洞頭縣第一中學 林 琳
一. 教材分析
㈠. 教學內容
本單元的中心話題是 “美國” ,課文圍繞 “美國南部” 及 “美洲平原上的野牛” 展開, 讓人感受美國的變遷過程. 本單元有助于培養學生跨文化交際意識,進一步拓寬視野,為終身學習奠定良好的基礎.
“熱身”(Warming up)部分, 給我們提供了三幅畫面,有利于我們從宏觀上和微觀上把握美國地理特征.練習題引導學生從美國的歷史淵源,經濟等方面認識美國,有利于學生的探究學習.
“聽力”(Listening) 部分設置了三個練習,由淺到深,層層深入. 練習1不僅有利于我們了解紐約市,而且有利于培養學生在聽力中快速捕捉信息的能力. 練習2 和3有助于學生了解美國的背景知識,豐富學生的文化內涵.
“口語”(Speaking)部分要求學生根據提示描述一個場所.題目設置貼近學生生活. 教師除了課本所提示的說明處,還可以引導學生描述自己的學校.
“讀前”(Pre-reading) 部分設計了兩個練習.練習1要求學生列一份自己家鄉的年表,并列出重要的事件以及變化過程,討論其前因后果. 練習2 要求學生在年表上填寫美國歷史上發生的五件大事, 這有利于訓練學生的邏輯思維能力,為閱讀有關美國歷史的課文做準備.
“閱讀”(Reading)部分 “美國南部” (The American South), 介紹了南部------一部充滿災難的歷史, 同時也是一部充滿成功與希望的歷史.文章重點介紹了美國南部佐治亞亞特蘭大市自內戰以來的發展和變化. 著重闡述了反對種族隔離制度斗爭的美國民權運動, 及其杰出的領袖馬丁.路德.金的斗爭精神. 通過閱讀這篇文章可以了解,美國是個多民族的多元文化國家. 由于文章涉及美國歷史的變化, 城市的發展, 需要對比的手法描寫, 本篇文章可稱得上是一篇對比性寫作的范文.
“讀后”(Post-reading)部分練習1有利于學生通過實例來闡明觀點. 練習2 要求學生進行兩人小組討論或者多人小組討論, 題目強調了語篇意識,設置層次性強,有利于培養學生的思辨能力.
“語言學習”(Language Study)部分包含詞匯和語法兩部份. 詞匯學習涉及構詞法知識,設計新穎,看似簡單,其實靈活, 有助于學生留意某些詞加后綴時意義的變化, 有利于避免負遷移. 語法練習2考察學生在語篇中使用非限定動詞的能力, 注重學生綜合素質的提高.
“綜合技能”(Integrating Skills)部分包含閱讀和寫作. 通過閱讀 “美洲平原上的野牛” , 人們了解了美國歷史上大規模屠宰野牛,破壞美洲草原生物鏈的教訓. 寫作部分要求學生寫一封電子郵件, 幫助美國學生了解中國.這就需要學生在理解教材的基礎上,從面積,人口,語言,民族,重要城市等方面比較美國于中國的區別.這項任務有利于提高學生的語言運用能力.特別是語言概括能力.
“學習建議”(Tips)部分指導要求學生開展寫對比分析文章,以及學生寫作時要注意的相關事項.
“復習要點”(Check points) 通過練習引導學生對非限定動詞作一次小結,并對要求學生對描述處所的詞匯進行一次小結,有利于培養學生的自學能力.
㈡. 教學目標
1． 語言知識
詞匯：entry mental physical suffering greedy trader unemployment unrest sacrifice reconstruction former funeral dawn overcome insist plain resist chief afterwards widespread rot wildlife supply chain willing in vain take a chance leave alone insist on put on on sale in turn
語法：復習非限定動詞
I don’t mind his being invited.
He hate being laughing at
She enjoys being interviewed.
It is important for lost time to be made up.
功能：描繪場所
What does your hometown look like ?
What does the landscape look like ?
Are there ? There is in the north.
How long/wide/high/tall is the….?
It’s .. metres / feet long /wide/high/tall.
It looks like …….
