第一章 虛擬語(yǔ)氣
一 知識(shí)歸納
1. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在if條件句中的應(yīng)用
1) 三種形式
條件從句中的動(dòng)詞 結(jié)果主句中的動(dòng)詞 示例
與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式
be動(dòng)詞一律用were would/could/might/should +動(dòng)詞原形 If I had time, I would attend your party.
與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反 had+過(guò)去分詞 would/could/might/should +have +過(guò)去分詞 You didn’t let me drive. If we had driven in turn, you wouldn’t have got so tired.
與將來(lái)的事實(shí)相反 should+動(dòng)詞原形
were to+動(dòng)詞原形 would/could/might/should +動(dòng)詞原形 If it were to snow /should snow tomorrow, we should take photos.
2) 虛擬條件句中有were, had, should時(shí), 可把if省略,而把were, had, should放在主語(yǔ)前,用到裝結(jié)構(gòu), 這種結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于書(shū)面語(yǔ)中. 如:
Were it necessary, I might resign.
Had you informed me earlier, I would not have signed the contract.
Should I have time, I would call on her
Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Summer Palace
3) 錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句
在這種條件句中,虛擬條件主句和從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致,因此,主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)各自所指的不同時(shí)間選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)詞形式, 如:
If I were you, I would not have missed the film last night. (現(xiàn)在---過(guò)去)
If they had started in the early morning, they would arrive in half an hour(過(guò)去---將來(lái))
If you had asked him when you saw him last time, you would know what to do now. (過(guò)去---現(xiàn)在)
4) 含蓄條件句
有些句子中, 沒(méi)有任何表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣的詞,短語(yǔ)或從句,但仍要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣. 這時(shí),要么是省略了表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣的部分, 要么隱含在上下文之中. 如:
I would do anything for her (if I could)
We would have made a lot of money (but we gave up halfway)
Without electricity life would be quite different today. (If there were no electricity)
5) 用介詞代替條件狀語(yǔ)從句, 常見(jiàn)的介詞有with , without, but for 如:
What would you do with a million dollars (if you had a million dollars?)
We would not have finished the word on time without your help (=if you had not helped us)
But for the rain, (if it had not been for the rain,) we would have finished the work
2. 賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
1) wish后賓語(yǔ)從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反, 用were或動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去式;與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反, 用had+過(guò)去分詞;表示將來(lái)沒(méi)有把握或不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,用would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形,后的從句不能用should.如:
I wish she were here.
I wish you would go with us tomorrow
I wish she had taken my advice
2) order, suggest, demand, insist, 等表示命令,要求, 建議的詞后賓語(yǔ)從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,形式為(should)+動(dòng)詞原形
3. as if /as though 后有時(shí)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣
1) 從句所設(shè)想的時(shí)間與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,從句動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)(be用were)
It looks as if she were sick.
He looks as though he knew the girl
2) 從句所設(shè)想的時(shí)間動(dòng)作于主句謂語(yǔ)發(fā)生,從句動(dòng)詞用had+過(guò)去分詞. 如:
I feel as if we had known each other for years
He talks about pyramids as though he had seen them himself
4. (should )+動(dòng)詞原形在某些從句中的應(yīng)用
1) 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句從的謂語(yǔ)是suggest, request, insist, desire , demand, propose, order, command, arrange等動(dòng)詞時(shí),如:
I suggested that we should go there on foot.
注意:當(dāng)suggest表示暗示,表明時(shí),不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,用陳述語(yǔ)氣.如:
The smile on her face suggested that she was satisfied with our work.
當(dāng)insist表示堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為之意時(shí), 不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,用陳述語(yǔ)氣. 如:
The man insisted that he had never stolen the money
2) It is ordered/desired/decided/requested/strange/important/natural/a pity 等后的主語(yǔ)從句中
It is desired that we should get everything ready tonight
3) advice, idea, order, plan, demand, proposal, suggestion, request等名詞之后的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中.如:
My suggestion is that we should hold a meeting this evening
5. would rather, had better后的句子的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
1) 接動(dòng)詞原形, 指現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的時(shí)間, 表示主語(yǔ)的主觀愿望和選擇
I would rather do it today
You had better not go dancing tonight
2) 接不定式的完成式, 表示過(guò)去的某種不恰當(dāng)?shù)倪x擇. 如:
I would rather not have told her the news. She is such a gossip
3) 接從句, 用一般過(guò)去時(shí), 表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的愿望;用過(guò)去完成時(shí),表示過(guò)去的愿望.如:
I would rather you paid the money yourself
I would rather she had not done that
6. it is (high) time that ….句型中, 從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式,或should +動(dòng)詞原形, 其中should不能省掉.如:
It is time that you went to school
It is time that we should start out
7. 在含有if it were not for 或if it had not been for 條件句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣中. 如:
If it were not for the rain, the crops would die
If it had not been for your help, we could not have finished the work ahead of time
8. 用于if only引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中
If only I were a flying bird!
