? __________
10. He’s got a nice present, but he doesn’t know to do with it. __________
（三）閱讀理解（每小題2分，共10分）
The Romans built great aqueducts to carry fresh water from the mountains to the cities. Many of these aqueducts are still standing today. The Romans also built great pipes under the ground to carry away the sewage（污水）. In Rome, one of these sewage pipes is still used today; it is 2000 years old. The Roman Emperors even set up a government health service. They built the first great public hospitals in Europe, and they paid doctors to look after poor people.
Then the Roman Empire fell to pieces, these_civilized_methods_of_treatment disappeared from most of Europe, for more than a thousand years. People_went_back_to_the_old_ways. They lived in dirty conditions which helped to cause disease; and they asked God to cure the disease. They shut up mentally sick people in prisons. Or they burnt them alive because they were supposed to have magic powers.
But the work of the Greek and Roman doctors was not lost. Over a thousand years ago, the Arabs moved into many of the Mediterranean（地中海）countries. They took big parts of the old Roman lands. They translated the Greek and Roman medical books into Arabic. Arab doctors themselves made many new discoveries.
When civilization at last came back to Europe, men once again translated the Greek and Roman works on medicine into Latin. Slowly-very slowly-European doctors discovered again the things that the Greeks and Romans had known so long ago. Slowly, they began to make new discoveries. They found out more about the way the body works-the way these muscles move our bodies.
1. The word“aqueduct”in the first paragraph probably means __________ .
A. something built to carry away the sewage
B. something invented by a Roman Emperor
C. a big pipe under the ground
D. something built to supply clean water for the citizens
2. In this article,“civilized methods of treatment”refer to __________ .
A. advanced forms of health case
B. the way they burnt the bodies of the dead
C. the way they shut up bodies of the dead
D. what was called magic powers
3. Which of the following is NOT what the writer means by saying“people went back to the old ways?”
A. People lived in dirty conditions again.
B. People asked God for help when they were ill.
C. People did not treat mentally sick people properly.
D. People built hospitals for themselves.
4. From this passage we’ve learned that the Arabs __________ .
A. made more discoveries than the Romans
B. helped to keep the Roman medical works
C. discovered more about the way the human body works
D. took up big parts of the old Roman lands 2000 years ago
5. A suitable title for this passage could be __________ .
A. The devotion made by the Romans and Arabs to the development of public health
B. how the Arabs seized the Roman Empire by force
C. the rise and fall of the Roman Empire
D. how Arabian doctors helped to translate the medical books
【聽力導(dǎo)讀】
一、語言點(diǎn)講解
1. make a drawing of sth. : make a picture of sth.繪……的圖 eg:
I made a drawing of some fruit.我畫了一幅水果素描。
2. What else could the object be used for?你認(rèn)為這個(gè)物體還有什么別的用途嗎？
use使用，利用 eg:
-What do you use this tool for?這個(gè)工具用途何在？
-It is used for cutting wire.它用于切割金屬。
相關(guān)詞組：use up用完，耗盡 come into use開始使用
in use使用之中，使用著 make use of利用，使用
It is no use doing做某事是沒有用的 used to do過去常常做某事
be used to do被用于做…… be used to doing習(xí)慣于……
二、如何聽的建議
講究方法，提高短時(shí)記憶能力
人的記憶方式分為短時(shí)記憶和長(zhǎng)時(shí)記憶兩種。短時(shí)記憶對(duì)英語聽力測(cè)試尤為重要，因?yàn)橹挥杏涀偮犕甑膬?nèi)容，才有可能對(duì)所聽內(nèi)容進(jìn)行加工處理，最后確定答案。然而，人的短時(shí)記憶的時(shí)間和容量是有限的，要提高短時(shí)記憶力，需要進(jìn)行記憶力的訓(xùn)練，掌握一些記憶方法。在平時(shí)的聽力練習(xí)中，我們可嘗試以下幾種方法：
1.重點(diǎn)記憶法：認(rèn)真、快速地讀題，從而確定記憶的重點(diǎn)，增強(qiáng)有意識(shí)的記憶。
2.復(fù)述記憶法：在平時(shí)的聽力訓(xùn)練中，聽完一篇對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后，立即用自己的語言復(fù)述其中的主要內(nèi)容。開始時(shí)不要因回憶不出很多的內(nèi)容而泄氣。能記住主要內(nèi)容，就算成功。經(jīng)過多次這樣的訓(xùn)練，短時(shí)記憶的能力會(huì)有明顯的提高。
3.情景記憶法：如果孤立地去記所聽到的人名、地名、數(shù)字等，是難以記住的。但如果把他們放到特定的場(chǎng)合中去，與情景聯(lián)系起來，弄清文章中的時(shí)間（when）、地點(diǎn)（where）、人物（who）和情節(jié)（why, what, how）四大要素，往往就比較容易了。
此外還有用簡(jiǎn)單符號(hào)和簡(jiǎn)圖記錄所聽內(nèi)容的方法。
【口語導(dǎo)讀】
一、語言點(diǎn)講解
1. You can read some books about that.你可以閱讀一些有關(guān)那方面的書籍。
about與on都可表示“關(guān)于”的意思。
（1）about側(cè)重?cái)⑹拢琽n側(cè)重論述；about多用于個(gè)人事跡、故事內(nèi)容、一般的書籍、文章等較淺顯的問題，on多用于比較重大的，涉及比較深廣的諸如國(guó)際形勢(shì)、政治、理論、學(xué)術(shù)、報(bào)告、專著等方面的問題。 eg:
a book on the radio關(guān)于無線電方面的專著
stories about Lei Feng關(guān)于雷鋒的故事
注：a book on the radio中，若on改用about時(shí)，指一本關(guān)于無線電的科普故事書；story后只能用about，不能用on。
（2）about常與learn, teach, read, tell, know等動(dòng)詞連用。 eg:
What do you know about it?對(duì)此你知道些什么？
He talked a lot about his family.他說了許多關(guān)于家庭的事。
2. What I’d really like to find out is whether people would sometimes want to go on a holiday, as we do.我真正想弄清楚的是人們有時(shí)是否想去度假，就像我們一樣。
（1）What I’d really like to find out在句中做主語，whether people would sometimes want to go on a holiday在句中做表語。
（2）as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，代表整個(gè)主句，在從句中做賓語。 eg:
He married her, as was natural.他跟她結(jié)婚了，這是很自然的事。
注：which與as都可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，代表整個(gè)主句，但有區(qū)別：
①as引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在主句之前，主句之后，甚至還可以分割主句；which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。另外，as常有“正如，正像”的含義。 eg:
John, as you know, is a writer.正如你所知，約翰是個(gè)作家。
He was very rude to the Customs officer, which of course made things even worse.
他對(duì)海關(guān)官員非常無禮，這當(dāng)然使事情更糟糕了。（1998，上海高考）
②as作為關(guān)系代詞還可用于the same…as和such…as中。 eg:
I’ve never heard such stories as he tells.
