【單元知識綱要】
類別
語 言 項 目
備 注
語
音
拼讀規則：oo︱u︱ foot good ︱u:︱ moon noom u︱u:︱ blue rude ︱ju:︱tune huge ︱u︱full pull
其發音規則詳見本單元教學目標
詞
匯
fast feed chicken sheep cow grow corn wheat tractor country bleat(羊、小牛等叫) summer winter pick until college also use somebody nobody exciting quickly beautiful interesting
have to get home on a farm in town in the country go fishing lots of agree with pick corn/apples… help…with
日
常
交
際
How are you? Fine, thanks.
Let’s go!
Which would you like better/best,…?
I like…better/best.
I’m going to college/be a farmer…
Don’t you want to be a farmer?
somebody is following us.
語
法
be going to的用法，I’m going to go fishing tomorrow.
What are we going to do next week?
多音節形容詞或副詞的比較等級的變化
more exciting most delicious
Which do you like best, dogs, cats or chickens?
前者詳見“重點難點解析”，后者詳見“基礎知識精講”
核心知識
A: Have you ever been to West Hill Farm?
B: No. I've never been to that farm before. What kinds of animals have they got?
A: They've got some beautiful pigs.
B: Really? Are pigs beautiful? I've seen them before, but they weren't beautiful at all!
A： 你曾到過西山農場嗎？
B： 不，我以前從來沒有去過那個農場。
他們有哪些種類的動物？
A： 他們有一些漂亮的豬。
B： 真的嗎？豬會漂亮嗎？
我以前見過它們，但它們一點也不漂亮！
【常用單詞積累】
fast feed chicken sheep cow grow corn wheat tractor country city bleat（羊小牛等叫） summer winter pick until college also use somebody nobody exciting quickly beautiful interesting have to get home on a farm in town in the country go fishing lots of agree with pick corn/apples（摘玉米/蘋果…） help sb. with sth.（幫某人做某事）
【基礎知識精講】
1. I have to get home to do my work.我必須回家做我的工作。
have to意為“必須，不得不”，意思等同于“must”，但“have to”多指客觀原因造成不得不做某事，而“must”帶有主觀性，指主觀意識上必須做某事。例如：
① It’s raining now. I have to stay at home.
正在下雨，我不得不呆在家里。
② Sorry，I have to go now.
對不起，我現在必須得走了。
③ Do you have to leave so soon？
你必須這么快就離開嗎？
2.Today I must feed the animals.今天我必須喂動物。
feed意思是“喂養、飼養”，feed on意思是“以…為食物”。
例如：
① I feed the Chickens very morning.我每天早上喂這些小雞。
② The mother is feeding her bady.這位母親正在喂她的孩子。
③ Cows feed on grass.牛以草為食物。
3. I also live on a farm.我也住在農場。
also，“也”的意思，位于句子中間；“too”，“也”的意思，位于句子末尾，且用于肯定句。例如：
① John is also coming to the party.
約翰也來參加聚會。
② There are also thirty－eight students in our class.
我們班也是三十八位學生。
例句①②可用以下句子改寫：
③ John is coming to the party too.
④ There are thirty-eight students in our class，too.
4. John agrees with Ji Wei.約翰同意紀魏。
agree with sb.意思是“同意某人的意見，同意某人所說的話”。
例如：
① I quite agree with you. 我相當同意你的意見。
② Does your father agree with me？ 你的父親同意我嗎？
5. Because I can see lots of animals there.因為在那兒我能看到許多動物。
lots of相當于 a lot of，既可修飾可數名詞也可修飾不可數名詞，常用在陳述句中。而many只能修飾可數名詞，much只能修飾不可數名詞。
例如： many，much常用在疑問句，否定句中。
① Can you see many stars in the sky at night？
晚上你能看見天空中許多星星嗎？
② Is there much bread in the shop？
商店里有大量的面包嗎？
③ He has a lot of money.
他有許多錢。
④ Lots of people go swimming today.
今天有許多人去游泳。
另外，much，a little還可修飾比較級來表示程度。例如：
⑤ This drawing is much better than that one.
