單元教學(xué)目標(biāo)
1. 教學(xué)反身代詞
2. 進(jìn)一步熟悉動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式
3. 學(xué)習(xí)由and、but等并列連詞構(gòu)成的并列句
【重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)解析】
1. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could的用法
(1)用作一種委婉的語(yǔ)氣向?qū)Ψ教岢鼋ㄗh或請(qǐng)求，在這種情況下，它與can沒(méi)有時(shí)間上的區(qū)別，可以換用，但could比can更委婉、更有禮貌。例如：
Could you ask him to call me, please?
請(qǐng)你讓他給我打電話好嗎?
(2)表示“過(guò)去能夠/有能力……”，could/couldn't是can/can't的過(guò)去式，在這種情況下，can與could不能互換，can表示現(xiàn)在或目前的狀況，而could表示過(guò)去的狀況，兩個(gè)詞有時(shí)間上的差別。例如：
Could you swim two years ago? 兩年前你會(huì)游泳嗎?
No, I couldn't. 不，我不會(huì)。
2. 反身代詞
(1)形式：
單數(shù)
myself yourself himself herself itself
復(fù)數(shù)
ourselves yourselves themselves
(2)一般情況下，當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人時(shí)，我們常用反身代詞作賓語(yǔ)。有些詞與反身代詞構(gòu)成固定搭配：
①(all) by oneself 獨(dú)自，靠某人自己. 如：
She can do it all by herself. 她可以完全靠自己做這件事。
②hurt oneself 傷著自己，受傷. 例如：
I hope she didn't hurt herself. 我希望她沒(méi)受傷。
③teach oneself. . . =learn sth. by oneself 自學(xué). 例如：
He teaches herself English. 她自學(xué)英語(yǔ)。
=She learns English by herself。
④buy oneself sth. 給自己買某物。例如：
I can buy myself lots of good things. 我可以給自己買許多好東西。
⑤enjoy oneself 過(guò)得愉快 (=have a good time)。例如：
I always enjoy myself. 我總是過(guò)得愉快。
=I always have a good time.
⑥look after oneself 自己照料自己。例如：
He could not look after himself. 他不能自理。
⑦wash oneself. 自己洗漱。例如：
He could not wash himself. 他不能自己洗漱。
⑧help oneself to. . . 請(qǐng)隨便(取、吃什么東西)。例如：
Help yourselves to the cakes. 請(qǐng)隨便吃些蛋糕。
【命題趨勢(shì)分析】
用反身代詞填空。
1. Be careful not to hurt .
It's a new knife.
2. I don't need any help.
I can do it all by .
3. -Do you enjoy ?
-Yes, we enjoy very much.
4. Look at . What's wrong with your face?
5. She thinks more of others than of .
6. -Who taught her?
-Nobody! She taught .
7. He could not wash or get dressed.
8. Help to some cakes.
答案與解析：
1. yourself。“傷著自己”是hurt oneself，因?yàn)槭瞧硎咕洌蕴顈ourself。
2. myself。all by oneself意為“完全靠自己”，意即不需別人幫助，因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)是第一人稱I，所以應(yīng)填myself。
3. yourselves, ourselves。“玩得痛快”用enjoy oneself，前句主語(yǔ)是you，答語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)是we，由此可知you是復(fù)數(shù)，所以兩空應(yīng)填yourselves, ourselves。
4. 從該句句意可知，所填反身代詞應(yīng)為第二人稱，作look at的賓語(yǔ)。應(yīng)填yourself。
5. herself。該句意為“她為別人想的比自己多”，主語(yǔ)是she，所以應(yīng)填herself。
6. herself。“自學(xué)”譯為teach oneself，主語(yǔ)是she，所以賓語(yǔ)要用herself。
7. himself。主語(yǔ)是he，動(dòng)詞wash的賓語(yǔ)應(yīng)為himself。
8. yourself help oneself(to) 意為“隨便吃……”，又因?yàn)槭瞧硎咕洌詰?yīng)用第二人稱，該空應(yīng)填yourself。
核心知識(shí)
【常用詞匯積累】
1. 名詞：candle cookies moonlight sonata.