我從未聽過他講的這樣的故事。
This is the same dictionary as I lost.這本字典跟我丟失的一樣。
二、交際用語講解
1. I wonder what/who… 2. I’m curious to … 3. I wonder if/whether…
4. I’m curious about… 5. I really want to know… 6. I’d love to know …
7. What I’d really like to find out is… 8. I’d like to know more about…
三、口語針對(duì)性練習(xí)（28分，20分鐘）
（一）單項(xiàng)選擇（每小題1分，共10分）
1. He __________ go to work by bus, but now he __________ riding a bicycle to work.
A. used to; used to B. used to; is used to
C. is used to; used to D. is used to; is used to
2. Let’s practise __________ English when and where __________ .
A. speaking; impossible B. to speak; possible
C. speaking; possible D. to speak; impossible
3. He learned English __________ watching educators __________ TV or __________ a computer screen.
A. by; on; in B. in; on; on C. by; on; on D. in; in; on
4. I wonder __________ he will spend the weekend with us on the farm.
A. that B. where C. when D. if
5. Jane’s pale face suggested that she _______ill, and her parents suggested that she ________a medical examination.
A. be; should have B. was; have
C. should be; had D. was; has
6. Her suggestion that you __________ once more sounds reasonable.
A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try
7. I __________ him to give up smoking, but I failed.
A. try to persuade B. suggested
C. managed to persuade D. persuaded
8.-What would you like to drink?
-__________.
A. To drink a coffee B. Drink a cup of coffee
C. A coffee D. I like a cup of coffee
9. He was about to tell me the secret __________ someone patted him on the shoulder.
（2002，上海，1分）
A. as B. until C. while D. when
10. Does your family live __________ Beijing?
A. far B. far away C. far away from D. far near
（二）單句改錯(cuò)（每小題1分，共10分）
1. My suggestion is that you will not take this medicine. __________
2. I’m sure that he will come. But I wonder when he will come on time. __________
3. The boy is too young to wear himself. __________
4. He’d like to be taking to the new country. __________
5. He was in a traffic jam, that made him late for school. __________
6. He practiced speak English whenever he met a foreigner. __________
7. I think you’ll soon be used the weather here. __________
8. I talked for a long time, and in the end I tried to make her believe me. __________
9. The doctor suggested that the boy was sent to hospital at once. __________
10. The use of satellites makes this possible to telephone somebody on the other side of the world. __________
（三）閱讀理解（每小題2分，共8分）
When we say that Cambridge is a university town, we do not mean just that it is a town with a university in it. Manchester and Milan have universities, but we do not call them university towns. A university town is one where there is no clear separation between the university buildings and the rest of the city. The university is not just one part of the town; it is all over the town. The heart of Cambridge has its shops, pubs（小酒館）, market place and so on, but most of it is university-colleges, faculties（各系部）, libraries, clubs and other places for university staff（教職員工）and students. Students fill the shops, cafes, banks, and churches, making these as well part of the university.
The town was there first. Two Roman roads crossed there, and there are signs of building before Roman times (earlier than AD 43). Cambridge became a center of learning, and the authority（權(quán)威）of the head of the university was recognized by the king in 1226.
With about 8250 undergraduates and over 2000 postgraduates, the city is a busy place in “fill turn”（全體學(xué)生在校上課時(shí)）. Undergraduates are not allowed to keep cars in Cambridge, so nearly all of them use bicycles. Don’t try to drive through Cambridge during the five minutes between lectures. Your bicycle must go through a boiling sea of other bicycles hurrying in all directions. If you are in Cambridge at five minutes to the hour any morning of full term, you know that you are in a university town.
1. What is called a university town?
A. A town with a university in it.
B. A university with a town in it.
C. One where there is no clear separation between a university and a town.
D. One where there are both a university and a town.
2. How many students does Cambridge have?
A. Eight thousand, two hundred and fifty. B. Two thousand.
C. Ten thousand. D. More than ten thousand.
3. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage? In Cambridge __________ .
A. the university is all over the town
B. the town came earlier than the university
C. during the five minutes between lectures, your bicycle must go through other bicycles hurrying in all directions
D. the teachers have many strange ways of making their lectures lively and interesting
4. What’s the title of the passage?
A. Cambridge-A University Town.
B. Cambridge-A Centre of Learning.
C. Cambridge with Many Students.
D. Cambridge with a Long History.
【閱讀指導(dǎo)】
一、生詞和詞組
1. date back to: having existed since自某時(shí)代存在至今，追溯回，始于 eg:
This building dates back to the 14th century.這座房子建于14世紀(jì)。
注：date back to也可以說成date from eg:
Our partnership dates from 1970.我們從1970年就合伙了。
2. warrior[′w ri ]n. person who fights in battle 戰(zhàn)士，武士，勇士 eg:
Jingke is a warrior.荊軻是一名勇士。
3. pin[pIn](1)n. short thin piece of stiff wire with a share point at one end and a round head at the other大頭針 eg:
Please fasten two sheets of paper with a pins.用大頭針把兩張紙別在一起。
(2)v. ①attach sth. with a pin or pins.用針固定或別住某物 eg:
Pin the bills together so you don’t lose them.
把賬單別在一起以防遺失。
②attach or fix sth. to sb.將某事附加在某人身上
常用于pin sth. on sb. eg:
We’re pinning all our hopes on you.我們把希望完全寄托在你身上了。
4. a variety of: many different kinds of各種各樣的 eg:
He left for a variety of reasons.他由于種種原因而離開了。
5. tend[tend](1)vt. ①take care of or look after sb./ sth.照料，照管 eg:
The nurses are tending the injured.護(hù)士正在照料受傷者。
They are shepherds tending their sheep.他們是照管羊的牧人。
②serve customs in (a shop, bar, etc.)在（店鋪、酒吧等）中接待顧客、服侍
eg: I would like to tend the store for you while you’re away.
你不在時(shí)，我愿意替你照看店鋪。
③be likely to behave in a certain way or to have a certain influence傾向；趨于 eg:
He tends to get angry when people object to his plan.
別人反對(duì)他的意見時(shí)，他很容易生氣。
(2)vi. take a certain direction朝某方向 eg:
The track tends upwards.這痕跡是朝著上方的。
6. for this reason因?yàn)檫@個(gè)理由
for no good reason無緣無故，沒有正當(dāng)?shù)睦碛?eg:
You mustn’t leave for no good reason.沒有合適的理由，你不許離開。
7. have a hand in: be involved in sth. which happens; be partly responsible for sth.參與，插手，對(duì)某事負(fù)部分責(zé)任 eg:
John should have a hand in this.約翰應(yīng)對(duì)這件事負(fù)責(zé)任。
注：相關(guān)詞組：lend sb. a hand幫助某人 from hand to mouth僅夠糊口地
hand in hand手牽手 on the other hand另一方面
shake hands with sb.與某人握手 hand in交出……；提出
hand out分發(fā)，分配 hand down（將傳統(tǒng)，習(xí)慣等）傳給后世，流傳下來
8. in terms of意思是“用……的話”，“以……的觀點(diǎn)”，“就……而說” eg:
He thought of everything in terms of money.他每件事都從錢的角度考慮。
The figures are expressed in terms of a percentage.
那些數(shù)字是以百分?jǐn)?shù)表示的。
9. spare[spe ]vt. ①use as little as possible 吝惜，節(jié)約，舍不得用 eg:
He didn’t spare any effort on his studies.他在研究方面不遺余力。
Spare the rod and spoil the child.