這幅畫比那幅好得多。
6. I’m going to college.我打算上大學。
college意思是“學院、大學”一般指專業性的學院，一所綜合性大學可由幾個學院組成。例如：
① a teacher’s college師范學院
② WuHan University Economics college武漢大學經濟學院
7. I can learn more about farming.
我可以學到更多的關于農業的知識。
more為many和much的比較級，在此為much的比較級，many和much的最高級為most.例如：
① There are more people in the park today
今天公園里有更多的人。
② I want to learn how to get the most corn and wheat from each field.
我想學習從一塊地里如何獲得最多的玉米和小麥。
8. 多音節形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級的構成：
① 比較級 more + 原級 如： more interesting更有趣的
more carefully更仔細的
② 最高級（the）most + 原級 如： most delicious最可口的
most dangerous最危險的
【重點難點解析】
1. Do you live on a farm？
Yes，a small one.
你住在農場嗎？是的，一個小的農場。
one是指示代詞，指代可數名詞，如果指代復數名詞時，則要用ones.
例如：
① Have another one，Please.請再吃一個。
② I don’t have a colour pencil. Can I borrow one from you？
我沒有彩色鉛筆，我能從你那兒借一支嗎？
③ All of the photos are Jim’s. He takes some very good ones.
這些所有的照片都是吉姆的，他拍了一些非常好的照片。
2. Can I come and help you feed the animals？
我能來幫你，喂這些動物嗎？
help sb.（to） do sth.幫助某人做某事。例如：
① He often helps his mother do housework.
他經常幫他媽媽做家務。
② David usually helps Li Lei to learn English.
大衛經常幫李雷學習英語。
此外，help sb.with sth.也有“幫助某人做某事”之意，它與 help sb. do sth..經常可以通用。如例（2）句可改為：
David usually helps Li Lei with his English.
3.They don’t use animals to do farm work any mone.
他們不再使用動物來做農活。
not…any more表示“不再”，相當于no more.例如：
① I don’t go there any more. 我不再到那里去了。
② They don’t live in the country any more. 他們不再住在鄉下。
③ I can’t wait any more. 我再不能等下去了。
4.Often Katy reads until late at night.
通常凱蒂讀書直到深夜。
（1）until意思是“到…為止，直到”，表示主語發出的動作一直持續到until表示的時間才停止。例如：
① I usually sleep until seven o’clock in the morning on weekends.
在周末我通常睡到早晨七點鐘。
② They are going to stay here until saturday.
他們將在這逗留到星期六。
（2）late at night深夜。late表示“晚期的、末期的”。
例如： late in spring晚春（春天的晚期）
late in the September九月下旬（九月的末期）
late in the morning后半早晨（早晨的后段時間）
5.What are you going to do after you leave school？
你離開學校后打算做什么？
“be going to+動詞原形”，這一結構表示說話人打算、準備要做某事或表示某事即將發生或肯定要發生，常與 tomorrow，next week等表示將來的時間狀語連用。be隨著主語的人稱和數的變化作相應變化，否定句在be后加否定詞not，一般疑問句將be放在句首大寫，例如：
① He is going to be here tomorrow.他明天將到這兒來。
② He isn’t going to meet you.他不打算見你。
③ Are you going to visit your uncle next week？
下星期你打算去拜訪你叔叔嗎？
④ When are they going to start？
他們打算什么時候開始？
典型例題
【課本難題解答】
練習冊P89第3題
此題主要考查學生對英語句子結構的掌握及對比較級和最高級的掌握。
1.Li Lei runs faster(要加 er)than Jim.或Jim runs faster than Li Lei.
2.Sara’s room is cleaner than Ted’s.或Ted’s room is cleaner than Sara’s.
3.This dictionary is more expensive than that one.
或 That dictionary is more expensive than this one.
4.She is more tired today than yesterday.
5. West Lake is more beautiful than East Lake.
或East Lake is more beautiful than West Lake.
6.His story is much more interesting than your story.