2． 語言技能
聽：聽兩段有關NY的短文，捕捉信息，改正錯
說：用恰當的語言描述一個地方
讀：掌握skimming scanning generalization taking notes 等微閱讀技能。能欣賞對比性寫作的文章
寫：采用對比性手法寫一段文章。
㈢. 教學重點和難點
重點：課文中出現的重要單詞和詞組的用法如：
insist on / leave alone / supply / be determined to do / be forced to do/resist
非謂語形式的用法
難點：采用對比性手法寫作
非謂語形式用作定語的區別
二．課時安排和教學思路
本單元的中心話題是美國。我們將本單元的學習設計成從美國的東部經南部到西部的一次文化旅行。從美國的概況，東部城市（紐約和 Ellis Island），南部城市（Atlanta），和西部大草原（bison）來了解美國， 感受美國的變遷過程。。
Period 1 Warming up &speaking
本節課從一個“猜猜她是哪個國家”的游戲導入。接著通過美國地圖和一張表格來了解她的概況。然后是一組圖片（包括著名的城市和人物），目的是為聽力和閱讀做鋪墊，降低難度。再做一個對錯小測試，增加學生對美國的了解。根據游戲的做法進入口語部分。要求學生寫一小段文字描述一個場所，用上useful expression, 讓其他學生猜猜是哪里。在寫之前先造句，掌握常用句型Are there…? There is …..in the north ..。It is ….metres/ feet long/wide/ high/tall…. It looks like …..
Period 2 Listening &Reading
本節課的中心話題是東部城市紐約和 Ellis Island，通過聽力和閱讀兩個環節完成。先從圖片引出紐約城，進入聽力。她是美國甚至世界重要的城市，有必要增加一些信息量所以要求學生再閱讀一段短文（從高三閱讀文章中摘出3小段），增加信息量。通過幾個對錯判斷來檢查學生的理解程度。
Period 3&4 Reading
首先播放兩小段視頻。一是描述美國南部過去災難和戰爭的《飄》，另一個是展現Atlanta的現代與富裕。兩者形成鮮明對比，自然導入本節課的學習內容。Skimming通過回答問題了解文章的篇章結構和中心內容。Scanning細節理解，主要是通過完成表格，來對比Atlanta的今天和昨天，突出文章重點(明白Atlanta為什么是典型的南部城市及她又克服了哪些困難才成為一個現代的大都市)及對比性寫作的特點。聽完課文錄音后，要求學生完成一個任務設計，編一段對話。。假設你是一個歷史系的學生來到Atlanta旅行，你的筆友帶你參觀Atlanta，你們一起討論Atlanta的過去和現在。通過對話編寫來檢查學生對課文的理解掌握，復習所學的內容。最后拓展思維，不同文化背景的人生活在一個城市里，有何好處和不利之處。
Period 5 Language study
由聽寫導入復習部分詞匯。然后復習構詞法。接著是復習非謂語的被動形式。最后通過選擇題全面檢查學生對這語法項目的掌握情況。
Period 6 Integrating Skill
由bison的圖片導入閱讀文章。通過回答問題。細節理解，對錯判斷。完成圖表，來了解美國西部歷史上大規模屠宰野牛,破壞美洲草原生物鏈的教訓.。最后是寫作任務。采用對比手法，幫助美國學生了解你的家鄉。
三．教學反思
本單元的話題是美國，著重引導學生注意美國歷史的變遷。其實美國的文化，建筑，地理特征，名勝古跡，民間傳說，民俗特色，政權形式，科學成就都很值得老師引導學生去了解，這對學好英語是有很大的幫助的。 尤其是能夠體會領悟美國的社會特征和人文特點，在學生閱讀文章時就能夠減少好多障礙。但是內容涉及很廣，我們不可能在一個單元的時間內讓學生都了解，但是應當鼓勵學生上網或去圖書館查閱資料，自主學習。同時也應該提醒學生思考中國和美國這兩個國家的相似的地方和不同的地方，做一些比較。
四．教學程序
Teaching plan for Unit 16
Period 1 Warming up & Speaking
Goals:1. Learn about the USA
2.Practise describing places to train the speaking ability
Step 1 Lead-in
T：Now, let’s begin our class. First, I’ll give you some information about the history of a country. Please guess which country it is. Listen carefully. It is a very young country in the world, which has only a history of 200~300 years. There is a Statue of Liberty in the east coast. It is about 46 metres high. The head office of the UN was set up there. Two World Wars didn’t take place there. Now it is the strongest country of the world. Can you guess it?
Ss: Yes. The USA.
Step 2 Warming up
1. Show the map of the U.S.A and help the Ss to get a general idea of her.
Full name
Location
Capital city
The largest city
When was founded
population
2. The U.S.A is a beautiful country. There are many beautiful cities and also great people. Let’s see some pictures. Do you know sth about them?
(George Washington . The first president
Martin Luther King the leader of non-demonstration was killed in 1968
New York the largest city nick name
Atlanta in the south the host of the Olympic Game in 1996
Ellis Island Island of Tears)
3. What else have you known about her ? A quiz (Ex1.)
4. What do you want to know ?
Step 3 Speaking
1. Learn the useful expression. Make a sentence with each pattern.
How long /wide/high/tall is ….?
