單元目標(biāo)
1．正確掌握并能熟練運(yùn)用幾種過(guò)去時(shí)：
一般過(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)和過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
①一般過(guò)去時(shí)
(A)表示某一確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)
eg：When did the Red Army started on the Long March?
紅軍什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始長(zhǎng)征的?
(B)表示過(guò)去某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生成為習(xí)慣的動(dòng)作
eg：We used to get up at 5 every morning when we were in the country．
在農(nóng)村時(shí)，我們每天早晨5點(diǎn)起床．
(C)在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)
eg：The meeting would start the moment he arrived．
他一到，會(huì)議就將開(kāi)始．
②過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
(A)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作
eg：What were you doing at 8 p．m．yesterday evening?
昨晚8點(diǎn)你在干什么?
(B)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或正在發(fā)生的歷史事件
eg：We were building a dam last winter．
去年冬天我們一直在修一座水壩．
③過(guò)去完成時(shí)
(A)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之前就已完成的動(dòng)作
eg：By the end of last year，he had learned 1，000 English words．
到去年年底為止，他已經(jīng)學(xué)了1000個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞了．
(B)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻起，一直延續(xù)到另一個(gè)過(guò)去時(shí)刻
eg：They had worked for 12 hours by six p．m．
到下午6點(diǎn)鐘為止，他們已工作了12小時(shí)．
④過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
主要表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間以前就一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，該動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻，并有可能再繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去．用圖表示：
這段時(shí)間進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作
eg：Yesterday she came across me in the market and asked me what I had been doing these days．
昨天她在市場(chǎng)里碰到了我，并問(wèn)我這些天一直在干什么．
2．用下列詞和詞組復(fù)述課文
on a fine day；sailing ship；across the Atlantic；towards．．．；with all onboard；but for；
leak；lose the battle；on the point of．．．；take charge；encourage sb．to do．．．；3 times during that day；give up；in the end；safely；express．．．to sb．；hold one’s hand firmly；
recognize；some thirty years ago；the determination
表解重點(diǎn)
構(gòu) 成
常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
一般過(guò)
去時(shí)
worked
yesterday；last week(month．．．)；ago；in 1 960；once；at that time；just now；the other day；when．．．；every day(week．．．)
過(guò)去進(jìn)
行時(shí)
was working were working
yesterday morning(afternoon．．．)；at 10 p．m．．last night；at that time；when．．．；as．．．
過(guò)去完
成時(shí)
had worked
by；before；until；as soon as：when；already；yet；still；never；hardly；ever；just；since；by the end of last year；by then
過(guò)去完成
進(jìn)行時(shí)
had been working
these years；for；by the end of last month；by then；since
過(guò)去各種時(shí)態(tài)及常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(以work為例)
討論難點(diǎn)
一般過(guò)去時(shí)
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
過(guò)去完成時(shí)
構(gòu)
成
was given
were given
was being given
were being given
had been given
1．過(guò)去時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成(以give為例)
eg：①China’s first television station was set up in Beijing in 1958．
中國(guó)第一座電視臺(tái)已于1958年在北京建成．
②At that time Professor Wang was being asked many questions about the universe．
當(dāng)時(shí)有關(guān)宇宙的許多問(wèn)題正在請(qǐng)教王教授．
③Production costs had been greatly reduced in the factory by the end of last year．
到去年年底前，這家廠的生產(chǎn)成本已大大降低了．
2．P 128 in the Workbook
請(qǐng)注意這一句型：
It would be 2 months before they could get another one．
要過(guò)兩個(gè)月他們才能再搞到一只猴子．
eg：It will be 2 hours before Tom comes back．
要過(guò)兩個(gè)小時(shí)湯姆才會(huì)回來(lái)．
*It was not long before…．不久……
eg：He killed that landlord on the cold evening．It was not long be fore went north．
在那個(gè)寒冷的夜晚，他殺了那個(gè)地主．不久他就北上了．
核心知識(shí)
1．正確掌握并熟練運(yùn)用下列交際用語(yǔ)
做錯(cuò)事時(shí)的用語(yǔ)：I’m sorry about that．
I’m sorry to have done that．
I didn’t mean to be so rude．
I feel rather ashamed．
I apologize for being so angry with you．
I’m afraid that IP lease excuse me for
別人向你道歉時(shí)你可用：That’s OK．That’s all right．
Never mind．It’s not important．
That’s nothing．It doesn’t matter．
Don’t worry about that．There is no need to do
2．本單元詞、詞語(yǔ)和句型的用法
① change one’s mind： change one’s plan
eg： Once you make a decision，you’d better not change your mind．
一旦你作出決定，你最好別改變主意．
② be sorry to do be sorry for be sorry about be sorry that
以上幾種用法譯為：難過(guò)，抱歉，遺憾，后悔
eg：I am sorry to have been so foolish．我很難過(guò)我會(huì)這么傻．
I’m sorry for giving you so much trouble．對(duì)不住，給你帶來(lái)這么多麻煩．
Aren’t you sorry about what you have done?
