Unit10 The world around
Reference for Teaching
一、異域風(fēng)情
Ⅰ.American Black Bears
American black bears appear in a variety of colors despite their name.In the eastern part of their range,most of these bears have shiny black fur,but in the west they grow brown,red,or even yellow coats.To the north,the black bear is actually gray or white in color.Even in the same litter(一胎所生的小動(dòng)物),both brown and black furred bears may be born.
Black bears are the smallest of all American bears,ranging in length from five to six feet,weighing from three hundred to five hundred pounds.Their eyes and ears are small and their eyesight and hearing are not as good as their sense of smell.
Like all bears,the black bear is timid(膽小的),clumsy(笨拙的)and rarely dangerous,but if attacked,most can climb trees and cover ground at great speeds.When angry or frightened,it is a formidable(可怕的)enemy.
Black bears feed on leaves,herbs,roots,fruit,berries,insects,fish and even larger animals.One of the most interesting characteristics of bears,including the black bear,is their winter sleep.Unlike squirrels,woodchucks,and many other woodland animals,bears do not actually hibernate.Although the bear does not eat during the winter months,sustaining itself from body fat,its temperature remains almost normal,and it breathes regularly four or five times per minute.
Most black bears live alone,except during mating(交配)season.They prefer to live in caves,hollow logs,or dense thickets(灌木叢).A litter of one to four cubs is born in January or February after a gestation(懷孕)period of six to nine months,and they remain with their mother until they are fully grown or about one and a half years old.Black bears can live as long as thirty years in the wild,and even longer in preserves(禁獵地) set aside for them.
Ⅱ.Americans And Their Pets
Americans love pets.And it’s not just puppy-love (不成熟的愛(ài)).Many pet owners treat their furry friends as part of the family.Sometimes they spice(使增添趣味)up their pets’ lives with entertaining videos and amusing toys.If they have an eye for fashion,pet owners can dress their pets in stylish clothes.For special occasions,they can use canine perfume(狗專(zhuān)用的香水)to make their dogs smell well,less beastly.You might say Americans treat their pets like they treat their children-sometimes even better.
In America,there are more households with pets than those with children.At least 43 percent of U.S. homes have pets of some sort.Exotic(外國(guó)產(chǎn)的)creatures,such as monkeys,snakes and even wolves,find a home with some Americans.More common pets include tropical fish,mice and birds.But the all-time favorites are cats and dogs.Americans sometimes have strong feelings about whether dogs or cats make better pets.“Dog people”and “cat people”often enjoy friendly rivalries(爭(zhēng)辯).
Leading a dog’s life in America isn’t such a bad thing.Many grocery stores sell pet foods to owners eager to please their pets.In Houston,Texas,dogs can have their dinner delivered to their homes,just like pizza.Well-to-do dogs can attend doggy daycare centers while their owners work.Pets can even accompany their owners on vacation.Fancy(豪華的)hotels are beginning to accommodate(接納……住宿)both man and beast.Furry guests at Four Seasons Hotel can enjoy gourmet(美食) meals served on fine china(精致瓷器)and sleep in soft beds.
Beneath the luxuries(奢華),there lies a basic American belief:Pets have a right to be treated well.At least 75 animal welfare(福利) organizations exist in America.These provide care and adoption(領(lǐng)養(yǎng))services for homeless and abused(受虐待的)animals.Veterinalians(獸醫(yī))can give animals very good health care-for a high price.To pay for the high-tech health care,people can buy health insurance for their pets.And when it’s time to say good-bye,owners can bury their pets in a respectable pet cemetery(墓地).
The average American enjoys having pets around,and for good reason.Researchers have discovered that interacting with animals lowers a person’s blood pressure.Dogs can offer protection from burglars(竊賊)and unwelcome visitors.Cats can help rid the home of unwanted pet.Little creature of all shapes and size can provide companionship and love.Pets even encourage social relationships:They give their owners an appearance of friendliness,and they provide a good topic of conversation.
Pets are as basic to American culture as hot dogs or apple pie.To Americans,pets are not just property,but a part of the family.
speaking
1．關(guān)于保護(hù)環(huán)境的建議的表達(dá)。
First of all. we need to,..