It’s …metres/feet long/wide/high/tall.
There is …in the north/south/east/west.
It looks like….
2. Write a short passage to describe a place.
3. Play the Guess game.
One student read his short article , the others guess where it is.
Home work: Search the internet to find information about New York.
Period 2 Listening &Reading( about New York and Ellis Island )
Goal: 1.Do some listening to improve the listening ability.
2. Learn more about New York
Step 1 Lead-in
Show a picture of NY.
T: Can you guess when the picture was taken?(it was taken before the date September 11,2001.)How do you know?(Because in the picture, we can see many skyscrapers. Among them, the World Trade Centre and the Empire State Building are most famous, but now the World Trade Centre has already gone. It was exploded by terrorists.)
Step 2. Listening
1. T: Now let’s listen to a radio programme about New York to help Wang Xiao correct the errors in her notes. Turn to the next page. Let’s look at Ex.1 in the listening part. Here are the notes taken by Wang Xiao after he listens to a radio programme about New York. First read it by yourself. Then I’ll play the tape for you to listen. After that, please correct his errors.
Do EX1
2.T:OK.Now let’s listen to the tape again and then answer some concerned questions. Before listening, you need to go through with the questions.(Teacher gives the students one minute to read the questions. Then play the tape for the second time. After that, give the students enough time to discuss the answers and check them.)
3.T:Well done. Please listen to Part 2 of the listening material and then choose the best answers to the question in Ex.3.
(Teacher deals with Ex.3 in the same way. If necessary, play the tape again.)
Step.3 Reading
Now let’s know more about NY by read the following material. (adapted from SB3 Lesson 49)
New York
New York is built on a group of islands on the east coast of the USA at a point where several rivers flow into the ocean. The first westerner to discover these islands was Italian explorer in 1524. In 1626 the island of Manhattan was bought from local Indians, Native Americans, for a handful of goods worth about $24. Today Native Americans express their anger over this business deal. After the War of Independence ended, New York became the capital of the USA for a short time (1789--90) before Washington, D.C.
The building of skyscrapers in New York began around the year 1900. Because Manhattan Island is made of solid rock, it is safe to build very tall buildings. A 55-stored building went up in 1913 , and in 1931 the Empire State Building was completed., then the tallest building in the world. It has 102 storeys and 73 lifts. From the top of it, you could see up to a distance of 130 kilometres on a clear day. Today it is no longer the tallest building in the USA, or even in New York. The World trade Centre , an office building for over 1200 firms employing about 50,000 people, is even higher at 411 metres. The twins towers are 110 storeys high, but high-speed lifts controlled by computer take only a minute to reach the top. The towers are further apart at the top than at the base, but this is no mistake. This is because the surface of the earth is not flat but round. But unfortunately the twin towers were destroyed by terrorist attack on Sep11,2001. …….
New York never sleeps. The underground railway runs 24 hours a day, and there are all –night cinemas, bars and restaurants. Some people think that the weather is unpleasant, the city ugly and dirty, the competition fierce and the streets unsafe. It is a city in a hurry, but a very exciting place to be.
True or False
1.New York is built on an island on the east coast of the USA.
2.These islands were first discovered by an Italian explorer in 1524.
3. New York became the capital of the USA for a short time after Washington, D.C.
4.About a century ago the building of skyscrapers began in New York.
5.Skyscrapers were mainly built on Manhattan Island.
6. Because of a careless mistake, the twin towers of the World Trade Center are further apart at the top than at the base.
Home work: Search the internet to find information about the south of the USA
Period 3&4 Reading.
Goal: 1.learn about the American south.
2. Improve the reading ability
3. Learn and master the following:
suffering unemployment depression reconstruction burn down
aim at in honor of in vain take a chance overcome
be determined to do
step 1 lead-in
1.Play the video of the film “gone with the wind, let the Ss know the hard past of the south
2.Play another video about the city of Atlanta, show the modern and rich of the south
3.Let the Ss know how difference they are. Then tell them they will learn about the history of the south
step 2 Pre-reading
Put the events below in the correct place on the timeline.
30,000 years ago 1600 1861 1930s 1960s
1. the American Civil War 2.The great Depression
3.The Civil Rights Movement 4.The arrival of Native American
5.The arrival of European settlers
Step 3 Skimming(get a general idea of the passage)
Ask the Ss to answer the following questions.