難道你不為你自己的所做所為感到遺憾嗎?
I was sorry that he had to go at once．我很遺憾他得馬上走．
③There is no need for．．．．There is no need(for sb．)to do．．．．
eg：There is no need for alarm．沒(méi)必要驚慌．
There is no need for him to stay in Beijing．對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)沒(méi)必要待在北京．
*SB．have／has(no)need of sth．SB．have／has(no)need to do．．．．
eg：We have no need of your help．我們不需要你的幫助．
He has need to practise speaking English every day．
他需要每天練習(xí)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)．
④besides adv．moreover；also再者；況且
eg：I don’t want to see the film；besides，it’s raining outside．
我不想去看那部電影，況且，外面又在下雨．
⑤burst into：后置名詞；表示突然……
burst out：后置動(dòng)名詞；表示突然……
eg：burst into tears／laughter譯文：突然哭起來(lái)／突然笑起來(lái)
burst out crying／laughing譯文：突然哭起來(lái)／突然笑起來(lái)
⑥but for：假如沒(méi)有，不是(句子謂語(yǔ)多用虛擬語(yǔ)氣)
eg：But for the rain we should have had a pleasant journey．
要不是那場(chǎng)雨的話，我們應(yīng)該有一次愉快的旅行．
But for my brother’s help l would not have finished the work．
多虧我哥哥幫忙，否則我不會(huì)完成這項(xiàng)工作．
⑦on the point of．．．正要(去干某事)
eg：I was just on the point of leaving when the telephone rang．
我正要離開(kāi)，就在那時(shí)電話鈴響了．
The coach was on the point of giving up the game when our team scored two points．
教練正準(zhǔn)備放棄比賽，這時(shí)我們隊(duì)得了兩分．
⑧envy：后可置間接或直接賓語(yǔ)，譯為羨慕和嫉妒．
eg：I don’t envy you your journey in this bad weather．
我不羨慕你在這壞天氣里去旅行．
eg：I envy your good fortune．
我羨慕你的好運(yùn)．
⑨leave：可用動(dòng)詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞、形容詞、名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)．
eg：We left him to play alone．我們讓他獨(dú)自一人玩．
Don’t leave her standing outside．It’s cold．
別讓她站在外面，外面冷．
He got up late and had to leave the breakfast unfinished．
他起得晚了，不得不沒(méi)吃完早飯就走．
Hearing the bad news，Tom hurried to the hospital，leaving the door open．
一聽(tīng)到這壞消息，湯姆門都不關(guān)，就急匆匆趕往醫(yī)院．
Leave your hat and coat in the hall．
把你的帽子和上衣放在客廳里好了．
Her parents died and she was left an orphan．
她父母死了，留下她成了孤兒．
⑩with+名詞：可用動(dòng)詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
eg：So in the afternoon，with nothing to do，I went on around of the bookshops．
所以在下午，由于沒(méi)事可干，我去書(shū)店逛了一圈．
With the price of gold going up，South Africa’s economy was good．
隨著黃金價(jià)格的上揚(yáng)，南非的經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇了．
All the afternoon he was reading with the door closed．
整個(gè)下午，他閉門讀書(shū)．
Last week I met with an interesting boy with two front teeth missing．
上星期，我碰到了一位令人有趣的，掉了兩顆門牙的男孩．
With John away，we all felt disappointed．