We should, , . so that, . ,
\We'd better. . . to keep. . . from doing. . .
If we know more about... ' we may able to, . .
If we want to live a better life' we must. ..
We ca/may help by doing...
There is a lot we can do to help，
As a result of the heavy rain，I caught a bad cold．因?yàn)檫@場(chǎng)大雨，我患了重感冒。
In follows that the fish in the river wi11 soon die because of the pollution．
可以斷定因?yàn)槲廴荆@條河里的魚(yú)不久就會(huì)死去。
It will lead to many people becoming deaf．這會(huì)導(dǎo)致許多人耳朵變聾。
There is a 1ot we can do to make our world better。
為了使我們的世界更關(guān)妤，我們可以做很多事情。
We’d better take effective measures to keep this river from being po11uted．
我們最好采取有效的措施來(lái)防止這條河流受到污染。
Maybe we could discuss the matter with the manager of the company
也許我們可以與這公司的經(jīng)理商討這件事。
sample dialogue:
R: Good morning: Mr Tiger. My name is Jim and I'm a reporter from China Daily. Uh, I am a little nervous, this is the first time I speak to a tiger. May I ask you some questions?
T: Sure. And don't be nervous, I won't eat you. Ha ha!
R: Urn, right, good... Now, how long have you been living in the zoo?
T: Oh, I came here, let me see, six years ago. I used to live in a forest, but people there cut down all the trees and I had to move. There were cities and people everywhere, so I had no place to go. The police came and took me to the zoo.
R: Do you like living in the zoo?
T: Well, it's not as good as being free, that's for sure. But at least I have food and friends.
R: I see. If you could say something to all the humans in the world, what would you tell them?
T: I would tell them to stop being so selfish. We all need each other and we should try to be friends. If people cut down trees and pollute the environment to make money, we will all suffer. And don't kill animals to make clothes -- when ! see people wearing animal furs at the zoo I get really angry.
R: Thank you. Um, would you please take your paw off my shoulder? It hurts.
T: I'm sorry. I guess I got a bit excited. Don't get me wrong. I like humans. I just wish they would be less selfish.
R: Thank you, Mr Tiger.
reading
整體閱讀
1.In what way nature seems to be cleverer than human beings?
A. It does not think. B. It is a better recycler.
C. It always stays calm. D. It never makes mistakes.
2. Which of the following is a way of "Respond" ?
A. Repair things and use them longer B. Show others how to protect the environment.
C. Try not to use harmful things. D. Reply when asked a question.
3. Which is the best title for Passage 2.9
A. Reduce the Amount of Rubbish B. Air, Water and Energy
C. Four Ways to Care about Nature D. Ecosystems
4. Steve Jone's words in the first paragraph of Passage 1 show that for many
people, __
A. sometimes saying is one thing, doing is quite another
B. protecting the environment has become a habit
C. they are alone in the world
D. they always do what they say
5. To protect an ecosystem, the best way is to __
A. kill the wild animals which feed on the plants
B. turn lakes into fields
C. develop industries quickly
D. leave things as they are
KEY:I.B 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. D
Key points
1.listening and speaking
1>When farmers cut down trees,tigers no longer hide and hunt.
no longer不再
＜辨析：no longer／no．…any longer／no more／not，…any more
以上四種表達(dá)都可以表示“不再”，但用法稍有區(qū)別。no longer可寫(xiě)作not…any longer，no more可寫(xiě)作not．…any more。一般來(lái)講，no longer為副詞短語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間上的“不再”；而no more可作副詞性短語(yǔ)，也可作形容詞性短語(yǔ)和名詞性短語(yǔ)，它強(qiáng)調(diào)程度上的“不再”。有時(shí)兩者意義區(qū)別不明顯時(shí)可替換。經(jīng)常情況下，no longer位于行為動(dòng)詞的前面，位于be動(dòng)詞的后面。如果不修飾名詞，no more多放在句尾使用。
①I(mǎi) shall go there no more．／I shall no longer go there．我再也不去那了。
②Time lost will return no more．時(shí)光一去不復(fù)返。
③He no longer works here．／He doesn’t work here any more．／He doesn’t work here any
longer．他已不在這工作了。
④He no longer loves her．／He loves her no more．／He doesn’t love her any longer．／He
doesn’t love her any more．他不再愛(ài)她了。
⑤We don’t trust you any more．／We trust you no more．我們不再信任你了。
⑤I’ve had enough．I want no more．我吃好了，一點(diǎn)也不要了。
⑦He is no longer a child。他不再是個(gè)孩子了。
⑧There is no more money left．再也沒(méi)錢(qián)剩下了。
2>There are few areas left where pandas can live.