[諺]孩子不打不成器，嬌養(yǎng)忤逆兒。（省了棍子壞了孩子。）
②show mercy to; don’t hurt or harm sb.饒恕；不傷害某人 eg:
Please spare me!請(qǐng)饒了我吧！
③be able to afford to give (time or money) (to sb.)勻出，撥出，分出，提供。
eg: Can you spare me a few minutes of your time?我能耽擱您幾分鐘嗎？
I can’t spare the time for a holiday at the moment.
目前我抽不出時(shí)間去度假。
注：spare no effort不遺余力
spare adj. ①kept in reserve for use when needed多余的；備用的；剩余的
eg: We have no spare room for a table.我們沒有放桌子的空地方。
Do you carry a spare wheel in your car?你的汽車上有備用車輪嗎？
I have no spare money this month.這個(gè)月我沒有余錢。
②for leisure; free; unoccupied空閑的；未占用的 eg:
He paints in his spare time.他在空閑時(shí)繪畫。
She is a busy woman with little spare time.
她是一位忙得沒有空的女子。
③thin瘦的 eg:
a tall spare man又高又瘦的男子
注：詞組in one’s spare time在某人的空閑時(shí)間
10. in the eyes of sb. (in sb.’s eyes): in the opinion of sb.在某人的心目中，在某人看來 eg:
In your father’s eyes you’re still a child.在你父親的眼里你仍是個(gè)孩子。
注：相關(guān)詞組：keep an eye on sb.留神，看守，看管
look sb. in the eye目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看某人
shut (close) one’s eyes to sth.閉目不看……，裝著沒看到……，視而不見
11. remote[rI′m t]adj. ①far away from other houses（與其他房子）遠(yuǎn)離的，遙遠(yuǎn)的，偏僻的 eg:
He used to live in a remote village.他曾住在一個(gè)偏僻的山村里。
a house remote from the town一座遠(yuǎn)離城鎮(zhèn)的房子
②far away in time（在時(shí)間上）遙遠(yuǎn)的，久遠(yuǎn)的 eg:
in the remote past/ future在遙遠(yuǎn)的過去（未來）
③cold and unfriendly冷淡的，漠不關(guān)心的 eg:
He is rather remote.他相當(dāng)冷淡。
12. as well as
(1)同……一樣好 eg:
She cooks as well as her mother does.她和她母親的燒菜水平一樣好。
(2)（除……之外）又，不但……而且…… eg:
He grows flowers as well as vegetables.他既種菜也種花。
注：A as well as B短語為主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要隨A的人稱、數(shù)而變化。
eg: His children as well as his wife were invited to the party.
不但他的太太，連他的孩子們都被邀請(qǐng)參加了那次聚會(huì)。
二、同、近義詞辨析
1. sure與certain確信，有把握
相同點(diǎn)：（1）都可接about/ of，意思是“確信”，“對(duì)……有把握”，只能用人做主語。 eg:
Are you sure/ certain of that?你確信那件事嗎？
（2）都可接不定式，意思是“一定會(huì)……”，人或物均可做主語。 eg:
He is sure/certain to succeed.他一定會(huì)成功。
The project is sure/certain to be a success.這個(gè)計(jì)劃一定會(huì)成功。
（3）后面跟“連接詞（疑問詞、連詞whether）+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，意思是“確定……”，只能用人做主語。 eg:
I’m not sure/certain what to do.我不知道怎么辦。
（4）都可跟從句，意思是“肯定……”，“確定……”，只能用人做主語。 eg:
I’m not sure/certain whether I’ve met him before.
我不能確定以前是否見到過他。
不同點(diǎn)：sure不能用于It is certain that…句型。 eg:
It is certain that your team will win.你們隊(duì)肯定會(huì)贏。
2. cloth, clothes與clothing
(1)cloth指做衣服用的材料（布料、毛料、絲綢等），是物質(zhì)名詞，不可數(shù)，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。 eg:
a piece of cloth一塊布料（不能說a cloth）
How much cloth does it take to make a coat for the child?
給這個(gè)孩子做件上衣要多少布？
注：cloth指“具體用途的布”時(shí)，是可數(shù)名詞。 eg:
a table cloth一塊桌布 a dish-cloth擦盤子布
（2）clothes統(tǒng)指各種衣服，包括外套、西裝、襯衣、褲子、裙、鞋、帽等。不指單件衣服。它既不能用作單數(shù)，也不能和表示具體數(shù)目的數(shù)詞連用。做主語時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
不能說：a clothes（×） six clothes(×)
但可以說many (these, a few, my) clothes(√) eg:
He had to buy many clothes.他只好買很多衣服。
These clothes are new.這些衣服都是新的。
（3）clothing是衣服、服裝的總稱，是集合名詞，只有單數(shù)形式。做主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)形式。 eg:
food and clothing衣食
an article of clothing (a piece of clothing) 一件衣服
三、語言點(diǎn)講解
1. Buried with him were the tools of a hunter or warrior. 獵人或是武士的工具跟他埋在一起。
此句是倒裝句，正常的語序應(yīng)是：
The tools of a hunter or warrior were buried with him.
當(dāng)一個(gè)句子沒有賓語而主語又比較長(zhǎng)，為了保持句子平衡，或?yàn)榱藦?qiáng)調(diào)表語或狀語，或?yàn)榱耸股舷挛木o密銜接，可將狀語提到句子前頭，同時(shí)把謂語也放到主語的前面。 eg:
East of the town lies a beautiful lake.城東有一美麗的湖泊。
Next to them lay a cushion stone, upon which the man could work metal.
在它們的旁邊放著一塊墊東西的石頭，這個(gè)人有可能在上面鍛造金屬。
2. This was a time when the first metals were brought to Britain.那時(shí)第一批金屬被帶到了英國(guó)。
a time特定的一段時(shí)間，在這指的是that period。
when引出的是定語從句，修飾先行詞a time，等于at which。 eg:
This was a time when there were still slaves in the USA.那時(shí)美國(guó)還有奴隸。
3. Iron came later, in what was called the Iron Age.后來，在所謂的鐵器時(shí)代出現(xiàn)了鐵。
句中what was called the Iron Age是what引出的名詞性從句做in的賓語，連接詞what在從句中充當(dāng)成分，做主語，因此不用that。 eg:
Einstein’s most famous theory is what we call the Theory of Relativity.
愛因斯坦最著名的理論就是我們所說的相對(duì)論。
4. At first it was thought that it was through war and armed conflict, but…起初，人們認(rèn)為鐵是由于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和武裝沖突才出現(xiàn)的。但……
句中it was thought +that…it是形式主語，真正的主語是that從句，第二個(gè)it指上文的“鐵”（iron）。
掌握句型：It is said/ thought/believed…that…
=People say/think/believe that…
=sb. /sth. is said/ believed/ thought to do eg:
It is said that the book has been translated into English.
= People say that the book has been translated into English.
= The book is said to have been translated into English.
據(jù)說，這本書已經(jīng)被譯成了英文。
四、典型病句診斷
1.病句：The woman was said that she had no son.
診斷：The woman was said to have no son.
It was said that the woman had no son.
點(diǎn)撥：表示“據(jù)說”可用兩種句型：一種是It is/was+ said +that從句；另一種是據(jù)說的人或物為主語，said之后接動(dòng)詞不定式。
2.病句：The scientist’s theory is proved to be correct.
診斷：The scientist’s theory proves to be correct.