約翰走了，我們大家都感到失望．
Hearing the footstep，the man rushed out with a gun in his hand．
一聽(tīng)到腳步聲，那男的就手拿一桿槍沖了出去．
⑾search sb．for sth．為某物搜某人的身
search some place．for sb．／sth．為某人或某物搜查某地
search for：到處搜尋
search out：找尋到
search through：把……仔細(xì)搜尋一遍
eg：They were searching the spy for a secret map．
他們?yōu)榱艘粡埫孛艿貓D而搜那位特務(wù)的身．
I’ve searched all my drawers for the letter，but I can’t find it．
我為了那封信已搜遍了所有的抽屜，但沒(méi)能找到．
We should search for the lost child till we find him．
我們應(yīng)該搜尋那位丟失的小孩，直到找到為止．
The police were trying to search out the real murderer．
警察正在盡力找出那位真正的殺人犯．
He searched through his pockets and still can’t find his keys．
他把他的口袋都仔細(xì)搜了一遍，但仍找不到他的鑰匙．
⑿towards：prep．near
eg：They left towards 10 o’clock．他們將近10點(diǎn)離開(kāi)．
towards evening；將近傍晚
(13)on board：(A)on a ship／a plane／a train
(B)onto／into a ship／a plane／a train
eg：There were 500 people on board when the ship sank．
船沉?xí)r，船上有500人．
I left the airport after she got on board the plane．
她登上飛機(jī)后，我離開(kāi)了機(jī)場(chǎng)．
2．辨析①for sale；intended to be sold ( usu．by or on behalf of the owners)
on sale：(of goods in shops，etc．)offered for purchase
eg：Is the house for sale?
這屋出售嗎?
There are some nice apples on sale in that shop．
那家商店有上好的蘋果賣．
②mean to do．．．：打算干……
mean doing．．．：意味著干……
be meant for：適合于……
eg：I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings．I’m sorry．
對(duì)不起．我不是有意要傷害你的感情．
Accepting that job means living abroad．
接受那工作意味著要住在國(guó)外．
He is not meant for a soldier and will always be unhappy in the army．
他不適合當(dāng)兵，在軍隊(duì)里他永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)快樂(lè)．
③remark：n．comment
review：n．a(chǎn)rticle that critically examines a new book，etc．
eg：He made a few remarks about the people in that area．
他對(duì)那個(gè)地區(qū)的人發(fā)表了一些看法．
Your remarks may have hurt her feelings．
你的評(píng)論可能傷了他的感情．
g：His book got good reviews．
他的書(shū)受到好評(píng)．
write reviews for the monthly magazines
為月刊寫書(shū)評(píng)
④except：除去……(不包括……)
except tor：除去……(除去部分和主語(yǔ)不同類)可放在句前或句后
but：除去……(多和nothing，not anything，nobody，nowhere，who，all等連用
besides：除去……還有……(包括……)
apart from：besides，except for；可放在句前或句后
eg：They all went to sleep except Tom．
除了湯姆他們都去睡覺(jué)了．
Your picture is good except for some of the colours．
你的畫(huà)除了一些色彩之外整體是好的．
Except for one old lady，the bus was empty．
除了一位老太太，那公共汽車是空的．
Nobody else but Robert could say such a thing．
除了Robert沒(méi)人會(huì)說(shuō)這樣的事．
Who but a fool would do such a thing?
除了傻瓜誰(shuí)會(huì)做那樣的事?