left
[用法]剩下，此處為過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)。
[聯(lián)想]leave的特別用法：
1.leave sb to do 讓某人去做某事
2.leave sb doing 使某人處于某種狀態(tài)
3.leave the window open 讓窗戶(hù)開(kāi)著
3>Many of the world s animals and plants are in danger.
(一)in danger, in danger of, out of danger
(1)in danger“在危險(xiǎn)中，處于危險(xiǎn)之中”，常與be連用，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)處于某種危險(xiǎn)之中。
e.g. The old man was knocked down by the motorbike. He was in danger.
那位老人被摩托車(chē)撞倒了，處于危險(xiǎn)之中。
(2)in danger of“有……的危險(xiǎn)”，后接動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)。
e.g. Some birds are in danger of dying away. 有些鳥(niǎo) 有滅絕的危險(xiǎn)。
The man was in danger of losing his life. 那個(gè)人有生命危險(xiǎn)。
(3)out of danger“脫離危險(xiǎn)”，常與be連用。
e.g. He is out of danger now. 他現(xiàn)在已脫離危險(xiǎn)。
4>Why is it so important to make sure that animals do not die out?
1。make sure用法歸納本短語(yǔ)意為“務(wù)必使……，務(wù)請(qǐng)……；查明，弄清楚”,其用法有幾點(diǎn)值得注意。
(1)后接that從句，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí)。
e.g. Make sure you get there in time.務(wù)請(qǐng)準(zhǔn)時(shí)到那兒。
I think the train leaves at four, but you’d better make sure.
我想火車(chē)4點(diǎn)離站，但你最好核實(shí)一下。
(2)后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，須先接of或about。
e.g. We must make sure of the facts. 我們必須把事實(shí)搞清楚。
Arrive early at the cinema to make sure of getting a seat.早點(diǎn)到電影院，以便找到座位。
(3)跟不定式，表示“一定要”。
e.g. Make sure to turn off the radio before you go out.
在你出去前一定要把收音機(jī)關(guān)掉。
2．die out，die away，die off和die down的辨析
die out指家庭、種族＂滅絕，死絕＂或做法、觀念＂完全消失，絕跡＂；die off指一群生物＂相繼死去＂；die away指聲音、風(fēng)、光＂漸漸消失＂；die down指物質(zhì)特性或情感＂逐漸平息＂。
The practice of children working in factories has nearly died out．
工廠使用童工的做法已幾乎絕跡了。
As she got older，her relatives died off．隨著她越來(lái)越老，她的親戚都相繼死去了。
The fire in the forest is dying down，and will soon die away．
森林的火勢(shì)在逐漸減弱，不久會(huì)消失的
[聯(lián)想]die away 逐漸消失;逐漸停止
[舉例]The sound of conversation died away as soon as the curtain rose.
大幕一升起,談話的聲音漸漸地停了下來(lái).
In the struggle for life ,the species which had not been successful died out.
在生存競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中,不能成功的物種就滅絕了.
5>Work together with your partner and try to think of some solutions to the problems.
together with
[用法]意同as well as; along with
[注意]在連接主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的第一個(gè)名詞的數(shù).
6>It will lead to...
lead to:導(dǎo)致
[舉例]The development of national economy has led to a life of happiness.
國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展使人民過(guò)上了幸福生活.
Careless driving will lead to the loss of life. 開(kāi)車(chē)大意會(huì)導(dǎo)致喪命.