或 Your story is much more interesting than his story.
7. She works more carefully than me.
這里me是賓語，故不能作主語組成句子 I…
【有關"Unit 4 On the farm" 的教學設計】
教學設計1. We Are Going To Work on a Farm
前言
無
學習目標：
1.詞匯
A.單詞
四會：hair, outside, nothing, idea, goodbye, bell, sure
三會：gate, pick
B.詞組
next week／month, on Sunday evening, quite early, on the road, put on, help…with…, a few,
have a swim, this evening
2.句型
What about…? Get a few bananas for me. The second one is better than the first one. The third one is the best of all. When are you going to leave? We are not going to have any classes. Don't be late. It's time for….
3.日常用語
What are you going to do this evening ? I'm going to have a swim. Where are you going to meet? We are going to meet here. See you here at two. Good idea ! Why don't you come with me? Why not? Nothing much.
4.語法
be going to 打算…，將要…
1)用法：表示將要發生的動作。
2)標志詞（信號詞）：tomorrow, next…, this afternoon.
3)謂語動詞的構成形式：be (am, is, are) going to +動詞原形
4)各種句式：
陳述句：
肯定句：I am going to leave here next week.
我打算下周離開這兒。
否定句：He is not going to play games this afternoon.
他今天下午不打算做游戲。
疑問句：
特殊疑問句：What are they going to do tomorrow ?
他們明天要干什么？
一般疑問句：Are you going to sing a song ?
你要唱歌嗎？
☆注：be going to中的"be"不是系動詞，而是助動詞，本身沒有實際意義，即不能譯成"是"，但其用法與系動詞"be"是一樣的。即：I am…，You are…, He is….
教案內容：
內容1：教學重點與難點
教學設計2. Working Hard on the Farm
前言
無
學習目標：
教學目標
1.詞匯
A.單詞
四會:hold,hard,busy,reach,careful,strong
三會: truck,ladder,climb,lift,kilometre,dangerous,
B.詞組/句型
pick apples climb the ladder
hold the ladder quite near
get on a bus a few
much bigger lift a basket on to the truck
Don't go too high. I can't reach them.
He's stronger than her. How far is it?
Is Jim picking more apples than Kate?
Who has the most apples, Li Lei,Jim or Lily?
It's dangerous. Some of the apples are hard to reach.
2.日常用語
Nice to see you!
Let's get on the bus.
Please be careful.
Don't worry.
Catch!
3.語法:
Making comparisons做比較
1)規則變化
a few-fewer-the fewest strong-stronger-strongest big-bigger-biggest
2)不規則變化
good-better-best some-more-the most
教案內容：
內容1：教學重點與難點
教學設計3. 初二英語 Lesson 13
學習目標：
New words
out, outside, nothing, idea, sure, goodbye, hair, month, gate
New Phrases
have a swim, at two ( o`clock), outside the school gate, this afternoon, on Saturday night, on Sunday morning, next month, next week, wash your hands, wash my hair, meet my friend, watch TV, help my mother clean the house, do some shopping / washing
Patterns of sentences
1)What about ....?
2)See you here at three.
3)I`m OK.
4)What are you going to do?
5)Where are you going / leaving for?
6)When are you going to meet / work / wash?
教案內容：
內容1：教學過程
教學設計4. 初二英語 Lesson 14
學習目標：
New words
few, could, for, better, best
New Phrases
a few, what about, at two, come with
Patterns of sentences
1)Good idea!
2)That`s good idea!
3)I`m going to the shop / Beijing.
4)I`m going to buy a few ....
5)Get a few / some ... for me.
6)Why don`t you come with me?
教案內容：
內容1：教學過程
教學設計5. 初二英語 Lesson 15
學習目標：
New words
road, help, when, quite, bell, pick,
New Phrases
help ... with, put on one`s clothes, pick apples,
Patterns of sentences
1)Don`t be late!
2)It`s time for class.
3)It`s time for going home.
4)It`s time to leave.
