I．主要常用不及物的動(dòng)詞。不及物動(dòng)詞后面不能跟賓語。只能用以："主＋謂"結(jié)構(gòu)。
agree disagree quarrel shout cry laugh object sigh talk bargain matter work struggle fight graduate succeed die listen look stare glance hurry ache fever cough appear belong care depend long happen occur explode pause result snow rain
go come fall arrive sail dive flow swim travel walk skate jump rise sit stay step
wait remain sleep rest head exist live dance
II. 延續(xù)動(dòng)詞與瞬間動(dòng)詞
表示的動(dòng)作在瞬間就可以完成, 瞬間動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)態(tài)不能跟表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用。
1) 用于完成時(shí)的區(qū)別
延續(xù)動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷； 瞬間動(dòng)詞表示行為的結(jié) 果，不能與表示段的時(shí)間狀語連用。
He has completed the work. 他已完成了那項(xiàng)工作。 (表結(jié)果)
I've known him since then. 我從那時(shí)起就認(rèn)識(shí)他了。(表經(jīng)歷)
2) 用于till / until從句的差異
延續(xù)動(dòng)詞用于肯定句，表示"做……直到…" 瞬間動(dòng)詞用于否定句，表示"到…，才……"
He didn't come back until ten o'clock.
他到10 點(diǎn)才回來。
He slept until ten o'clock.
他一直睡到10點(diǎn)。
典型例題
1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案B. 首先本題后句強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，我知道她的模樣，你不用描述。再次，several times告知為反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，因此用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
2.---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
答案A. 等待的動(dòng)作由過去開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
主要常用瞬間動(dòng)詞
arrive, borrow, buy, close, fall, finish, go, join, kill, hit, leave, lend, die, marry, open, reach, return, start, stop, recognize see throw
III.主要及物動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面必須跟賓語,可以用于："主＋謂＋賓"；"主＋謂＋雙賓"主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)"結(jié)構(gòu).
accept receive earn gain lose miss pack fold load achieve admit afford declare announce review broadcast describe discuss doubt suppose correct master mention infer repeat spell practise remind attempt attract invite book bite bake fry milk water pour fill lock fasten brush comb tidy mine bury dig remove plough plant grow cover cut celebrate liberate base change build pump dust clean sweep close tear complete finish contain include damage destroy ruin wipe repair mend fix deliver carry ship cross block tie park pull line list fight struggle defeat defend protect educate train test decide plan design invent examine test experience train introduce follow form perform found hit hold increase reduce discover steal attack wound kill murder starve kiss treat cure desert throw kick devote trust love admire honour respect value desire enjoy comfort calm pity trust support hate dislike greet welcome thank disturb fool serve sentence punish monitor own plate price publish print type prepare put place lay raise lift reach heat warm rule obey praise scold blame save waste score mark sort store spend unite connect limit watch touch press visit wave wear time use total
answer borrow bring buy charge cost hand envy fetch name present post offer owe question show supply provide
astonish disappoint frighten interest satisfy s eat shock surprise tire
bear catch have keep make mean give pick take send
consider know hope imagine find prove realize recognize request require say tell sense suggest understand warn state think
advice allow ask check direct employ expect forbid force forgive guide hire excuse need notice let like persuade permit promise want wish
IV. ．既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的動(dòng)詞，其意義不變
continue begin start advance attend aim awake blow bathe insist interrupt read write roll paint ride report seek root shop face feed hurt gather end clap trade study turn win smoke wash stop try suffer sell shine set sew pay mind join fit float drop delight develop believe divide forget speak eat drown boil bend breathe burn burst climb collect delay double dress fly hide lead land learn inch lack meet measure sing mix open organize marry race record drink spread smooth slow recover ride row improve
call clear shut sink fear teach share help cook break compare crowd remember
V. 既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的動(dòng)詞，其意義完全不同。
escape part operate reach run rush return search settle shoot strike speed stamp play ring hang smell get manage regret draw beat light drive match leave move last stand fail succeed shake knock weigh stick
V.主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的常見動(dòng)詞。基本結(jié)構(gòu)subj+ V+ adv。如，Books of this kind sells well。Your pen writes smoothly。 Your composition reads well。
sell read write wear keep draw cut tear act lock rent wash break cook clean open work out
VI．常沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)而容易誤用被動(dòng)式的動(dòng)詞。如，Heavy losses were suffered by them。（錯(cuò)）。They suffered heavy losses。（對(duì)）
have fit lack suit hold cost suffer last become stand belong to depend on happen take place break out turn out
VII．英語中一些常用進(jìn)行時(shí)或現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來的動(dòng)詞。如，The meeting begins at 1：30 in the afternoon。 I’ve won a holiday for two to Florida。I am taking my mum。
come go leave start drive move begin take fall arrive return set off land fly
VIII．英語中一些常用過去完成時(shí)或過去時(shí)表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，打算或意圖。如，
They had wanted to help but couldn’t afford any time。
---Why haven’t you bought any butter?