2. 動(dòng)詞：afford knock pardon return shine shone.
3. 形容詞：blind bright clever dim few poor.
4. 副詞：brightly sign.
5. 介詞：through.
6. 代詞：yourself.
7. 詞組：come along， fall off， knock at， knock on， leave…behind， look up，to one's surprise.
【基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)精講】
1. Lily is falling off her bike。
fall off=fall down form 意思是“從…上摔下來(lái)”. 例如：
Be careful! Don't fall off the ladder.
小心點(diǎn)! 別從梯子上摔下來(lái)。
2. Look at this photo of Lily. 看莉莉的這張照片。
this photo of Lily. 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是照片中的人物就是莉莉，假如要強(qiáng)調(diào)這張照片歸莉莉所有， 要用Lily's photo。
3. She taught herself. 她自學(xué)
teach oneself 意為“自學(xué)”如：
we teach ourselves Japanese 我們自學(xué)日語(yǔ)
teach sb sth 如：
Miss Gao taught them English last year. 高老師去年教他們英語(yǔ)。
4. He heard someone playing his sonata in F.
他聽見某人正用F調(diào)在彈他的奏鳴曲。
hear sb doing 表示聽到某人正在做什么. 如：
Lily heard Lin Tao singing in the classroom.
莉莉聽見林濤正在教室里唱歌。
5. This piece of music is so difficult to play.
這首曲是如此難以彈奏。
so difficult to do sth. 表示“做什么事非常難”
too…to 則表示太…而不能做. 如：
She is too young to go to school. 她太小了而不能上學(xué)。
6. We cannot afford to buy tickets of the concert.
我們沒(méi)有錢去買音樂(lè)會(huì)的票
afford to do sth 表示有“足夠的錢去做什么事”
7. To his surprise he found the girl was blind.
使他驚奇的是，他發(fā)現(xiàn)那個(gè)女孩是個(gè)盲人。
to one's surprise. 使某人驚奇的是…
8. They both lost themselves in the beautiful music.
他們兩個(gè)都沉浸在美妙的音樂(lè)中。
lost oneself in 沉浸于…中
9. After Beethoven went back home, he worked all night written down that new piece of music.
貝多芬回家后，他工作了一整夜，寫下了那首新歌曲。
go back home 回家 all night 整夜 all day 整天 write down 寫下
10. He had lots of money. 他有許多錢。
lots of 意為“許多，很多”相當(dāng)于 a lot of. 它們既可修飾可數(shù)名詞，又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞，常用在肯定句中，否定句中常用many和much來(lái)代替，如：
I have quite a lot of homework to do.
我有很多作業(yè)要做。
He doesn't have much money. 他沒(méi)有錢。
11. I don't enjoy myself very much. 我一點(diǎn)也不快樂(lè)。
enjoy oneself 意為“快樂(lè)，高興”，指某人內(nèi)心感到愉快。
We enjoyed ourselves during the holiday. 我們假期很快樂(lè)。
12. we're going on a trip tomorrow. 明天我們要去旅行。
13. would you like to come along? 你想一起去嗎?
14. My little brother is too young to look after himself.
我弟弟太小了不能照顧自己。
look after oneself. 照看(顧)某人自己。
15. He may hurt himself and my parents will be very worried.
他也許會(huì)傷著自己，我父母會(huì)非常擔(dān)心的。
16. Help yourselves. Help oneself to…請(qǐng)隨便(取，吃什么東西). 如：
Help yourself to the cakes. 請(qǐng)隨便吃些蛋糕。
17. Don't leave anything behind. 別丟下任何東西。
18. Thank you for serving us. 謝謝你招待我們。
Thank you for sth/doing. 謝謝某人某事。
典型例題
【課本難題解答】
1. 選擇填空。
Please when the train leaves.
A. find B. look for C. find out D. found out
解析：答案C. find與find out都有“發(fā)現(xiàn)”的意思。find表示偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)某物，find out指經(jīng)過(guò)一番努力之后才發(fā)現(xiàn)某物，查出某事。而look for意為“尋找”只表示動(dòng)作，不表示結(jié)果。所以正確答案為C。
2. 用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
The Greens (have) breakfast now.