教案內容：
內容1：教學過程
教學設計6. 初二英語 Lesson 16
學習目標：
New words
sixteenth
New Phrases
be going to leave / to do / to meet, nothing much, at four, at the gate, next Monday
Patterns of sentences
1)Good idea!
2)Nothing much.
3)Where are you going to meet?
4)When are you going to leave?
5)What are you going to do tomorrow?
教案內容：
內容1：教學過程
教學設計7. 初二英語 Lesson 13
前言
教具
錄音機；準備一些畫有各種動作的圖片(參照本課第1、2部分列出的動詞短語)，如一時不好找，可參照第一冊第七十八、八十六、一百一十等課中插圖繪制簡圖。
學習目標：
1．詞匯(略)。
2．句型：
1)What about you？
2)What are you going to do this evening？
I’m going to have a swim．
3)-Where are you going to meet？
-We’re going to meet here．
3．語法：
to be going to＋動詞原形的用法。
教案內容：
內容1：初二英語 Lesson 13
教學設計8. 初二英語 Lesson 14
前言
教具
錄音機；三支鋼筆，帶有不同價格的標簽，標簽要制作得醒目；兩組圖片(參照課本第2部分中后兩組插圖制作；小黑板。)
學習目標：
1．詞匯(略)。
2．句型：
1)Why not？
2)Why don’t you come with me？
3)The second one is better thanthe first one．
4)The third one is the best of all．
3．語法：
1)繼續學習形容詞比較級、最高級用法；
2)繼續學習to be going to＋動詞原形用法。
教案內容：
內容1：教學過程
教學設計9. 初二英語 Lesson 15
前言
教具
錄音機。
學習目標：
1．詞匯(略)。
2．句型：
1)When are you going to leave？
2)We’re not going to have any classes．
3)It’s time for…
4)It’s much better than having classes．
3．語法：
繼續學習to be going to＋動詞原形的用法。
教案內容：
內容1：教學過程
教學設計10. 初二英語 Lesson 16
前言
教具
錄音機；音標卡片、小黑板等。
學習目標：
2．語法：
1)小結本單元所學to be going to＋動詞原形的用法；
2)小結本單元出現的形容詞比較等級的規則變化和不規則變化。
教案內容：
內容1：教學過程
教學設計11. Unit 4 We're going to work on a farm！
教案內容：
內容1：重點難點
內容2：教學過程
常見問題1: 初二英語上學期第四單元1
問題：
閱讀
JiaWei lives on a farm. The farm is not big. His parents grow rice and wheat. They don’t use animals to do farm work any more. Today they use a tractor. It works faster and better. After JiaWei does his work in the fields，he likes to sit and look at the blue sky and the green hills. He thinks the country is more beautiful than the city. In the city，he can’t hear the animals. In the country，he can hear birds singing and sheep bleating.
1.JiaWei lives on a s farm.
2.He d like the city.
3.The sheep are b on the farm.
4.The city is l beautiful than the country.
解答:
答案：
1.small 2.doesn’t 3.bleating 4.less
此題要注意對作者用意的理解，注意將對文章的理解轉化成另一種相近意義的理解，如：第1小題，文中說農場不大，也即為“小”，故第1空填為small(小)。
常見問題2: 初二英語上學期第四單元2
問題：
句型轉換
Mr. Zhang works most carefully in his factory.（2000年大連中考）
Mr. Zhang is ____ ____ than any other workers in his factory.
解答:
分析
答案： more carefully.原句中使用的是最高級形式。在第二句中 any other workers in his factory是排除了主語的一個整體，視為兩者之間的比較，應使用比較級形式。
常見問題3: 初二英語上學期第四單元3
問題：
He is ____ than I.
A.very taller B.much taller C.very taller D.a little tall
解答:
分析
答案：（B），than是比較狀語從句的典型標志，比較級前可用much或a little來修飾表示程度。
常見問題4: 初二英語上學期第四單元4
問題：
－Which would you like， tea or milk？（河南）
－________.