----I meant to but I forgot about it.
hope expect mean intend suppose want think
IX.形式上主句否定餓而實(shí)際上否定轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞，這類動(dòng)詞之后可接so或not 代替從句。如，I don’t think they have made their minds，have’nt they？
Is your brother going with you? I think not .或I don’t think so.
think believe expect imagine suppose fancy
注意：hope guess fear fancy 不能否定轉(zhuǎn)移，只能說 I guess not 而不能說
I don’t guess so 。
X. 常見的只跟帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的及物動(dòng)詞或短語。
want wish hope expect would like/love care choose learn desire long plan prepare mean design agree promise offer refuse ask beg demand intend decide determine make up one‘s mind tend bother trouble manage try attempt afford pretend aim try one’s best have no choice but
注意：動(dòng)詞+疑問詞+ to
decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell discover discuss ask
Please show us how to do that.
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.
XI. 常見的跟帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞或短語。 即，動(dòng)詞+賓語+ (to do)
command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn
例句： a. Father will not allow us to play on the street.
b. We believe him to be guilty.
注意： promise know hope demand
常見的不跟帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞let, have, make see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find
XII．動(dòng)詞及短語后加doing作賓語 V. + doing sth
admit appreciate avoid complete consider delay deny endure enjoy escape prevent fancy finish imagine mind miss postpone keep practise recall resist risk suggest face include stand understand forgive excuse
defend involve avoid pardon
admit to prefer…to be used to lead to devote oneself to object to stick to be busy look forward to to為介詞）no good, no use, be worth… give up can't help,
It's no use /good be tired of feel like
be fond of be proud of think of / about put off keep on insist on count on / upon set about be successful in
good at take up burst out prevent … from…
舉例 (1) Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?
(2) The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.
注意：動(dòng)詞ing形式與不定式語義不同的有12 組：
1 stop to do stop doing
2 forget to do forget doing
3 remember to do remember doing
4 regret to do regret doing
5 be used to do be used to doing
6 try to do try doing
7 go on to do go on doing
8 afraid to do afraid doing
9 interested to do interested doing
10 mean to do mean doing
11 begin/ start to do begin/ start doing
12 can‘t help to do can’t help doing
X．表示"據(jù)說"或"相信" 的詞組
believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand
It is said that… 據(jù)說
It is reported that… 據(jù)報(bào)道
It is believed that… 大家相信
It is hoped that… 大家希望
It is well known that… 眾所周知
It is thought that… 大家認(rèn)為
It is suggested that… 據(jù)建議
It is taken granted that… 被視為當(dāng)然
It has been decided that… 大家決定
It must be remember that…務(wù)必記住的是
例句：It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday.
It‘s generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science。
Robert is said to have studied abroad，but I don‘t know what country he studied in。
VX.本身含有“使…”的意義的動(dòng)詞.
surprise astonish shock delight worry satisfy please seat disappoint discourage
encourage interest marry frighten tire excite move
VIX．其后常跟賓語從句且從句里用虛擬語氣的動(dòng)詞。
order suggest require request demand propose desire insist advise wish