He had other people to take care of besides me．
他除了我之外還有別的人要照顧(我也要他照顧)．
Apart from them，I had no one to talk to．
除了他們之外，我沒(méi)有可談話的人．
The children hardly see anyone，apart from their parents．
這些孩子除了他們的父母之外，幾乎看不到任何別人．
⑤prepare for：為……作準(zhǔn)備
prepare．．．for．．．：為……準(zhǔn)備……
prepare sb．for．．．：為某人準(zhǔn)備……
be prepared for．．．：對(duì)……做好了準(zhǔn)備
eg：I’m preparing for the College Entrance Examination．
我正為大學(xué)入學(xué)考試作準(zhǔn)備．
I’m preparing some clothes for the trip．
我正為旅行準(zhǔn)備一些衣服．
These mothers are busy preparing their children for schooling．
這些母親們正忙著為她們的孩子們準(zhǔn)備上學(xué)．
Philip wasn’t prepared for the question．
菲利普對(duì)那問(wèn)題沒(méi)有做好準(zhǔn)備．
典型例題
1 MET 1992
- We could have walked to the station；it was so near．
- Yes．A taxi __ at all necessary．
A．wasn’t B．hadn’t been C．wouldn’t be D．won’t be
-我們本來(lái)可以走著到車站的．它這么近．
一是的．坐出租車一點(diǎn)都沒(méi)有必要．
答案：A．說(shuō)這句話時(shí)，他們已經(jīng)到了車站．所以坐出租車已是過(guò)去的動(dòng)作．
2 MET 1992
Tom __________into the house when no one_________．
A．slipped；was looking B．had slipped；looked
C．slipped；had looked D．was slipping；looked
湯姆溜進(jìn)那棟房子，當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)有一個(gè)人看見(jiàn)．
答案：A．when在這句子中解釋為just at that time，強(qiáng)調(diào)湯姆在溜進(jìn)房間的一瞬間，沒(méi)人看見(jiàn)．
3 MET 1995
I don’t think Jim saw me；he _________ into space．
A．just stared B．was just staring
C．has just stared D．had just stared．
我想吉姆沒(méi)看見(jiàn)我．他只是凝視著太空．
答案：B．本題兩句間有因果關(guān)系．第二句是第一分句的原因．同時(shí)，這兩個(gè)分句間還有時(shí)間關(guān)系，第一分句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞saw是短動(dòng)詞，因此其代表某點(diǎn)的時(shí)間，這就是第二分句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為什么用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的原因．
4 NMET 1997
I first met Lisa three years ago．She ____________ at a radio shop at that time．
A．has worked B．was working
C．had been working D．had worked
三年前，我第一次碰到麗莎．她那時(shí)正在一家收音機(jī)商店工作．
答案：B．從第一句話的過(guò)去時(shí)，我們可以看出第二句話我們也得用過(guò)去時(shí)．用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，是因?yàn)樵诘诙湓捑湮灿衋t that time這個(gè)短語(yǔ)．
關(guān)于“Unit8 A person of great determination”的常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題】
常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題1: 高三英語(yǔ) Unit8 A person of great determination
問(wèn)題：
As she__________ the newspaper，Granny _____________ asleep．
A．read；was falling B．was reading；fell
C．was reading；was falling D．read；fall
解答:
譯文：她正在讀報(bào)的時(shí)候，她的奶奶入睡了．
答案：B．read是一個(gè)延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而fall是一個(gè)瞬間動(dòng)詞．
常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題2: 高三英語(yǔ) Unit8 A person of great determination
問(wèn)題：
Helen __ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ____________ home．
A．has left；comes B．left；had come
C．had left；came D．had left；would come
解答:
譯文：海倫把她的鑰匙遺忘在了辦公室，所以她只得等她丈夫回家．
答案：C．在so引導(dǎo)的復(fù)合從句中，主句用了had to過(guò)去時(shí)，在until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)．第一分句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在第二分句之前，所以應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)．