A. Yes, thank you B. Tea, please.
C. Yes，please D. Sure，I’d love to.
解答:
分析 答案：（B），在回答時應明確表明喜歡哪一種。
常見問題5: 初二英語上學期第四單元5
問題：
December is the t and last month of the year.（2000年武漢中考）
解答:
分析
答案： twelfth.第十二，序數詞。
課后練習1：課后練習
同步練習
1.找出下列單詞中劃線部分讀音不同的選項
( ) 1) A. moon B. food C. foot D. room
( ) 2) A. house B. about C. loud D. could
( ) 3) A. put B. nut C. bus D. cup
( ) 4) A. third B. other C. nothing D .month
( ) 5) A. bell B. seven C. next D. when
2.用所給詞的適當形式填空
1)Xiaoming often (get) up at 6:00. Now he (get) up. Tomorrow is Sunday.
He (not get) up at 6:00. He (get) up at 7:00.
2) Mr and Mrs Green (watch) TV now? No, they aren't. They usually (read) news papers in the evening. But tomorrow they (watch) a football match(比賽) on TV.
3)-Where the children (meet) next Saturday?
-In the park.
-How they (get) there?
-By bus.
3.單項選擇
1)Excuse me. Could you get some apples me ?
A. to B. for C. on D. with
2)It's time have lessons. Let's go.
A. to B. at C. for D. ／
3)-How are you today? - .
A. How are you? B. Certainly
C. How do you do ? D. Fine, thanks.
4)Look, the twins flowers in the garden.
A. is watering B. are watering
C. is going to water D. are going to water
5)This shirt is good. That one is .
A. good B. much better C. best D. well
6) They are going to pick pears .
A. next week. B. now C. every week D. on next week
7)- are you going to buy school things?
-In the shop.
A. What B. Where C. When D. Who
8)-It's time to have lunch.
- .
A. Thank you B. Not at all C. Sure D. I'm coming
9)There are only people in the shop today.
A. a few B. not much C. a little D. no
10)My little brother is two years than I.
A. small B. smaller C. younger D. young
4.完形填空
It is a 1 day today. The children 2 going to 3 on the 4 . They are going to 5 oranges.
Look! Here's the farm. The children begin to pick the 6 . some are 7 the oranges on the tree 8 .are carrying the oranges to the trucks. They are 9 when they are working.
They are 10 working very hard on the farm.
1) A. fine B. early C. well
2) A. am B. is C. are
3) A. play B. work C. see
4) A. house B. factory C. oranges
5) A. eat B. buy C. pick
6) A. pears B. apples C. oranges
7) A. pick B. to pick C. picking
8) A. They B. Any C. Others
9) A. singing B. dancing C. working
10) A. any B. every C. all
答案
1. C D A B B
2. 1) gets , is getting , is not going to get , is going to get
2) Are…watching , read , are going to watch
3) are…going to meet , are…going to get
3. B A D B B A B D A C
4. A C B C C C C C A C
課后練習1：課后練習
同步練習
1.找出與所給單詞劃線部分讀音不同的選項
1.than A.man B.that C.any D.dad
2.short A.walk B.long C.fourth D.autumn
3.know A.son B.hold C.October D.road
4.wash A.want B.what C.watch D.water
5.farm A.parent B.hard C.car D.class
6.nothing A.some B.most C.another D.come
2.用括號內詞的適當形式填空
1.There are ______ apples in the first bag. There are ______apples in the second bag than in the first one.(many)
2.The white car is ______. The red car is _______than the white one. The black car is the _______ of all.(good)
3.Who is _________, Li Lei or Wei Hua? (busy)
4.Who has the ________ books, Sam, Kate or Jim? (few)
5.I have many friends, but Jane is my ______friend.(good)
3.單項選擇
1.Lily抯 shoes are ______ dearer than Lucy's.
A.very B.more C.much D.most
2.We _________working hard on the farm.
A.do all B.all are C.all D.are all
3.I think Xiao Mao's basket is _______ ______ Da Mao's.
A.heavyer than B.heavier than
C.heavier then D.heavyer than
4. ________ students like asking questions in class.