點(diǎn)撥：prove表示“證明是，表明是”時(shí)是不及物動(dòng)詞，類似系動(dòng)詞，后接名詞或（to be）+形容詞，所以沒有被動(dòng)式。
3.病句：It is sure that he will come.
診斷：It is certain that he will come.
點(diǎn)撥：sure和certain為“確信，有把握”講時(shí)，基本上都能互換，但在It is certain that…句型中，只能使用certain，不能用sure。
4.病句：He is possible to succeed.
診斷：He is likely to succeed.
點(diǎn)撥：possible的主語不能是人，而likely的主語可以是物也可以是人。
5.病句：The teacher as well as his students are present.
診斷：The teacher as well as his students is present.
點(diǎn)撥：as well as連接兩個(gè)名詞做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱要與as well as前的名詞保持一致。
6.病句：My clothes is hanging behind the door.
診斷：My clothes are hanging behind the door.
點(diǎn)撥：clothes指各種衣服，做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
五、類文閱讀針對(duì)性練習(xí)（24分，20分鐘）
（一）單項(xiàng)選擇（每小題1分，共6分）
1. Jack is a bright and diligent boy __________ his brother, Tom is just the opposite.
A. when B. as C. while D. however
2. He __________ the villagers to plant more trees on the hills.
A. stopped B. suggested C. advised D. agreed
3. In order to make a __________ study of the animals, the scientists lived __________ in the forest.
A. further; farther B. far; farther C. farther; farther D. farther; far
4. This temple __________ the 12th century.
A. is dated from B. dates from C. belongs to D. is belonged to
5. It’s quite __________ that Dr Smith will be present at the meeting.
A. certain B. sure C. certainly D. surely
6. The gold watch has been passed __________ over five generations.
A. down B. away C. out D. by
（二）漢譯英（每小題2分，共10分）
1.他跟他的父母一樣，也喜歡游泳。(as well as)
______________________________________
2.我不能確定他是不是來。(be sure/ certain)
______________________________________
3.您能給我勻出幾分鐘嗎？（spare）
______________________________________
4.在老師眼里，他是個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的孩子。(in the eyes of sb.)
______________________________________
5.這棟建筑是18世紀(jì)建的。（date back to）
______________________________________
（三）閱讀理解（每小題2分，共8分）
Science in its modern form began only a few hundred years ago. One of the first great scientists was Galileo. He used his observation to prove new theories. Before him, most people had accepted the ideas of ancient Greek scientists such as Aristotle, without checking to see if they were right. Galileo laid the foundation for the work of Newton, who is considered one of the greatest scientists of all time.
However, science in the twentieth century has changed greatly since Newton’s day. Discoveries are now often made by scientists working together, who may compete with others to make a discovery first. An example of this was the discovery of how a chemical called DNA in body cells is made up.
Modern science can be very expensive. Earlier in this century, men such as Ernest Rutherford found that atoms are made of smaller particles by using simple apparatus（器具）. Other scientists then developed theories about how these particles（微粒）fitted into the atom. But to discover new subatomic（原子的）particles today costs millions of pounds, with dozens of scientists and engineers involved.
Atomic scientists have given us power (including the power to kill). In 1942 the first nuclear reactor（原子反應(yīng)堆）was built, in which uranium split to give off energy. This soon led to the first atomic bomb.
Medical scientists are always working to save lives. Surgery has become much safer since Joseph Lister realized the need to kill germs（細(xì)菌）when operating. Equally important advances saving lives have been the introduction of vaccination（種痘）and antibiotics（抗菌素）.
1. It was only after Galileo that __________ .
A. people began to check the ideas of ancient Greek scientists
B. Aristotle’s ideas were proved by most of the people
C. Newton laid the foundation of all scientific work
D. new theories were checked and accepted
2. What is the difference between science in twentieth century and that in Newton’s day?
A. There is a discovery to show how DNA in body cells is made up.
B. Observations are used to prove new theories.
C. Some ideas are accepted after being checked.
D. Scientists work together to compete in their discoveries.
3. According to the passage, one big problem in modern science is __________ .
A. the lack of scientists and engineers
B. the huge amount of money needed
C. the slow development of theories
D. the way to use sub-atomic particles
4. One greatest discovery in the twentieth century mentioned in the passage was __________ .
A. the atomic energy B. the atoms
C. the body cells D. the germs in the body
【綜合技能導(dǎo)讀】
一、生詞和詞組
1. root[ru t](1)n. ①[C] part of a plant that keeps it firmly in the soil and absorbs water and food from the soil根 eg:
the root of a tree樹根 pull up a plant by the roots把植物連根拔起
②[C]community where he grew up or lives or where his ancestors lived （家庭的）根 eg:
Many Americans have roots in Europe.許多美國(guó)人祖籍在歐洲。
③[C]part of hair, tooth, nail or tongue that attaches it to the rest of the body（毛發(fā)、牙齒、指甲或舌頭的）根部 eg:
the root of a hair發(fā)根
④[C] source or basis根源；根基；基礎(chǔ) eg:
the root of the problem問題的根源
Money is often said to be the root of all evil.金錢常常被說成是萬惡之源。
(2)vi. send down roots and begin to grow生根成長(zhǎng) eg:
This type of plant roots easily.這種植物容易生根成長(zhǎng)。
(3)vt. plant sth.種植某物 eg:
May is the best season to root certain vegetables.
五月是播種某些蔬菜的最佳季節(jié)。
注：rooted[′ru tId]adj. 有根的；根深蒂固的 eg:
a story firmly rooted in reality常常扎根于現(xiàn)實(shí)的小說
2. site[saIt](1)n. (1) ①place where a building (town) was, is or will be situated（建筑物、城鎮(zhèn)等的）地方，位置，遺址，地基 eg:
the site of an old palace古宮殿的遺址
②place where sth. has happened or will happen（事情發(fā)生的或活動(dòng)的）地點(diǎn)，現(xiàn)場(chǎng) eg:
the site of the battle戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)
Rescue workers rushed to the site of the plane crash.
救護(hù)人員急速趕到飛機(jī)墜毀的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。
(2)vt. locate (a building, etc.); place選定（建筑物）用地，設(shè)址 eg:
Is it safe to site the power-station here?把發(fā)電廠建在這里安全嗎？
3. remind[rI′maInd]vt. ①inform sb. of a fact or tell sb. to do sth.提醒某人注意某事或做某事eg:
I reminded him to work hard.我提醒他要用功。
She reminded me that I hadn’t watered the flowers.她提醒我還沒有澆花。
②cause sb. to remember sb./ sth.使某人想起 eg:
He reminds me of his father.看到他使我想起他的父親。
注：常用詞組：remind sb. to do提醒某人做事
remind sb. that…提醒某人做 remind sb. of sth.使人想起
4. mask[m sk](1)n. ①[C] covering for the face 面具；面罩 eg:
put on a mask戴假面具，隱瞞真相
throw off the mask脫下面具；亮出真面目
②[C]thing that hides the truth; pretence用作掩蓋的事物；掩飾；偽裝
eg: Her sociable manner is really a mask for a very shy nature.
她那好交際的作風(fēng)，實(shí)際上是她靦腆天性的偽裝。
（2）vt. ①cover the face with a mask用面具遮住臉 eg:
The thief masked his face with a stocking.