7>Student A will act as the reporter and Student B will act as
the animal.
act as:充當(dāng);擔(dān)任
[比較]act vt. 扮演...角色; vi. 行動(dòng);做事;表演
8>Take turns asking and answering questions.
Take turns (in) doing sth.= do sth in turn: 輪流做某事
[聯(lián)想]take one’ s turn 依次輪流 by turns 交替;輪流 in turn 依次 out of turn 不按順序的
[舉例] 1.When people are waiting for the bus, he takes his turn.
2.The two boys took turns in driving to the faraway village.
3.She was happy and angry by turns.
2.reading
1>Jones is an environmental expert who tries to keep animals and plants from becoming endangered.
keep...from doing：“阻止、制止……做某事”
①Please keep the children from swimming in the sea．請(qǐng)別讓孩子們到海里游泳。
stop／prevent．…from．…為keep…．from．…的同義詞組，但前者的from可以省去，而
后者中的from卻不可省（如若省去from，則成為keep sb．doing sth．使某人一直做某事）。
②His parents stopped him（from）going there他的父母不讓他去那兒。
③Nothing can prevent her（from）doing so．什么也不能阻止她這樣做。
若表示“阻止做某事”，sth，作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，則from后應(yīng)跟動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，即
“阻止某事被做”。如：
④Nothing can stop the plan from being carried out．什么也不能阻止這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃的實(shí)施。
注意：在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，三個(gè)短語(yǔ)的from皆不可以省去
become endangered“變得處境危險(xiǎn)，受到危害”。其中become為系動(dòng)詞，其后可跟 形容詞、分詞和名詞作其表語(yǔ)。
become quiet變得安靜了
become known被知道了
become a teacher成為一名教師。
2>We human beings could not survive without all plants and animals around us.
本句是含有without條件狀語(yǔ)的非真實(shí)條件句，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)隱藏的條件:if there were no plants and animals around us.它所表示的假設(shè)與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反，句子需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，條件從句需用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。如：
Without air，there would be no living things．沒(méi)有空氣就沒(méi)有生物。
If you needed assistance, I could do something.
假如你需要幫助,我可以幫你做點(diǎn)什么.(看樣子,你不愿接受幫助)
3>He takes us on a tour of Green Park in Birmingham.
tour
[用法]n. 1. 旅行,旅游,游覽 2. 巡視;巡回演出;巡回比賽
[舉例]Mr. Adams made a tour around East Asia last year.
亞當(dāng)斯先生去年往東亞旅行了一次。
Their troupe is on tour in the South.
他們的劇團(tuán)在南方巡回演出。
4>If we want to live a better life and have a bright future ,We must learn to act in ways that do not harm other living things. that do not harm other living things
◆句中的live a better life可以用lead或have代替，意義相同，在life一詞前可以使用
其他形容詞來(lái)表達(dá)不同的意義。如：
①lead／live／have a happy life過(guò)著幸福生活
②lead／live／have a quiet life過(guò)著平靜的生活
◆harm在這里作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“傷害”；相當(dāng)于do sb，／sth．harm或do harm to sb．／
sth．。harm也可作名詞。如：
③It will do you no harm．這對(duì)你沒(méi)有害處。
◆當(dāng)way表示“方式”方法”在句中作先行詞，后被一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句修飾時(shí)，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句可用that，也可以用in which，或什么都不用。下列三種說(shuō)法都是正確的：
④I don’t like the way that he laughed at me
⑤I don’t like the way in which he laughed at me．
⑥I don’t like the way he laughed at me，我不喜歡他用那種方式來(lái)嘲笑我。
注意：定語(yǔ)從句,關(guān)系詞在從句中做主語(yǔ),不可省略
[比較]I don t like the way that you laugh at her. 本句中way在定語(yǔ)從句中做狀語(yǔ),關(guān)系詞用that或in which或省略.
[舉例]1.I was impressed by the way in which she did it.