1. What kind of story is the story of the south?
2. Which city is the typical southern city.?
Step 4. Scanning (Get specific ideas )
Ask Ss to read the passage carefully again and make it clear why Atlanta is a typical southern city.
Try to finish the chart below
Why Atlanta is a typical southern city ?
The past In the war
The difficulties the people of Atlanta had to overcome after the war 1. economical _________________
2. political __________
today The success in 1996
Modern Atlanta
Step5 Listening and consolidation
Ask Ss to listen to the tape to get more information
After that, work in pairs to make up a dialogue.
.Task:
A Chinese college student who studies history came to Atlanta for a trip. His pen friend showed him around the city They talked about the history and development of the city.
Step 6 Further understanding(discuss in groups)People of many different background live and work together in Atlanta .What are the advantages of living together with people who are different from you ? Are there any disadvantages?
Homework : Read the passage again and try to
Period 5 Language study.
Goal: 1.Review the new words appearing in the last period.
2.Do some exercises using the rules of word formation
3. Review Non-finite Verbs
Step 1 Word study
1. have a dictation.
( former, greedy, mental, physical, wide spread, chief )
Then do Ex3on page 45
2. About the word formation
Do Ex 2& EX1
Step 2 Grammar---Review Nonfinite Verbs(2)
1..: look at the sentences on the screen.
(Teacher shows the following on the screen.)
It is impossible that lost time can be made up.
2.Rules are made so that they can not be broken.
3.I don’t mind their inviting him.
4.She enjoys their interviewing her.
Try to Rewrite the sentences on the screen using the correct non-finite passive form.
2. Before doing them, review non-finite verbs together.
(:The verb that cannot be used as the predicate is called the non-finite verb. The “v.-ing, v.-ed or to do cannot act as the predicate, so we call them the non-finite verb.”The passive form of them is separately “being done” “or“to be done”.(Teacher writes them on the blackboard.)
動詞--ing形式 不定式
形式 主動 被動 主動 被動
一般式 writing Being written To write To be written
進行式 To be writing
完成式 Having written Having been written To have wtitten
3. Do the exercise and check the answers..
Suggested answers:
1.It is impossible for lost time to be made up.
2.Rules are made to be broken.
3.I don’t mind his being invited.
4.She enjoys being interviewed
Step3 Do Ex1&2
Step4. Choose the best answers
(B) 1. I learned a lot _________ in the countryside.
A. working B. while working C. when worked D. to work
(A) 2. It is well known that a tiger looks very ____________.
A. frightening B. frightened C. being frightened D. to frighten
(B) 3. The little boy got too _________ to move.
A. frightening S. frightened C. frighten D. to be frightened
(C) 4. It was getting dark. I found a car ______in a pool by the side of road.
A. stick B. sticking C. stuck D. to be stuck
(C) 5. I have collected the money __________.
A. deeding B. need C. needed D. to need
(B) 6. The glass of water is too hot. I prefer some cold ________ water.
A. boiling B. boiled C. having boiled D. to boil
(A) 7. It’s a good idea _______ to the front of the line.
A. to push B. of pushing C. pushed D. to be pushed
(B) 8. I won’t have you ________up and down all day.
A. ran B. running C. run d. to run
Home work: Search the internet to get some information about the south
Period 6 Integrating Skill
Goal: . 1. Learn about the American plain and the bison
2. Write a short passage about your home town
3. Lear and master the following:
live by doing in huge numbers make a agreements with die out
wide spread be forced to do cut off as a result
Step 1 Lead-in
Show the picture on the screen. And ask Do you know what the animal is called?
(Its name is bison. It is a type of cattle which used to exist in huge numbers on the plains of America)
.Would you like to know more about the bison?
Step 2 Fast-reading
Answer the two questions
1.In what ways did the settlers treat the Native Americans unfairly?
2.What caused a big change in the wildlife on the plains?
Step 3 Careful reading
Tick the sentences that are true and correct the false ones.
1.( )The first settlers on the plains were farmers.
2.( )Native Americans willingly gave up land to the settlers.
3.( )The settlers did not deal honestly with the native Americans.
4.( )Settlers ended up with better land than the native Americans.
5.( )Later settlers made use of the bison in the same way as the native Americans.
Step 4 Post reading
Use what your have learned from the text to complete the diagram below
Step 5 Writing
Imagine that your American pen friend has sent you an e-mail asking for help.
He want to know the history and the development of your home town. Write a letter to him or her comparing the past and today of your home town. The following table may help you.
The past today
Area and population
City building
Transportation
Education and school
The people’s living conditions
Homework: Finish the writing work.