那賊套上長(zhǎng)筒襪遮住臉。
②conceal sth.; disguise掩蓋；偽裝 eg:
This perfume won’t mask the unpleasant smell.
這種香水遮不住那股難聞的氣味。
mask one’s fear by a show of confidence 裝出有信心的樣子來掩飾內(nèi)心的恐懼
5. accompany[ ′k mp nI]vt. ①walk or travel with sb. as a companion伴隨某人；陪伴 eg:
I must ask you to accompany me to the police station.
我得要求你陪我去一趟警察局。
②be present or occur with sth.與某物同時(shí)存在或發(fā)生 eg:
Strong winds accompanied by heavy rain.狂風(fēng)夾著暴雨。
③play an accompaniment for sb.為某人伴奏 eg:
She accompanied the singer on the piano.她彈鋼琴為那位歌手伴奏。
6. precious[′pre s]adj. ①of great value 貴重的；寶貴的 eg:
Nothing is precious than time.世上最寶貴的莫過于光陰。
precious memories珍貴的回憶
②dearly loved; highly valued可愛的；珍貴的 eg:
Every child is precious to its parents.每個(gè)小孩子都是父母的寶貝。
7. dig up①break up (soil, etc.) by digging 挖掘；墾地 eg:
He is digging up land for a new garden.他為建一個(gè)新花園而墾地。
②remove from the ground by digging掘出，掘到 eg:
An old Greek Statue was dug up here last month.
上個(gè)月在這挖出一尊古希臘雕像。
8. have a history of…有……年的歷史 eg:
China has a history of over 5,000 years.中國(guó)有5，000多年的歷史。
9. cover an area of…占地 eg:
Our school covers an area of 100 mu.我們學(xué)校占地100畝。
二、語言點(diǎn)講解
1. Since then, archaeologists have found more than a thousand cultural relics, including gold, jade, bronze and stone objects as well as a large quantity of ivory that must have belonged to at least 500 elephants.自從那時(shí)，考古學(xué)家們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了1，000多件文化遺物，除了大量的象牙外，這些象牙肯定屬于至少500頭大象的，還包括金、玉、銅和石器。
（1）此句是復(fù)合句，that must have belonged to at least 500 elephants在句中做定語修飾ivory。
（2）must have done肯定已經(jīng)……，是對(duì)過去的事情的一種肯定推測(cè)，它的否定或疑問形式用can代替must。 eg:
He must have been to Shanghai.他肯定去上海了。
You must have seen the film last night.你昨天晚上肯定看這部電影了。
You can’t have seen the film last night.你昨天晚上不可能看這部電影。
注：含must have done的句子的反意疑問句，分兩種情況，若前句強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)過去情況的推測(cè)（一般有過去時(shí)間狀語），疑問部分的謂語動(dòng)詞用“didn’t+主語”；若前句強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成，疑問部分的謂語動(dòng)詞用“haven’t (hasn’t)+主語”。 eg:
You must have seen the film, haven’t you?
你肯定看過這部電影，是不是？
He must have met her yesterday, didn’t he?
他昨天肯定見過他，是不是？
2. It was four o’clock in the afternoon when he and his grandpa reached the museum in Guanghan, where an official warmly received them.當(dāng)他和爺爺?shù)竭_(dá)廣漢博物館時(shí)，時(shí)間已是下午4點(diǎn)了，在那兒一位政府官員熱情接待了他們。此句是主從復(fù)合句，包含一個(gè)主句和兩個(gè)從句：when he…in Guanghan是由when引出的時(shí)間狀語從句，where an official warmly received them是由where引出的非限制性定語從句修飾先行詞Guanghan，相當(dāng)于in which。 eg:
It was early morning when we got home.我們回到家時(shí)，時(shí)間已是凌晨。
Chaplin lived the last years of his life in Switzerland, where he was buried in 1977.卓別林晚年定居在瑞士，1977年逝世后安葬在那里。
三、綜合技能針對(duì)性練習(xí)（55分，35分鐘）
（一）單項(xiàng)選擇（每小題1分，共15分）
1. The number of people invited __________ fifty, but a number of them __________ absent for different reasons.
A. was; was B. was; were C. were; was D. were; were
2. She has collected __________ stamps as you.
A. four times as many B. as four times many
C. as many four times D. four times many as
3. The computers of the airports have helped people greatly,__________ more people travel by plane in China.
A. At one time B. In fact C. As a result D. At least
4.“I’m not quite __________ today.”“__________ go and see a doctor?”
A. me; Why don’t B. myself; Why don’t C. me; Why don’t D. myself; Why not
5.“I wish I __________ the answer.”“But you __________ .”
A. know; don’t B. know; didn’t C. knew; don’t D. knew; didn’t
6. Quite a few people __________ live in the countryside rather than in the city.
A. would rather B. prefer to C. would like D. had better
7. “Sorry to trouble you.”“__________.”
A. All right B. No trouble C. That’s right D. It doesn’t matter
8.-Do you have his telephone number?
-He __________ me his number, but I’m afraid I __________ it.
A. has given; lost B. has given; have lost C. gave; lost D. gave; have lost
9. The old car was sold for ￥100,000, which was more than its real __________ .
A. cost B. price C. value D. worth
10.-Are you pleased with his work, sir?
-Yes, it couldn’t be __________ .
A. any better B. any worse C. the best D. the worst
11. Mr Brown owns a __________ in town and lives well.
A. dresses shop B. dress shop C. dresses’ shop D. dress’ shop
12. The headmaster has __________ a plan __________ the new school year.
A. worked; of B. worked; for C. made; of D. made; for
13. It seems that the Hope Project __________ well in China.
A. is got along B. is being got along
C. is getting along D. is getting along with
14. Mrs Black is not a person __________ you can get some help.
A. who B. whom C. from whom D. with whom
15. I called Jack this morning, but he wasn’t in. I’ll have to __________ this evening.
A. ring him back B. ring him up C. ring him off D. ring him in
（二）完形填空（每小題1.5分，共30分）
When a person is curious about something, he is interested in it and ___1___ to know more about it. There is ___2___ with curiosity ___3___ itself.___4___ it is good or bad ___5___ on what people are curious about.
Curiosity ___6___ silly or wrong. Some people with nothing ___7___ are full of curiosity about ___8___ their neighbours are doing. They are ___9___ to know what they are eating or drinking, what they are ___10___ home or taking outside, or ___11___ they have come home so early or so ___12___. To be interested in these things ___13___ silly. It’s ___14___ of their business. It often brings harm,___15___ or quarrels to others, and ___16___ their feelings.
__17__the other hand, there is a __18__ curiosity, the curiosity of wise people, who__19__ at all the great things and try to find out all they do about them. All the discoveries in ___20___ history have been made as a result of curiosity.
1. A. encouraged B. pleased C. wish D. eager
2. A. something B. nothing C. much D. no
3. A. of B. in C. on D. by
4. A. If B. That C. How D. Whether
5. A. keeps B. goes C. put D. depends
6. A. always B. sometimes C. seldom D. never
7. A. doing B. to do C. do D. done
8. A. how B. which C. when D. what
9. A. satisfied B. worried C. anxious D. permitted
10. A. at B. bringing C. doing D. sending
11. A. IF B. why C. where D. whether
12. A. later B. late C. hurry D. happy
13. A. are B. is C. turn out D. can’t be
14. A. none B. not C. nothing D. not at all
15. A. shame B. shade C. shadow D. ashamed
16. A. ever B. besides C. thus D. never
17. A. In B. On C. For D. With
18. A. terrible B. strange C. noble D. instructive
19. A. expect B. explore C. doubt D. wonder
20. A. the human B. human’s C. humans’ D. human
（三）短文改錯(cuò)（每小題1分，共10分）
Camels are used to carrying people or heavy goods. 1.__________
They have very strong back. Camels have long legs, 2.__________
long necks, small heads or strong heavy bodies. A 3.__________
camel is more than two metres long.