◆act在作作不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“行事，表現(xiàn)；（采取）行動(dòng)”。又如：
⑦They acted quickly and put out the fire．他們迅速行動(dòng)，將火撲滅。
⑧Think carefully before you act．三思而后行。
⑨He acted as if nothing had happened．他表現(xiàn)得好像什么事也沒(méi)發(fā)生。
◆act可表示“起作用”（vi．）
⑩The medicine is acting wel1．藥正在發(fā)揮效用。
◆扮演（vt.）；表演（vi.）；擔(dān)當(dāng)（vi．）
⑾He acted Mao Zedong very wel1．他扮演毛澤東演得很好。
⑿He just wanted to see her act．他只是想看她演出。
⒀One of my friends acted as go-between．我的一位朋友充當(dāng)中間人。
5>...,we may be able to take measures before it is too late.
take measures
[用法]采取措施
[舉例]Measures must be taken to fulfil the task in time.
6>A species can become endangered for different reasons.
speciesn. 種類(lèi);【生】種;人類(lèi)[the S]
[注意]單復(fù)數(shù)相同
[舉例]There are many species of chrysanthemum.
菊花品種很多。
7>They are all used to their environment; that is, they have learnt how to live successfully in their habitat.
◆“used to”肯定式、否定式、疑問(wèn)式及其后省略情況歸納
(1)used to的肯定式
used to意為“過(guò)去常常”，常用來(lái)表示現(xiàn)在與過(guò)去的對(duì)比或過(guò)去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的情況，含有現(xiàn)在已沒(méi)有這種習(xí)慣。后接動(dòng)詞原形，不接動(dòng)名詞。
e.g.She used to take the bus. 她過(guò)去常乘公共汽車(chē)。
The river used to be clean. 這條河以前是干凈的。
(2)used to的否定式
used to的否定式為didn’t use to, usedn’t to或used not to,其中didn’t use to更常用。
e.g.He didn’t use/usedn’t/used not to come. 他過(guò)去不常來(lái)。
We usedn’t/used not to grow vegetables. 我們過(guò)去不種蔬菜。
(3)used to的疑問(wèn)式
一般疑問(wèn)式：可以是Did…,use to…,也可以是Used…to…
e.g.Did he use to come by bus?
Used he to come by bus? 他過(guò)去常乘公共汽車(chē)嗎？
Used you to smoke? 你過(guò)去抽煙嗎？
反意疑問(wèn)式：
如果used to后要接be動(dòng)詞，疑問(wèn)部分則用didn’t…?或weren’t/wasn’t…?如果used to后接be動(dòng)詞以外的其他動(dòng)詞，疑問(wèn)部分則用didn’t…?或usedn’t…?
e.g. There used to be a lot of flowers in the place, weren’t there/didn’t there?
這一帶過(guò)去有很多花，是嗎？
You used to grow wheat, didn’t you/usedn’t you? 你們過(guò)去種小麥，是嗎？
(4)used to后的省略式
如果used to后面是be，可省略be后的詞，但be本身不可省略；如果used to 后面不是be，而是其他動(dòng)詞，則需省略u(píng)sed to 后面所有的詞。
e.g.Life isn’t so easy as it used to be. 現(xiàn)在生活不如從前那么安逸。
Mary studies Chinese as hard as she used to. 瑪麗學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)和過(guò)去一樣努力。
◆that is:那就是;即
[舉例]John is a New Yorker; that is, he lives in New York.
8>...,the animal or plant has to adapt to the change or find a new home.
adaptvt.1. 使適應(yīng),使適合 2. 改編,改寫(xiě) vi. 適應(yīng)[(+to)]
[舉例]He tried hard to adapt himself to the new conditions. 他努力使自己適應(yīng)新的情況。
10>The good news is that there is a lot we can do to help. that there is a lot we can do to help
[用法]that引導(dǎo)的是表語(yǔ)從句(名詞性從句的一種),其構(gòu)成與賓語(yǔ)從句、主語(yǔ)從句類(lèi)似.
[舉例]The trouble is that we don t have the computer.
11>Even small things can make a big difference.
make a difference: 有關(guān)系;有差別;重要
[聯(lián)想]make no difference 無(wú)甚差別;不要緊
[舉例]Your good score on the coming test will make the difference between your passing or failing the course.