If only I had seen the film!
二 學(xué)法建議
在學(xué)習(xí)if引起的虛擬條件句時(shí), 同學(xué)們首先要牢記它的三種形式, 它將為學(xué)習(xí)此類(lèi)句子奠定基礎(chǔ), 在此基礎(chǔ)上, 才能掌握倒裝的虛擬條件句,混合虛擬條件句等
綜觀歷年的高考題及各地測(cè)試題,wish 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣, if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件及含蓄條件句是測(cè)試的重點(diǎn),務(wù)必請(qǐng)同學(xué)們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)中加以注意
在學(xué)習(xí)as if引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句或狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣時(shí), 要很好理解句子, 在判定表示虛擬時(shí),再使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,并要牢記動(dòng)詞的形式
對(duì)if only的學(xué)習(xí)也是不容忽視的一個(gè)要點(diǎn). 它表示"要是…..就好了”, 謂語(yǔ)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望, 用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望. 如:
If only she had known where to find you!
If only I could speak several foreign languages!
五年高考
1. If only he ____quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.
A. lies
B. lay
C. had lain
D. should lie
2. How I wish every family ____a large house with a beautiful garden.
A. has
B. had
C. will have
D. had had
3. You did not let me drive. If we ____in turn, you ____ so tired
A. drove; didn’t get
B. drove; wouldn’t get
C. were driving; wouldn’t get
D. had driven ; wouldn’t have got
4. _____it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge
A. Were
B. Should
C. Would
D. Will
5. I suggested the person _____ to be put into prison
A. refers
B. referring
C. referred
D. refer
6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it____
A. breaks
B. has broken
C. were broken
D. had been broken
7. I insisted _____to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing ___ wrong with him
A. on him to go; should be
B. he went; be
C. he go; was
D. he should to; is
8. ---Your aunt invites you to the movies today
---I had rather she ____ me tomorrow than today
A. tells
B. told
C. would tell
D. had told
名題精練
9. ---Would you have called her up had it been possible
---Yes, but I ____busy doing my homework
A. was
B. were
C. had been
D. would be
10. I was ill that day, otherwise I ____ the sports meet
A. would have taken part in
B. took part in
C. had taken part in
D. would take part in
11. ___the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily
A. Had it not been for
B. If it were not
C. If it had not been for
D. Were it not for
12. If my lawyer ____here last Sunday, he ____ me from going
A. had been, would have prevented
B. had been, would prevent
C. were, prevent
D. were, would have prevented
13. ____hard, he would have passed the exam
A. If he were to work
B. Had he worked
C. Should he work
D. Were he to work
14. ____today, he would get there by Friday
A. Were he to leave
B. If he had left
C. Did he to leave
D. Had he left
15. Had you listened to the doctor, you ____all right now
A. are
B. were
C. would be
D. would have been
16. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brother
A. has come
B. did come
C. come
D. had come
17. He ____busy yesterday, or he ___you with your experiment.
A. was, had helped
B. was, would have helped
C. had been, would have helped
D. were, would have helped
18. If it ____for the snow, we____ the mountain yesterday
A. were not, could have climb
B. were not, could climb
C. had not been, could have climbed
D. hadn’t been, could climb
19. Without electricity, human life ____quite difficult today
A. is
B. will be
C. would have been
D. would be
20. ---I am going to tell her the news
---I would as soon you _____her about it
A. didn’t tell
B. don’t tell
C. hadn’t tell
D. won’t tell
21. Mike’s father, as well as his mother, insisted he ____home
A. stayed
B. could stay
C. has stayed
D. stay
22. It was requested that the play ____again
A. should put on
B. would put on
C. be put on
D. put on
23. She insisted that a doctor _____ immediately
A. had sent for
B. send
C. be sent for
D. was sent
24. ---Did you scold him for his carelessness
----Yes, but ____it
A. I’d rather not do
B. I’d rather not have done
C. I should’ t do
D. I’d better not do
25. If only I ___my car
A. hadn’t lost
B. wouldn’t lose
C. didn’t lose
D. haven’t lost
26. But for water, it ____impossible to live in the earth
A. is
B. would
C. were
D. wouldn’t be
27. I would rather you ____anything about it for the time being
A. do
B. didn’t do
C. don’t
D. didn’t