Camels of the first kind lives on desert areas 4.__________
of Asia and North Africa. They have long legs than 5.__________
that of the second kind which live in central Asia 6.__________
between China and Iran. For this reason, they are 7.__________
especial good for riding. Camels can run about 8.__________
fifteen kilometers in an hour. Riding a camel is 9.__________
quite different from riding horse. 10.__________
【單元語法講解】
一、單元語法知識(shí)歸納：it的用法
1.代詞it的用法
(1)用作人稱代詞代替前面提到的事物 eg:
My dictionary is missing. I can’t find it anywhere.
我的詞典不見了，我到處找不著。
(2)用以代替指示代詞this, that eg:
-What’s this?這是什么？
-It’s a computer.是計(jì)算機(jī)。
-Whose bicycle is that?那是誰的自行車？
-It’s hers.是她的。
(3)表示季節(jié)、時(shí)間、距離、自然現(xiàn)象和環(huán)境 eg:
It is early spring.這是早春季節(jié)。
It is half past five. 5:30了。
It is ten miles to our school.到我們學(xué)校有10英里遠(yuǎn)。
It is very quiet in the classroom.教室里很安靜。
2.引導(dǎo)詞it的用法
（1）作形式主語
代替由不定式（或不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)）、動(dòng)名詞或從句所表示的真正主語。
eg: It was wrong for you not to help her.
你當(dāng)時(shí)不幫助她是錯(cuò)誤的。(it代替不定式短語)
It will be useless learning a theory without practice.
學(xué)習(xí)理論而沒有實(shí)踐是無用的。(it 代替動(dòng)名詞短語)
It’s not yet known where she has gone.
她去哪里了還不知道。(it代替主語從句)
（2）作形式賓語
代替由不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句所表示的真正賓語。 eg:
We consider it necessary to master two foreign languages.
我們認(rèn)為掌握兩門外語是有必要的。(it作動(dòng)詞不定式的先行詞)
We found it useless talking to her.
我們認(rèn)為跟她談是無用的。(it作動(dòng)名詞的先行詞)
I must make it clear that I’ll always support you.
我必須申明我將永遠(yuǎn)支持你。(it作that引出的賓語從句的先行詞)
（3）用在強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中
為了強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的某一成分（通常是主語、賓語或狀語），常用“It is(was) +被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分+that（或who）……”結(jié)構(gòu)。 eg:
I met Tom in the street yesterday. 我昨天在街上遇見了湯姆。
It was I who met Tom in the street yesterday..是我昨天在街上遇見湯姆的。
It was Tom that I met in the street yesterday.昨天我在街上遇見的是湯姆。
It was in the street that I met Tom yesterday.我昨天是在街上遇見湯姆的。
It was yesterday that I met Tom in the street.我是昨天在街上遇見湯姆的。
注：如果去掉“It is (was) ……”這一結(jié)構(gòu)，將被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分放回原句，其句子仍然成立。 eg:
Where is it that we shall park our car?我們把車停在哪？
（去掉is it that，原句還原成:Where shall we park our car?）
3.幾種易混句型：
(1) ①It was four years since I had left the school.我畢業(yè)4年了。
②It was four years that the war lasted.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)持續(xù)了4年。
注：①since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語，不能用that替代；
②強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)了時(shí)間狀語。
(2) ①Was it 1949 when our town was liberated?
我們鎮(zhèn)解放的時(shí)間是1949年嗎？
②Was it in 1949 that our town was liberated?
我們鎮(zhèn)是在1949年解放的嗎？
注：①It指時(shí)間，when在從句中作狀語，不能由that充當(dāng)；
②強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。
(3) ①It is (about, high) time that you closed your store.
到你關(guān)閉商店的時(shí)候了。
②It is the first time that I have been to the Great Wall.
這是我第一次去長(zhǎng)城。
注：①虛擬語氣句型，從句謂語動(dòng)詞要用過去式表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬；
②that習(xí)慣用法，不能用when代替。
(4) ①It is a pity that Tom has lost the game.很遺憾，湯姆比賽失敗了。
②It is Tom that has lost the game.是湯姆比賽失敗了。
注：①It作形式主語；②It引導(dǎo)詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。
二、單元語法知識(shí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)（50分，35分鐘）
（一）單項(xiàng)選擇（每小題1分，共10分）
1. Was __________ that I came across last night at the concert?
A. it you B. not you C. you D. that yourself
2.-What did Vicky think of your decision?
-She __________ to believe that I meant it.
A. found that impossible B. found impossible
C. found which impossible D. found it impossible
3. Does __________ matter if he can’t finish the job on time?
A. this B. that C. he D. it
4. I hate __________ when people smoke in public places.
A. it B. that C. these D. them
5. It will not be long __________ we finish school.
A. when B. until C. before D. since
6.“It’s a long time since I enjoyed myself.”This sentence means __________ .
A. I enjoyed myself for a long time B. I haven’t enjoyed myself
C. I want to enjoy myself D. What a long time after enjoyed myself
7. Was it __________ he said or something that he did __________ made her cry so sadly?
A. that; which B. what; that C. that; what D. what; which
8. It __________ long before China __________ on the moon.
A. will not be; will land B. is; will land
C. will not be; lands D. is; lands
9. I just don’t understand __________ that prevents so many rich people from being as happy as one might expect.
A. why it does B. what it does C. what it is D. why it is
10.-Where did you find Mr Brown?
-It was in the factory __________ he paid a visit yesterday.
A. to which B. that C. which D. to where
（二）單句改錯(cuò)（每小題1分，共5分）
1. Was it with my friend Mary who you went to the theatre the day before yesterday? __________
2. As monitor of the class, he finds his duty to help others when they are in trouble. __________
3. Last night, I took a taxi, and which took me straight home. __________
4. They think this important that drinking water must be cleaned. __________
5. There was a pity that you couldn’t be here for the play. __________
（三）完形填空（每小題1.5分，共30分）
The Dear Old Lady-that is what the people of Pisa call the tower-needs help.
Three million people visit Pisa each year. That’s a lot of people. Why do they come to this town
___1___? To see a tower. A look at the picture will ___2___ you why. The crazy tower leans! It is known to us all as the Leaning Tower of Pisa.
The tower looks as if it might ___3___ at any time. In fact, some visitors stop at the tower just long enough to take a picture. Then they hurry away.___4___ visitors climb the 294 steps to the top and come down,___5___ heroes.
Engineers say that the visitors are ___6___ -at least for a while. But the tower does lean. It leans aside 14 feet 10 inches at the present time. The tower has leaned for 800 years. And every year it leans a big more. If this keeps on, the tower ___7___ fall.
You may wonder what makes the tower lean. If you look at the picture, you will see that one side of the tower is deeper in the earth than ___8___ other. The foundation on ___9___ the tower rests has sunk into the soil on the leaning side. Why does this happen?