12>Some of the original species becomes endangered
◆common，usual，Ordinary和general的辨析
common意為＂常見(jiàn)的，普通的，一般的＂，側(cè)重指共性，強(qiáng)調(diào)＂非特殊的，非優(yōu)秀的＂或＂不足為奇的＂。usual意為＂通常的，尋常的，慣常的＂，多指符合慣例的。ordinarv意＂通常的，普通的＂，側(cè)重因符合事物的正常法則及一般規(guī)律而十分普遍。general意為＂一般的，普通的＂，指屬于大部分或大部分事物的屬性，因此是普通的、一般的，可能也包括了一些極少的例外。
1）Jack is a（an） name for a boy in English．
2〉When the accident happened，the crowd gathered．
3 ) He was late again as______________.
4)Although she was rich， she was always in ____________ clothes.
5）There is a（an）__________ interest in sports
(common, usual, usual, ordinary, general)
3.integrating skills
1>Professor Stevenson, who has devoted himself to protecting the milu deer, gave a talk to Chinese college students.
devoted ... to ... 把...獻(xiàn)給...;把...專(zhuān)用于...
[舉例]We must devote every effort to helping those homeless children.
Einstein devoted himself to abstract research.
2>How many centers are there at present for the milu deer in China?
at present::現(xiàn)在;目前
[聯(lián)想]present的其他用法: n.禮物 a.在場(chǎng)的;出席的;現(xiàn)在的 vt.贈(zèng)送,給予
presently adv. 一會(huì)兒;不久
[舉例]You may still keep the book for another week because I
am very busy at present.
What he said made all the people present at the
meeting moved a great deal.
Don t worry.The doctor will come to see you presently.
3>Without air, water and sunlight there would be no living things.
there would be
[用法]would仍是虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法,全句意為 (假如)沒(méi)有空氣,水和陽(yáng)光,就不會(huì)有生命.
(而實(shí)際上,現(xiàn)在不可能沒(méi)有空氣,水和陽(yáng)光)
[舉例]If I were you,I would take his advice.
如果我是你,我會(huì)接受他的意見(jiàn).(我不可能是你,這是和事實(shí)相反的一種假設(shè))
4>Human beings often throw away things they have used only once.
throw away:扔掉;拋棄
[舉例]I never had the habit of saving the match boxes.I just threw them away.
[聯(lián)想]throw off 扔掉;擺脫;匆匆脫掉(衣服)
[舉例]I wanted very much to throw off my old clothes so I went into a tailor s shop.
5>In fact,nature is much better at recycling than we humans are.
is much better at:可理解為be good at的比較級(jí)形式
6>May be we should learn from nature and become better recyclers.
learn from:向...學(xué)習(xí);從...吸取教訓(xùn)
[舉例]We should learn from the advanced workers.
我們應(yīng)該向先進(jìn)工作者們學(xué)習(xí).
Why don t you learn from my mistakes?
你為何不從我的錯(cuò)誤中吸取教訓(xùn)呢?
7>We can respond by thinking about nature and telling other people about environmental problems.
Respond vi. 1. 作答,回答[+to] 2. 作出反應(yīng);響應(yīng)[+to/by/with]
[舉例]Has she responded to your letter?
她有沒(méi)有回過(guò)你的信?
The government has responded to pressure and dropped the proposal.
政府已在壓力下放棄了這一建議。
8>A poster should be attractive and easy to understand.
easy to understand:這里的主語(yǔ)poster和understand雖然是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,但表語(yǔ)形容詞后的動(dòng)詞不定式一般用主動(dòng)式
[舉例]Jack is easy to fool.
He is difficult to deal with.
The man is hard to work with.
4>workbook
1>Try to persuade the other group members that you are the most useful animal.
Persuade:persuade sb that/to do/into doing 意為說(shuō)服+成功;
而try to persuade意為 試圖說(shuō)服,但不一定成功 ,相當(dāng)于advise
2>They have spent a large amount of money protecting wild animals.
a large amount of:;同large amounts of,后接不可數(shù)名詞,做主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于amount的數(shù)
[舉例]The number of letters we receive is increasing.