A.A few B.Much C.Little D.Any
5.The boy usually ________ the bus at 3:30 and ________ at 4:15 every afternoon.
A.gets in…gets down B.gets off…gets on
C.gets on…gets from D.gets on…gets off
6.Excuse me!_______ is the library _______ the bus stop?
A.How far…to B.How long…from
C.How long…from D.How far…from
7.There are many apples _____ the tree.
A.on B.in C.to D.from
8.They are going to the Great Wall _____________.
A.on the next week B.in the next week
C. next week D.the next week
9.______ is the nicest girl at the party?
A. When B.Who C.Why D.How many
10.-______ are you going to the farm?
-By bus.
A.How B.Which C.When D.Where
4.就劃線部分提問
1.He is going to see his teacher this afternoon.
__________________________________________
2.The tall girl has the most pears of all.
___________________________________________
3.Jim's mother is younger than Wu Dong's.
___________________________________________
4.The students are going to help workers with their work in the factory.
____________________________________________
5.The little girl are picking flowers in the garden.
____________________________________________
5.閱讀理解
The biggest and strongest animal on land is the elephant(大象). The largest and heaviest animal in the sea is the whale(鯨). It's also the biggest eater in the world. It eats the most food-a ton(噸) of food a day. It looks like a fish, but it is really a mammal(哺乳動物).
1.What is the biggest animal on land?
___________________________________
2. What kind of animal is the whale?
____________________________________
3. Why is the whale the biggest eater in the world?
_______________________________________
4. What does the whale look like?
課后練習1：課后練習
一、[單項填空]：
( ) 1．John agree__ me. We both live
A．to B．with C．of D．on
( ) 2．He thinks the animals __ the farm are better than those in other places.
A．on B．in C．to D．with
( )3．Every one knows tractors are much better than animals for____.
A．a farm B．farm
C．farming D．fields
( )4．Kate is younger than Lucy. Lucy can pick__ apples than Kate.
A．many B．more
C．most D．some
( )5．You must wait__me and you must wait__ the bus stop.
A．for ; at B．for ; for
C．/ ;in D．for； nearer
二、[單項填空]：
( )1．Is he heavier than _____ ？
A．Tom's B．them
C．our D．her
( )2．Who has __ bananas, Polly or Mimi？
A．few B．fewer
C．the fewer D．the fewest
課后練習1：課后練習答案
一、解：
①選B。
②選A。
③選C，介詞后加動詞ing形式。
④選B，比較級。
⑤選A。
二、解：
①選D。
②選B，選擇疑問句，兩者選擇用比較級。
課后練習1：課后練習
一、[單項填空]：
( )1．Stop __ to me.
A．to talk to listen
B．talking to listen
C．talking talking
D．to talk to listen
( )2．A：Is he ill？
B：Yes, but _________ than before.
A．well B．good C．better D．fine
( ) 3．We can go swimming in__but can't in__ in big rivers.
A．summer winter
B．winter winter
C．spring spring
D．autumn summer
二、[用所給詞的正確形式填空]：
1．This pen is very__, but that one is (cheap)
2．Who is __( tall)in your class？
課后練習1：課后練習答案
一、解：
①選B，stop doing表示停止做某事。
②選C，比較級。
③選A。
二、解：
①填cheap、cheaper
②填the tallest
課后練習1：課后練習
一、[單項填空]：
( )1．He runs than his sister.
A．slowly B．slower
C．more slowly
( )2．Jim is student in class.
A．good B．better C．the best
( )3．My garden is____beautiful than yours.
A．much B．much more
C．very
二、[單項填空]：
( )1．Betty studies __ than I.
A．hard B．harder
C．more hard D．hardest
( )2．Mike runs______in our class.
A．fast B．very fastest
C．the fastest D．faster
( )3．Does Wei Fang read English____in her class？
A．best B．better
C．well D．the betterv
課后練習1：課后練習答案
一、解：
①選B，用比較級形式。
②選C．用最高級形式
③選A，用比較級形式。
二、解：
①選B，用比較級形式。
②選C，用最高級形式。
③選A，用最高級形式。