知識記憶
§2.1知識網絡
1.collision n.碰撞，沖突
a head-on collision正面沖突或相撞
He was killed in a car collision.
他在一次汽車相撞中死亡。
His car had a collision with a bus.
他的車與公交車相撞了。
A collision with Parliament could ruin the government’s plans.
與議會的沖突可能會破壞政府的計劃。
be in collision (with)/come into collision (with)(與……)沖突，相撞，發生矛盾
The two ships came into collision.
那兩只船相撞了。
People with revolutionary ideas may find themselves in collision with the forces of the law.
想革命的人會發現他們自己與法律的勢力水火不相容。
2.permanent adj.永久的，固定的，長期不變的
permanent peace 長久的和平
a permanent job 固定的職業
The drug may cause permanent brain damage.
這種藥可能會引起永久性的腦部傷害。
This is my permanent address.
這是我的固定居所。
After doing odd jobs for a week, he got a permanent job.
做了一個星期的零工后，他找到了一份固定工作。
3.voyage n.航海，航行
The ship set out on a long voyage.
那艘船出發進行長途航行。
The voyage to England took seven days.
這次去英國的航行時間是七天。
We made a voyage to Australia.
我們航行到了澳大利亞。
He is now on the voyage home.
他正在返航途中。
David went on a voyage around the world.
大衛作了環游世界的航行。
When I give up work I shall make/take a long sea voyage.
我離職后要作一次長途航海旅行。
4.aboard adv.在船(飛機、車)上，上船，上飛機
All aboard!各位請上船(飛機、車)!
Welcome aboard!歡迎大家乘船(飛機、車)!
All 257 aboard died in the airliner crash.
那次飛機失事中，機上的257名乘客全部遇難。
We got aboard though the boat was crowded.
雖然船上很擁擠，我們還是上了船。
He came running along and climbed aboard just as the train was to pull out.
就在火車即將開動時，他跑過來了并爬上了火車。
5.gentle adj.溫和的，溫柔的，有禮貌的，文雅的
Mothers are always gentle with their children.
母親對待孩子總是溫柔體貼。
My new teacher is both gentle and encouraging toward me.
我的新老師對我既溫和又鼓勵。
Mary is very gentle; she never talks roughly.
瑪麗很文雅，她從來不說粗話。
She was small, and gentle in her voice and movements.
她小巧玲瓏，聲音溫柔，動作文雅。
She gave the baby a gentle pat on the back.
她在小孩的背上輕輕地拍了一下。
6.throw light on/upon使……顯得非常清楚
The modern scientific development has thrown light on this question.
現代科學的發展已使這個問題明朗化。
Can you throw any light on the problem?
你能把這個問題闡述清楚嗎？
The information throws light upon the mystery of Dr Bake.
這個信息可以解開貝克醫生之迷。
7.matter n.事情，問題[C]；物質，內容[U]
a private matter 私事
the matter under discussion 討論中的問題
Political matters interest him greatly.
他對政治問題深感興趣。
It’s no laughing matter.
這不是開玩笑的事。
The world is made up of matter.
世界是由物質組成的。
Matter exists in three states: solid, liquid and gas.
物質以三種形態存在，即固體、液體和氣體。
The matter in your essay is excellent.
你文章的內容寫得很好。
8.phenomena n.[pl.]現象，奇跡(單數形式是phenomenon)
Rain and snow are phenomena of the weather.
下雨和下雪是天氣現象。
The phenomena were observed by astronomers throughout the world.
全世界的天文學家都觀測到了這種現象。
That’s a natural phenomenon.
那是一種自然現象。
An eclipse is an interesting phenomenon.
日食是很有趣的現象。
Beethoven was a phenomenon among musicians.
貝多芬是音樂家中的奇才。
A child who can play the piano at the age of two would be called a phenomenon.
兩歲就能彈鋼琴的小孩可稱為奇才。
9.labour n.努力；勞動，勞動果實
mental labour 腦力勞動
physical labour 體力勞動
Workers are paid for their labour.
工人以勞動獲得報酬。
His new book is the product of some three years’ labour.
這本新書是他大約三年努力的成果。
It is labour to read the Bible through.
讀完圣經是件相當吃力的工作。
10.hesitate vi.猶豫，遲疑，躊躇
She hesitated before picking up the phone.
她在拿起聽筒前猶豫了一下。
She’s still hesitating about sending her son to college.
她對于要不要送兒子進大學一事仍然猶豫不決。
We seldom hesitate about where to stay in Paris.
去巴黎要住哪兒，我們很少有拿不定主意的情況。
Don’t hesitate to tell me if you have any requests.
如果你有什么要求，請告訴我，不要猶豫。
I hesitate to ask you, but will you recommend me for the post?
向你提要求真不好意思，請你推薦我去擔任那項職務好嗎？
hesitation n.猶豫，躊躇
without hesitation毫不猶豫
I had no hesitation in telling the truth.
我毫不遲疑地說出了實情。
§2.2發散思維
1.distance n.距離
當詢問距離是多少時，要用what提問。
What’s the distance to London?
到倫敦的距離是多少？
distance的修飾語常用some,good,great,long,short等。
It’s a good distance away.
離得很遠。
The villagers have to walk a long distance to get water.
村民們要走很遠去取水。
distance常構成下列短語：
within walking distance“在步行可及的地方，幾步之遙”
The park is within (easy) walking distance of my house.
公園離我家只有幾步之遙。
My parents live within walking distance of me.
我父母住在我家附近。
at/from a distance (of)“從遠處”
This picture looks better at a distance.
從遠處看，這張畫更好看。
Now and then he stepped back to look at his work from a distance.
他不時地退后幾步從遠處看一看他的作品。
One can see the ancient ruins at/from a distance of 20 miles.
人們從20英里之處就能看到這個古跡。
in the distance“在遠處，遠方的”
A ship could be seen in the distance.
可以看到遠方有一艘船。
I made out three figures moving in the distance.
我看到遠處有三個黑影在活動。
keep sb.at a distance “與某人保持一段距離，不很親密”
Mr.Smith is kind to the workers in his store, but after work he keeps them at a distance.
史密斯先生對他商店的工人很好，但下班后卻與他們不很親密。
It was difficult to get to know her because she always kept everyone at a distance.
很難搞懂她，因為她總是與人保持一定的距離。
2.attention n.注意力，注意，留心，關心
It is difficult to hold the students’ attention for more than an hour.
要讓學生們持續集中注意力達一個小時以上，真是很難。
This matter requires our close attention.
這件事我們必須密切注意。
He drew attention to the rising unemployment.
失業率日漸升高引起了他的注意。
We listened with attention to what he said.
我們傾聽他所說的話。
My grandfather is over eighty and needs a lot of attention.
我的祖父年過八十，需要經常照顧。
The patient needed immediate attention.
這位病人需要立即治療。
常構成的短語：
pay/give attention to 注意
attract/catch/draw/get one’s attention 吸引某人的注意
focus one’s attention on 集中注意力于
devote one’s attention to 專心于
turn one’s attention to 將注意力轉向