28. The kind-hearted couple treat the orphan very well as though he ____ their own son
A. is
B. were
C. had been
D. should be
29. How the old people wish that they ____young once more
A. were
B. could become
C. had been
D. should be
30. It is high time that we ____ a meeting to discuss this problem
A. hold
B. held
C. have held
D. had held
31. The thief closed his eyes ____ he ____dying
A. even if , was
B. though, would be
C. even, had been
D. as if, were
32. I wish that you ____ such a bad headache because I am sure that you would have enjoyed the concert
A. had not
B. did not have had
C. hadn’t had
D. hadn’t have
33. The chairman insisted that we ____the question again
A. will discuss
B. to discuss
C. should discuss
D. will be discussed
34. He requested that the students ____them get in crops
A. help
B. to help
C. helped
D. helping
35. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _____the rules
A. obeys
B. obey
C. will obey
D. would obey
36. I wish I ____here then
A. was
B. had been
C. were
D. would be
37. It is strange that he ____back so early
A. came
B. will come
C. had come
D. should have come
38. Mother suggested that I ___my homework first before watching TV
A. did
B. do
C. shall do
D. have done
39. My suggestion is that the meeting ____off till nest Sunday
A. be put
B. put
C. should put
D. had been put
40. He is talking so much about America as if he ____ there
A. had been
B. has been
C. was
D. been
41. The teacher demanded that the exam _____ before eleven
A. must finish
B. would be finished
C. be finished
D. must be finished
42. ---Sorry, Joe. I did not mean to……
----Don’t call me “Joe”, I am Mr. Parker to you, and ____ you forget it!
A. do
B. didn’t
C. did
D. don’t
43. I did not attend the lecture by Pro. Jackson. I ____ but I ____ all this morning
A. would, have washed
B. could, have been washing
C. would have, have been washing
D. could have, had washing
44. How I wish I ____ to repair the watch! I only made it worse
A. had tried
B. hadn’t tried
C. have tried
D. didn’t try
45. ----How could I thank you enough?
----Don’t mention it. Any other man ____it
A. must do
B. could do
C. would have done
D. should have done
46. Key European governments insist Iraq’s co-operation ____ good and military action______ to allow inspections to continue
A. be, be delayed
B. is, delay
C. should be, be delayed
D. is , be delayed
47. If the hurricane had happened during the day-time, ____more deaths
A. it would have been
B. it would be
C. there would be
D. there would have been
48. What the customers_____ from the company is that the goods ____ right to their homes.
A. requested, deliver
B. demand, be delivered
C. request, should deliver
D. demand, delivered
49. If law-breakers _____ the society will be in disorder
A. made unpunished
B. came unpunished
C. went unpunished
D. not punished
50. We took a taxi to the airport. Otherwise we ____late
A. would be
B. were
C. will be
D. would have been
51. Supposing he never ____, what would happen then
A. come
B. came
C. would come
D. will come
52. What do you think his proposal that we ____ a play at the English meeting
A. had put on
B. should put on
C. have put on
D. will put on
53. I hope that you ____ right
A. will be
B. should be
C. were
D. would be
54. As you know, I am a disabled man, but I would be happy if I ___of service to you
A. am
B. have been
C. should be
D. would be
55. He insisted that we ____early the next morning
A. start
B. started
C. would start
D. had started
56. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brother
A. has come
B. did come
C. had come
D. came
57. We ____last night, but we went to the cinema instead
A. must have studied
B. might study
C. would study
D. would have studied
58. If it _____the snow, we _____the Simian Mountain last week
A. were not, could have climbed
B. were not, could climb
C. had not been , could have climbed
D. had not been, could climb
59. Without electricity human life ____quite different today
A. is
B. will be
C. would have been
D. would be
60. I wish I _____ you yesterday
A. seen
B. did see
C. had seen
D. were to see
61. He talks as if he ____for ages
A. is living there
B. was living there
C. has lived there
D. had lived there
62. The judge ordered the thief ____punished
A. should be
B. would be
C. was to be
D. must be
63. Her pale face suggested that she ____ ill, and her parents suggested that she _____ a medical examination