I have a large number of books on the subject.
We must often memorize large amounts of material.
3>Up to a hundred species become extinct every day.
Up to:此處意為 高達(dá)...
[聯(lián)想]What are you up to? 你在忙些什么？
It ‘s up to you!（由你做主）
I ‘m up to my ears[忙得不可開(kāi)交；深陷于某事物中] in work.（我忙死了）
extincta.1. (火等)熄滅了的 2. 消亡了的;破滅了的 3. 絕種的,滅絕的
[舉例]The volcano is extinct. 這座火山是座死火山。
My hope of getting some employment was extinct. 我要找到工作的希望落空了。
The passenger pigeon is extinct. 旅鴿已絕種。
4>The Malayan sun bear is among the animals that need our help.
Among:在……當(dāng)中
[舉例]A giraffe is the tallest among (or of) all animals.
5>The bears can t find enough food,so they have to go look for food on farms.
go look for：尋找
[舉例]Let s go look for some food. 讓我們?nèi)フ尹c(diǎn)吃的.
6>There are also people who like to keep Malayan sun bearts as pets.
keep ... as ...：把...當(dāng)作寵物來(lái)喂養(yǎng)
[聯(lián)想]keep…as it is按原樣保留
[舉例] The experts suggested we keep the ancient house as it is.
7>Now that the basic conditions are set,it is time to think
how your world will work .
Now that：既然;由于,引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句
[舉例]Now (that) you are well again,you can travel.
5>單句改錯(cuò)
1.At the present,we don’t have any trouble in solving the problems.
簡(jiǎn)析：去掉第一個(gè)the,或在present后加time。
at present是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“現(xiàn)在、目前”。也可用at the present time 來(lái)表示。
2.Too much of the deer in the country have been killed.
簡(jiǎn)析：將much改為many。too much后接的是不可數(shù)名詞。too many后接可數(shù)名詞。句中的deer是可數(shù)名詞，其單復(fù)數(shù)同形。
3.The sun was disappeared behind the cloud.
簡(jiǎn)析：把was去掉。disappear表示“消失，失蹤”，是不及物動(dòng)詞，不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
4.Some day,I saw some foreign visitors in the park.
簡(jiǎn)析：把Some改為One。some day和one day都作“有一天”講。但前者是指“將來(lái)有一天”，只能用于將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的句子中；后者既可用于“過(guò)去的某一天”，也可用于“將來(lái)的某一天”。
5.There used to have an old temple in the village.
簡(jiǎn)析：把have改為be。used to用于there be結(jié)構(gòu)中，即There used to be…意為“過(guò)去有……”。
6>高考真題
1.(1999 上海)My parents always let me have my own___________of living.
A.way B.method C.manner D.fashion
簡(jiǎn)析：答案為A。have one’s own way of doing sth.是習(xí)慣用法，意為“有自己做某事的方法”。
2.(NMET 1998)-Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?
-I’m afraid ___________day is possible.
A.either B.neither C.some D.any
簡(jiǎn)析：答案為B。前句提到Monday or Tuesday,意為在兩者之中選擇，故可排除C、D兩項(xiàng)。后文用I’m afraid…來(lái)回答，顯然是否定含義，故選neither，意為兩天都不可能。
3.(2002 北京)All the people___________at the party were his supporters.
A.present B.thankful C.interested D.important
簡(jiǎn)析：答案為A。由句意可知是“所有出席宴會(huì)的人都是他的支持者”，故只能選present。當(dāng)“出席，在場(chǎng)”講時(shí)，present作定語(yǔ)放在所修飾詞后。
4.(NMET 2000)-Is John coming by train?
-He should,but he___________not.He likes driving his car.
A.must B.can C.need D.may
簡(jiǎn)析：答案為D。must not意為“禁止，不許”；need not意為“不必”；can表推測(cè)多用于否定、疑問(wèn)句中，但can not表“不可能”，與句意不符。只有may not表示“有可能”。