解析：從句中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)now判斷，該句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是正在發(fā)生，因此是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，the Greens是姓氏復(fù)數(shù)前加the表示“……一家”是復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以正確答案是are having.
3. 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
They enjoyed (they) at the party.
解析：當(dāng)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作反射到動(dòng)作者本身時(shí)，應(yīng)該用反身代詞。enjoy oneself是固定搭配，所以應(yīng)填themselves.
4. 改錯(cuò)：
Can you swim when you were 5 years old?
A B C D
解析：本句意為“你五歲時(shí)會(huì)游泳嗎? ”指的是以前的事，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，因此can應(yīng)為could。A錯(cuò)。
【閱讀分析點(diǎn)撥】
I arrived in the United States on February 6, 1986, but I still remember my first day here very clearly. My friend was waiting for me when my plane landed at Demedy Airport at three o'clock in the afternoon. The weather was very cold and it was snowing, but I was too excited to mind. From the airport, my friend and I took a taxi to my hotel. My friend helped me unpack at the hotel and then left me because he had to go back to work. He promised(答應(yīng))to return the next day.
Shortly after my friend had left. I went to a restaurant next the hotel to get something to eat. Because I couldn't speak a word of English, I couldn't tell the waiter what I wanted. I was very upset(苦惱)and started to make gestures(手勢(shì)) ，but the waiter didn't understand me. Finally, I ordered the same thing the man at the next table was eating. After dinner, I started to walk around the city. I wanted to see everything on my first day. I knew it impossible, but I wanted to try.
( )1. February 6, 1986 was a day unforgettable(難以忘懷)to the writer because .
A. it was his first day in America
B. it was very dear that day
C. it was very cold that day
D. that day he took a plane and landed at Kennedy Airport
( )2. At the airport he was greeted(迎接) by .
A. a friend of his
B. one of his relatives(親戚)
C. someone he had not met before
D. no one
( )3. Which of the following is not true?
A. His friend promised to be at the hotel again.
B. He and his friend took a taxi to the hotel.
C. His friend helped him unpack at the hotel.
D. His friend left him right after they got to the hotel.
( )4. He went to to get something to eat.
A. an inn(客棧)
B. a tea house
C. a pub(小酒館)
D. a nearby restaurant
( )5. He did not have what he really wanted, because .
A. he didn't want something to eat
B. he could only make gestures
C. the waiter could not serve(服務(wù)) well
D. he could not speak English
關(guān)于“Unit 21 She taught herself”的常見問(wèn)題】
常見問(wèn)題1: Unit 21
問(wèn)題：
1. We should(應(yīng)該) find out the answer by .
A. ours B. our C. ourselves
. -Who're fishing(釣魚) over there?
- . ('97山東)
A. Browns B. Brown C. The Brown D. The Browns
3. She is a new student Lucy. ('97陜西)
A. is called B. calls C. called D. calling
4. Help to some fish, children. ('97陜西)
A. you B. your C. yourself D. yourselves
5. -Help yourself to some fish.
- . ('97天津)
A. Yes, all right B. That's all right
C. Yes, please D. No, thank you
解答:
1. C. “by+反身代詞”意為“獨(dú)自”、“單獨(dú)”，相當(dāng)于alone。在by前加all，起加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣作用。
2. D. “the+復(fù)數(shù)姓氏”意為“某某一家人”或“某夫婦”。
3. C. called Lucy在這里意為“被稱作露茜的”。該短語(yǔ)叫過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)，作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾前面的名詞。
4. D. “help+反身代詞+介詞to”意為“隨便吃些……”，是招待客人的禮貌用語(yǔ)。本題因勸請(qǐng)的對(duì)象不是一人(注意children)，故不能用C。
5. D. 對(duì)方勸請(qǐng)你吃東西時(shí)，按英美人的習(xí)慣，道聲“謝謝”后便可毫不客氣地吃；如果真的不想吃或吃飽了，應(yīng)該禮貌地加以拒絕，這時(shí)常說(shuō)“No, thank you(thanks). ”等。