Pisa’s tower ___10___ 14,500 tons. The soil of the town is a mixture of a clay and sand and water. A heavy tower ___11___ on soil like this must have a very strong foundation. The leaning Tower’s foundation is just not deep or wide enough for the tower ___12___ on it.
Can nothing be done about the tower?
___13___, Italian engineers have several plans. They don’t want to make the tower straight-just keep it from leaning any further. So all the plans call for a new foundation that won’t sink.
But a new foundation can’t be built ___14___ the tower is resting on the old one. The tower must be ___15___ with jacks（千斤頂）. They would be like jacks we use to raise cars when changing a tyre. Only these jacks would be giant ones. One plan calls for 15 of them to be placed __16___ the tower. Each of the giant jacks would be on its own foundation. And each of them could lift 1,000 tons. The 15 jacks would raise the 14,500 ton tower and hold it up while the new foundation ___17___.
The Italian engineers are ___18___ the best plan to save the tower. They know that any plan takes a lot of money. They are trying to ___19___ the money from the Italian government. But many Italians refuse to believe that the old tower is ___20___.“It leans and leans and leans,”they say,“But it will never fall down.”
1.A. in Greece B. in India C. in Belgium D. in Italy
2.A. say B. speak C. tell D. judge
3.A. sink B. fall C. drop D. break
4.A. Another B. The other C. Others D. Other
5.A. feeling B. feeling like C. to feel D. feel like
6.A. saved B. save C. safe D. safety
7.A. will B. shall C. do D. can
8.A. / B. the C. an D. a
9.A. where B. which C. that D. it
10.A. weighs B. weights C. weigh D. weighty
11.A. to be built B. building C. built D. build
12.A. standing B. stand C. stands D. to stand
13.A. Yes B. No C. OK D. Not
14.A. during B. while C. and D. for
15.A. hanged B. lift C. raised D. rose
16.A. under B. below C. around D. about
17.A. is building B. is built C. being built D. is being built
18.A. searching B. researching C. searching for D. finding
19.A. get B. receive C. accept D. make
20.A. in need B. in trouble C. in danger D. in fact
（四）高考題（每小題1分，共5分）
1. It was about 600 years ago __________ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.（1997，全國(guó)，1分）
A. that B. until C. before D. when
2. It was only when I reread his poems recently __________ I began to appreciate their beauty.
（1998，全國(guó)，1分）
A. until B. that C. then D. so
3. You should make it a rule to leave things __________ you can find them again.
（1999，全國(guó)，1分）
A. when B. where C. then D. there
4.__________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
（2001，春季，1分）
A. It B. As C. That D. What
5. It was evening __________ we reached the little town of Winchester.（2004，天津，1分）
A. that B. until C. since D. before
一、聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）
第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）
聽下面5段對(duì)話，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)
1. What does the man mean?
A. He will meet his boss. B. He will have to work late.
C. He won’t work late.
2. In which provinces is coffee grown in China?
A. Hunan and Yunnan. B. Hainan and Hunan. C. Hainan and Yunnan.
3. Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. In a hospital. B. In a restaurant. C. In library.
4. What is the possible relationship between the two speakers?
A. Teacher and student. B. Customer and assistant. C. Boss and employee.
5. Why is the man going to the States?
A. His company is holding an exhibition in the States.
B. His company is going to show computers at an exhibition in the States.
C. He is going sightseeing in the States.
第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題2分，滿分20分）
聽下面3段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)
聽第6段材料，回答第6～8題
6. Why is the woman not sure that she will go to college?
A. Her grades are too bad. B. Her parents wish her to be a pianist.
C. She doesn’t like to study.
7. What does the man like doing?
A. Playing the violin. B. Playing the piano. C. Dancing.
8. What does the woman think of the man’s idea?
A. It is good. B. It is strange. C. It is foolish.
聽第7段材料，回答第9～11題
9. Who sent a new camera to the man?
A. His mother. B. His uncle C. His sister.
10. What did the man’s sister give him as a birthday present?
A. A blue tie. B. A wonderful picture. C. A new suit.
11. Where does Uncle Robert live?
A. In the man’s home. B. In New York. C. In the countryside.
聽第8段材料，回答第12～15題
12. In the past how did you have to dress?
A. As you liked. B. Like everyone else around.
C. According to your looks.
13. What does the speaker think of appearance?
A. Nothing important. B. Very important.
C. More important than anything else.
14. What can we know from the passage?
A. Wearing jeans for a job interview is wise.
B. Doing your hair as you like now is foolish.
C. Jeans and sweaters seem very popular now.
15. What does the speaker imply in the passage?
A. Different place, different appearance.
B. The same appearance, though in different place.
C. Always in the latest fashion.
二、單項(xiàng)選擇（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）
1.__________ is really a good news to us is __________ we will see an exciting film instead of taking part in an exam.
A. It; that B. What; how C. It; how D. What; that
2. There are two buildings,__________ stands nearly a hundred feet high.（2004，湖北，1分）
A. the larger B. the larger of them
C. the larger one that D. the larger of which
3. There was __________ time __________ I hated to go to school.（2004，湖北，1分）
A. a; that B. a; when C. the; that D. the; when
4.-I saw Mr Smith at Beijing West Station this morning.
-You __________. He is still on holiday in Hawaii.
A. cannot have seen him B. can have seen him
C. mustn’t have seen him D. must have seen him
5. I wonder if __________ is possible for us to find out the real reason __________ he looks so upset.
A. it; why B. there; why C. it; when D. there; that
6.-I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday.
-Oh, how nice! Do you know when she __________?（2004，湖南，1分）
A. was leaving B. had left C. has left D. left
7. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars __________ road conditions need __________ .（2004，上海，1分）
A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved
C. where; improving D. when; improving
8. It is __________ any wonder that his friend doesn’t like watching television much.
（2004，廣東，1分）
A. no B. such C. nearly D. hardly
9. The building beyond the river is a gym,__________ is a large square, where all kinds of concerts are usually held.
A. in the south of which B. where
C. to the south of it D. south of which
10. Personally, I think it is the sales manager, rather than the salesgirls,__________ to blame.
A. is B. that is C. are D. who are
11.-I can’t find Mr Brown. Where did you meet him this morning?
-It was in the hotel __________ he stayed.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
12. He must be a teacher,__________ ?
A. isn’t he B. mustn’t he C. doesn’t he D. needn’t he
13. He was said __________ to the dancing party.
A. to be prevented from go B. to be kept going
C. to be stopped from going D. to be prevent going
14. She __________ to be good at playing __________ piano.
A. says; the B. is saying; / C. is said; the D. said; /
15.__________ is a good idea to keep quiet about the problem.
A That B. How C. What D. It
三、完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）
As I ___1___ my way to and from work, I often see a strange ___2___ in the streets or on buses there are pupils with heavy school bags ___3___ their shoulders holding books in their hands and ___4___ to read them whenever they can.
They seem to be deeply interested in the books.___5___ surprises me, however, is that the books they love to read are neither the ones about scientific knowledge ___6___ about culture and art.
The pupils ___7___ read these books at school or at home for fear of ___8___ by their teachers or parents. But they ___9___ do this on their way to school or home. When they finish one book, they ___10___ it for a new one with their classmates or friends.
