知識記憶
§2.1知識網絡
1. ability n.能力；才能；才智
I doubt his ability to do the job.
我認為他沒有做這項工作的能力。
She has the ability to speak English fluently.
她能流利地說英語。
Alice is a woman of great ability.
艾麗絲是個很有才能的婦女。
Writing a novel is beyond my abilities.
寫長篇小說非我才能所及。
2. guidance n.指引；引導
I need guidance on this matter.
這件事我需要有人指導。
I need some guidance with my studies.
我需要有人指導我的學習。
Under his guidance I managed to solve the problem.
在他的指導下，我設法解決了那個問題。
I learned how to ski under his guidance.
我在他的指導下學習滑雪。
3. sympathy n.同情；同感；贊同
If this is true I can only give you all my sympathy.
如果這是真的，我只能向你表示同情。
When her husband died,she received manyletters of sympathy.
她丈夫去世后，她收到了很多慰問信。
have/feel sympathy for/with sb.同情某人
They don’t feel much sympathy for me.
他們不大同情我。
He has no sympathy with them in their suffering.
他不同情他們的苦難。
in/with sympathy同情地
He patted me on the shoulder in sympathy.
他同情地拍了拍我的肩膀。
She looked at the poor kids with sympathy.
她同情地看著那些可憐的孩子。
be in sympathy with贊同，同……一致
On that point I’m in sympathy with him.
在這一點上我同他一致。
They are in sympathy with your views.
他們贊同你的觀點。
4. encouragement n.鼓勵；促進；贊助
He received a lot of encouragement from his teacher.
他的老師給了他很多鼓勵。
All she needs is some encouragement.
她所需要的就是一些鼓勵的話。
With the encouragement from his father,he went abroad.
在他父親的鼓勵下，他去了國外。
He gave me great encouragement to writ enovels.
他給了我很大的鼓勵去寫小說。
Their interest in my writing is a great encouragement to me.
他們對我的文章感興趣對我是很大的鼓勵。
encourage vt.鼓勵；激勵
We encouraged our baseball team with loud cheers.
我們大聲歡呼來鼓勵我們的棒球隊。
encourage sb.to do sth.“鼓勵某人做某事”
The teacher encouraged me to study abroad.
老師鼓勵我們去國外學習。
My success encouraged me to continue.
我的成功鼓勵我堅持下去。
encourage sb.in“鼓勵/助長某人的……”
All the family encouraged the boy in his efforts to become a doctor.
全家人都鼓勵這個孩子努力成為醫生。
Don’t encourage him in his idle ways.
不可助長他懶惰成性。
5. impair vt.損害；損傷；削弱
Poor food impaired his health.
營養不足損害了他的健康。
The accident impaired his vision.
意外事故損傷了他的視力。
His work is impaired by stupid mistakes.
他的工作因愚蠢的錯誤而受損。
6.adjust vi.適應
adjust (oneself) to適應于
She soon adjusted (herself) to his way of life.
她很快適應了他的生活方式。
The body quickly adjusts itself to changes of temperature.
身體能很快自行調節以適應溫度的變化。
You must adjust yourself to new circumstances.
你必須使自己適應新環境。
My eyes haven’t adjusted to the dark yet.
我的眼睛還沒有適應黑暗。
adjust vt.調整；調節
You can adjust this desk to the height of any child.
這桌子可以調整以適應任何小孩的身高。
I have the brakes of my bicycle adjusted.
我請人調整自行車的車閘。
Will you adjust this clock? It’s slow.
這個時鐘慢了，請你調一下好嗎？
7. victory n.勝利，戰勝
He has no chance of victory.
他沒有獲勝的機會。
Our team got the championship by 8 victories and 2 defeats.
我們球隊以8勝2負的成績獲得冠軍。
The game ended in a victory for our school.
比賽以我們學校獲勝而結束。
注：victory常與介詞over連用，意為“勝過某人”。
He thought he had scored a victory over James.
他認為他勝過了詹姆斯。
She won a narrow victory over her great rival in the tennis competition.
她在那次網球賽中險勝了她的強大對手。
He gained victory over the other candidates in the election.
他在那次選舉中勝過其他候選人。
8. participate vi.參與；參加
Eighty-seven countries are expected to participate.
預計有87個國家參加。
participate in參與；參加
They actively participate in local politics.
他們積極參與當地政治。
Everyone can participate in this game.
人人都可以參加這個游戲。
Did you participate in that discussion?
你參加那次討論了嗎？
9. public adj.公眾的；公共的
a public holiday節日，公共假日
a public phone公用電話
a public school公立學校
Don’t be so noisy;this is a public place.
請不要吵鬧，這是公共場所。
make public公開；公布
The new economic policy will be made public early next week.
新經濟政策將在下周初公布。
I don’t care to make this affair public.
我不介意將這事公之于眾。
the public公眾；群眾；大眾
Is the art museum open to the public?
這個藝術博物館對公眾開放嗎？
In general,the public is/are against the new law.
總的來說，公眾反對這項新法律。
in public公開地；在大眾面前
He doesn’t like to speak in public.
他不喜歡在公開場合講話。
She hardly loses her temper in public.
她很少在公眾面前發脾氣。
10. accessible adj.可以使用的；可以得到的；能進入的
The village is not accessible by car.
那個村子汽車無法抵達。
A telephone is put where it will be accessible.
電話要放在容易拿到的地方。
be accessible to sb.某人容易得到、了解、親近
These documents are not accessible to the public.
這些文件是大眾無法得到的。
This book is easily accessible to the young reader.
這本書是年輕讀者容易懂的。
Our principal is accessible to the students.
我們校長容易和學生親近。
§2.2發散思維
1. assist vt.援助；幫助
assist sb.with sth.幫助某人做某事
Two students assisted me with the experiment.
兩個學生幫助我做這個實驗。
She employed a woman to assist her with the housework.
她雇了一位婦女，幫她做家務。
assist sb.in doing sth.幫助某人做某事
He assisted my father in cleaning the car.
他幫我的父親清洗汽車。
She asked us to assist her in carrying out the plan.
她請我們幫她實施那項計劃。
assist sb.to do sth.幫助某人做某事
He assisted us to establish a new company.
他幫助我們成立了一家新公司。
A good dictionary will assist you to understand English.
好詞典會幫助你理解英文。
assist in (doing) sth.幫助做某事
My father assisted in building our new house.
我父親幫助我們蓋新房子。
He thought he had a duty to assist in this movement.
他認為他有責任幫助這次活動。
2. sense n.感覺，意識；明智；常識；神智；意義
The five senses are sight,hearing,smell,taste,and touch.
五種感官是視覺、聽覺、嗅覺、味覺和觸覺。
She has a poor sense of direction.
她的方向感很差。
His speech left me with the sense that we would never be friends.
聽他說話讓我感到我和他絕對無法作朋友。
The old man has a good sense of humour.
那老人很幽默。
I have no sense of business.
我沒有經商意識。
He is a man of good sense.
他是個通情達理的人。
She lost her senses when she heard the news.
她聽到那消息后便昏了過去。
there is no sense (in) doing sth.做某事沒有意義
I don’t think there is much sense in hanging about here.
我認為在此閑逛是沒意義的。
There was no sense in making a child suffer like that.
讓一個孩子受那樣的罪是沒有道理的。
make sense講得通，有意義，能被理解；有道理，明智
No matter how you read it,this sentence doesn’t make (any) sense.
不管你怎么讀，這個句子都講不通。
It makes good sense to take care of your health.
照料好你的身體是很明智的。
Does it make sense to let little children play with matches?
讓小孩子玩火柴明智嗎？