A. be, should have
B. was, have
C. should, had
D. was, has
64. They are talking ____they had known each other for years
A. as if
B. even if
C. like
D. because
65. Had you done as I told you, you____
A. would succeed
B. would have succeeded
C. were to succeed
D. should succeed
66. ______your help, I ____the exam
A. Without, will fail
B. If not , will fail
C. But for, would have failed
D. If it is not for, would have failed
67. I would rather you ____at once
A. leave
B. will leave
C. left
D. should leave
68. ____today, she would arrive in New York by Tuesday
A. If he leaves
B. Would he have left
C. Was he leaving
D. Were he to leave
69. It is high time you ____ to school
A. will go
B. would go
C. went
D. had gone
70. If he had taken the doctor’s advice, he _____been in hospital now
A. shouldn’t
B. hadn’t
C. wouldn’t have
D. would not
71. It is necessary that he ____to the lab right now
A. come
B. came
C. would come
D. is coming
72. But that he ____ it, he wouldn’t have believed it
A. see
B. saw
C. had seen
D. sees
73. Their suggestion is that the wounded soldiers____ to hospital at once
A. be sent
B. is sent
C. was sent
D. should send
74. I would buy that car but I ____enough money
A. do not have
B. did not have
C. will not have
D. had not had
75. If only we____ about the danger, we couldn’t have joined you
A. knew
B. had known
C. would know
D. should know
76. It was ordered that no smoking ____in the library
A. was allowed
B. would be allowed
C. be allowed
D. had been allowed
77. ____you come earlier, you would have met him
A. Should
B. would
C. Could
D. Had
78. ---You should have finished your homework earlier
----I know but I ____the time
A. don’t have
B. didn’t have
C. won’t have
D. had not
79. I tried his best in everything, _____he wouldn’t have been what he was
A. otherwise
B. but
C. and
D. but that
80. How I wish I ____such a good chance before
A. didn’t miss
B. hadn’t missed
C. met
D. have met
81. ___your letter, I would have started off two days ago
A. If I could have received
B. If I received
C. Should I received
D. Had I received
82. I would ask Tom to lend us money if I ____ him
A. had known
B. knew
C. have known
D. know
83. If it ____tomorrow, what shall we do?
A. rains
B. would rain
C. rained
D. should rain
84. If he ___come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him
A. would
B. should
C. /
D. had
85. If he were to come tomorrow, things___ easier
A. should be
B. would be
C. are
D. can be
86. If you ____that late movie last night, you would not be so sleepy now
A. haven’t watched
B. didn’t watch
C. hadn’t watched
D. wouldn’t have watched
87. ____difficulties, we would be successful
A. Should we overcome
B. Would we overcome
C. Might we overcome
D. Could we overcome
88. If only everything___ out, as we wanted it to in life
A. is working
B. worked
C. works
D. has worked
89. Mary _____ to college last year. Unfortunately, she could not take the examinations because of a sudden illness
A. could go
B. did go
C. could have gone
D. must have gone
90. I wish it ____ not so cold outside
A. shall be
B. be
C. were
D. is
91. He insisted that we all ____ in his office at one o’clock
A. be
B. to be
C. would be
D. shall be
92. He insisted that he ____ our car
A. should steal
B. would steal
C. hadn’t stolen
D. steal
93. Their suggestion is that we____ go out for a walk
A. can
B. have
C. shall
D. /
94. It is necessary that he ____ in time to attend the meeting
A. come
B. came
C. would come
D. need come
95. I ____that she had left her home yesterday
A. have thought
B. think
C. had thought
D. should think
96. We have been sitting doing nothing about it for days. It is time we ____the problem
A. shook hands with
B. got to brass tacks with
C. got to solve
D. reached the bottom of
97. He has just arrived, but he talks as if he ____ about that
A. know
B. knows
C. known
D. knew
98. In case I _____, I would try again
A. will fail
B. would miss
C. should fail
D. shall fail
99. ____ I will marry him all the same
A. Were he rich or poor
B. Be he rich or poor
C. Whether rich or poor
D. Being rich or poor
100. Without gravity, we ____ able to walk
A. were
B. should be
C. can be
D. should not be
答案
C B D B C C C B A A D A B A C D B C D A
D C C B A C B B A B D C C A B B D B A A
C D C B C D D B C D B B A A A C D C D C
D A B A B C C D C D A B A A B C D B A B
D B A D B C A B C C A C D A C C D C B D