___11___ telling stories of Chinese Wushu fighting,___12___ of such novels tell love stories which school children are really too young ___13___ .
I am ___14___ about this and hope that parents and teachers will ___15___ attention to the problem and join hands to force the young boys and girls ___16___ reading these novels.
Departments ___17___ in society should control the circulation of bad reading ___18___ and, in the meantime, provide ___19___ with ___20___ and more suitable books.
1. A. pick B. go C. make D. shoulder
2. A. story B. thing C. student D. book
3. A. by B. in C. over D. under
4. A. trying B. to try C. try D. tries
5. A. That B. How C. What D. Which
6. A. nor B. or C. so D. either
7. A. usually B. seldom C. always D. often
8. A. being praised B. being punished C. praised D. punishing
9. A. try to B. manage to C. want to D. hope to
10. A. give B. change C. lend D. borrow
11. A. Except B. Accept C. Besides D. Beside
12. A. mostly B. at most C. most D. at the most
13. A. read B. to read C. can’t read D. reading
14. A. worried B. worriedly C. worry D. worrying
15. A. pay B. put up C. notice D. stand
16. A. not to stop B. stopping C. to stop D. stop
17. A. interested B. concerned C. deal with D. connected
18. A. materials B. matter C. texts D. method
19. A. college students B. grown-ups C. pupils D. senior students
20. A. many more interested B. much more interest
C. more interesting D. much interesting
四、閱讀理解（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）
A
THE BRONTE FAMILY
(2004,全國(guó))
Yorkshire, England was the setting for two great novels（小說）of the 19th century. These were Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre and Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights. The youngest sister, Anne, was also a gifted novelist, and her books have the same extraordinary quality as her sisters’.
Their father was Patrick Bronte, born in Ireland. He moved with his wife, Maria Bronte, and their six small children to Haworth in Yorkshire in 1820. Soon after, Mrs Bronte and the two eldest children died, leaving the father to care for the remaining three girls and a boy.
Charlotte was born in 1816. Emily was born in 1818 and Anne in 1820. Their brother Branwell was born in 1817. Left to themselves, the children wrote and told stories and walked over the hills. They grew up largely self-educated. Branwell showed a great interest in drawing. The girls were determined to earn money for his art education. They took positions as teachers or taught children in their homes.
As children they had all written many stories. Charlotte, as a young girl, alone wrote 22 books, each with 60 to 100 pages of small handwriting. Therefore, they turned to writing for income. By 1847, Charlotte had written The Professor; Emily, Wuthering Heights; and Anne, Agnes Grey. After much difficulty Anne and Emily found a publisher（出版商）,but there was no interest shown in Charlotte’s book.(It was not published until 1859.) However, one publisher expressed an interest in seeing more of her work. Jane Eyre was already started, and she hurriedly finished it. It was accepted at once; thus each of the sisters had a book published in 1847.
Jane Eyre was immediately successful; the other two, however, did not do so well. People did not like Wuthering Heights. They said it was too wild, too animallike. But gradually it came to be considered one of the finest novels in the English language. Emily lived only a short while after the publication of her book, and Anne died in 1849.
Charlotte published Shirley in 1849, and Villette in 1853. In 1854 she married Arthur Bell Nicholls. But only a year later, she died of tuberculosis（肺結(jié)核）as her sisters had.
1. What did the Bronte sisters want to do for Branwell Bronte?
A. Help him write stories. B. Help him get trained in art.
C. Teach him how to draw well. D. Teach him how to educate himself.
2. We know from the text that __________ .
A. Jane Eyre was published in 1847
B. Charlotte Bronte wrote 22 books in all
C. the Bronte sisters received good education
D. Patrick Bronte helped his daughters with their writing
3. Which of the following was published after the death of its writer?
A. Shirley. B. Villette. C. Agnes Grey. D.The Professor.
4. The underlined words“the other two”in the 5th paragraph refers to __________ .
A. Shirley and Villette
B. The Professor and Agnes Grey
C. Agnes Grey and Wuthering Heights
D. The Professor and Wuthering Heights
5. What do we know about the Bronte sisters from the text?
A. Their novels interested few publishers.
B. None of them had more than two books published.
C. None of them lived longer than 40 years old.
D. Emily was the least successful of the three.
B
Machines in the home have a short history. Sewing machines, washing machines and tumble dries are common enough today, but a hundred years ago few people could even imagine such things. However, inventors have designed and built a wide range of household machines since then. In most cases the inventor tried to patent（申請(qǐng)專利）his machine, to stop anyone copying it. Then he tried to produce a lot of them. If the machine became popular, the inventor could make a lot of money.
In 1790 the first sewing machine was patented. The inventor was an Englishman called Thomas Saint. There was nothing to match his machine for forty years, and then someone built a similar device. He was a Frenchman, Bartelemy Thimonier. Neither of these early machines worked very well, however. It wasn’t until 1846 that an inventor came up with a really efficient（高效的）sewing machine. He was an American, Elias Howe and his machine was good enough to beat five skilled sewing women. He didn’t make much money from it, however. The first commercially（商業(yè)的）successful sewing machine was patented by Isaac Singer five years later.
Today, we take washing machines for granted, but there was none before 1869. The revolving drum（旋轉(zhuǎn)桶）of that first machine set a pattern for the future, but it was crude by today’s standards. The drum was turned by hand, and needed a lot of effort. Eight years passed before someone produced an electric washing machine. The world had to wait even longer for a machine to dry clothes. The first spin-drier was another American invention, patented in 1924; but it was 20 years before such machines were widely used.
It was yet another American, called Bissell, who introduced the carpet sweeper. He patented the original machine back in 1876. It didn’t pick up dirt very well, but it was quicker than a dustpan and brush. Thirty-six years later, even the carpet sweeper was old-fashioned: modern homes now have a vacuum cleaner（吸塵器）with an electric motor to such the dust.
6. Inventors patent the inventions so as to __________ .
A. produce more machines B. avoid being copied by others
C. make the inventions more popular D. make more money
7. Whose sewing machine could do the work that was done by five skilled sewing women?
A. Thomas Saint’s. B. Bartelemy Thimonier’s.
C. Isaac Singer’s. D. Elias Howe’s.
8. According to the article, modern inventors __________ .
A. follow the pattern of the first revolving drum but improve it much
B. only imitate the first washing machine
C. power the first ever-made washing machine by electricity
D. have to wait for the first spin-drier for a long time
9. The word“crude”in the sentence“but it was crude by today’s standards”probably means __________ .
A. useless B. ugly-looking C. rough D. not skillfully made
10. The article mainly tells us about __________ .
A. the great inventors in the world
B. the important inventions in the world
C. the short history of household machines
D. the importance of the machines used in
C
We know that many animals do not stay in one place. Birds, fish and other animals move from one place to another at a certain time. They move for different reasons: most of them move to find food more easily, but others move to get away from places that are too crowded.
When cold weather comes, many birds move to warmer places to find food. Some fishes give birth in warm water and move to cold water to feed. The most famous migration（遷移）is probably the migration of the fish, which is called“salmon”. This fish is born in fresh water but it travels many miles to salt water. There it spends its life. When it is old, it returns to its birthplace in fresh water. Then it gives birth and dies there. In northern Europe, there is a kind of mouse. Then it gives birth and dies there. In n