陳衛鋒
一、教材分析
（一）單元背景分析
隨著人們物質文化生活水平的提高，曾經一度被忽視的環境已日益為人們所關注，從某種程度上說，環境的優劣已成為衡量生活質量高低、社會進步程度的標志。相對文物而言，其環境的優劣同樣影響文物存在的質量。然而，在環保意識不斷提升的今天，文物環境并沒有得到應有的關注。
文物保存環境是指文物所在的空間及可以直接或間接影響文物保存的各種自然因素和人為因素。在我國，由于受經濟條件的制約，自然環境質量的惡化，加上人文環境的影響，文物劣化速度不斷加劇，由于環境造成對文物毀壞的例子屢見不鮮，如石質文物風化、金屬文物腐蝕、紙張酸度增加、壁（彩）畫褪色等等。
文物是祖先留給我們的無價之寶，是金錢買不到的。日用品壞了，可以再生產制造，文物卻不同，它不能再生產，再生產出的東西不是文物，是仿制品或贗品，是沒有任何文物價值的。文物一旦損壞，就永遠不能復原。沒有眾多的文物史跡，文明古國也就名存實亡，失去其傳統的風采和內涵。文物受損后再修復是被動性的保護措施，而主動性的保護就是創造良好的文物保存環境，防治文物受損才是上策。保護文物環境，實際上就是保護文物古跡本身。整治環境不是一件小事，保護文物環境更不是一件容易的事，惟其艱難，需要文物部門付出更多的努力，同時也需要政府和社會的更多支持。所以，我們要好好愛護文物。
（二）教材內容分析
本單元話題--文物古跡（Cultural relics ）歷來是全世界較為關注的焦點之一，尤其是在伊拉克戰爭中，大量代表古人類文明的文物、古跡慘遭破壞，甚至毀滅！本單元所采用話題構成了一個現代意義十足的時尚理念，能夠充分喚起學生的參與欲望。單元內容極具生活化，富有活力，體現了本套新教材的一個重要特征，即緊扣時代脈搏，富有時代氣息。Listening 開門見山向我們介紹三個cultural sites，并要求根據所聽內容熟悉各自的重要性，以及人們為保護這些文物古跡所采取的措施；Speaking則要求我們制作一個即將被送入太空的、內含能代表中國文化的五件物品的“cultural capsule”，讓學生成為主體，充分發揮他們的思維、展示他們無限的想象力；Reading通過對俄羅斯著名城市--圣彼得堡有關史實的介紹，以“A City of Heroes”為標題謳歌了圣市人們為保護歷史文物和重建家園所作的一切；Writing進一步要求學生以主人翁的姿態致信報社編輯，反映當地文物古跡遭損受毀的情況，呼吁全社會行動起來，為保護人類文明遺產盡一份力。整個單元自始自終圍繞保護代表人類歷史與文明的文物古跡這一主線。話題反映了《課程標準》所提出的“向學生滲透人文理念和注重對學生文化意識的熏陶”要求，非常具有現實教育意義，教師利用素材不但可以傳授英語知識，而且可以在教學過程中通過滲透的方式將文物保護知識有機地滲透于每堂課的課堂教學之中，培養學生愛護人類文明、保護文物古跡、熱愛偉大祖國的思想品德。
（三）教學重點、難點
1. Functional Items：Ways of giving advice or making suggestions.
2. Topic：Talking about cultural relics, including ways of protecting them.
3. Word-formation：“re + V.”（eg. rebuild, replaced, recreate）.
4. Key words and expressions：select, represent, in history, be kept as, give in(up), in ruins,
in pieces, bring … back to life, etc
5. Structure (Grammar)：The Passive Voice (I) - The Present Perfect Passive Voice
6. Writing：Write a letter to the editor on a certain cultural site, suggesting ways of
protecting the cultural relics.
【 “現在完成時”是中學階段英語語法教學的重點，也是難點，不過學生在初中階段已學過現在完成時和被動語態，本單元可以作為一個語法復習鞏固來處理。】
總之，本單元通過語法、功能項目與新話題的有機結合，充分體現《新課程標準》“以學生為本，以學生的發展為本” 之要求。
二、教學目標
（一）語言知識目標
本單元要求學生除掌握必要的單詞、詞組和句型外，同時要求學生掌握一定量表達“提建議或勸告”的交際功能用語，以及現在完成時的被動語態。
（二）語言技能目標
通過本單元的學習，培養學生良好的“聽、說、讀、寫”的技能，使學生能運用所學知識解決相關情景中的一些類似問題，并能結合所給任務，綜合運用新舊知識解決問題，完成任務，在此基礎上鼓勵學生大膽地根據各自的語言基礎與能力，有個性地解決問題，就如何最有效地保護文物古跡提出獨特的見解。
（三）情感目標
1）激發并提高學習英語的興趣，樂于接受新鮮事物，勇于嘗 試；體現課堂教學“主體者”的身份，積極主動參與教學各環節，成為學習的主人；具有個性，培養創造能力。
2）培養同學之間日常融洽相處的感情，樂于合作，善于與人分享喜好，培養正確的審美觀和價值觀。
3）培養學生具有良好的文明習慣，具有文物保護意識。
（四）教學策略
1）開放式教學策略。以有限的課堂為載體，帶學生進入廣闊的知識天地。
2）引趣激趣策略。創設多種情景（境）激發學生的興趣，只有讓學生真正有了參與的欲望，才能點燃他們的思維火花。
3）任務型活動策略。在做中學，在做中練，在做中鞏固，往往會使課堂教學產生事半功倍的良好效果。
4）循序漸進和尊重差異策略。由簡到繁，由難及易，為有困難的學生搭好梯子，讓有能力的學生“跳一跳”摘到果子。
（五）學習策略
1）課前認真預習，利用互聯網或其他媒體收集國內外文物古跡以及有關文物保護信息，課后能及時復習。
2）上課勤思考，多動腦，掌握所學詞匯，熱情、積極、主動參與課堂上各種活動。
3）注意學習方法，及時提問并注意傾聽他人意見。
4）確立“學用英語相結合”的思想，用英語開展思維，分析（復述）課文、發表個人看法、提出獨到的見解等。
（六）文化意識
1）了解文物古跡所折射出的不同時期、不同地區的特殊文化內涵。
２）培養學生良好的社會公德意識，樹立文物保護意識。
三、教學原則
（一）以任務型教學 (Task-based Language Teaching)作為課堂教學設計之理念，具體采用情景教學法（Situational Approach），交際教學法（Communicative Approach），整體語言教學法（Whole Language Teaching）等教學方法。從一定程度上說，人們使用語言是為了完成各種各樣的任務，而任務型的教學活動就是讓學習者通過運用所學語言來完成各種各樣的交際活動。學習者通過表達、溝通、交涉、解釋、詢問等各種語言形式來學習和掌握語言，實現目標，感受成功。
（二）在教學中突出交際性，注重讀寫的實用性；同時適時進行情感與策略調整，以形成積極的學習態度，促進語言實際運用能力的提高。
（三）堅持“教師為主導，學生為主體，任務為基礎”的教學原則，在課堂教學的不同環節教師應扮演自身作為“設計者，研究者，組織者，促進者，協調者”的角色。
（四）貫徹“教中學，學中用”策略，真正使學生學以致用。
四、教學總體設計
（一）創設情景，營造氛圍，體現語言教學的真實性
語言教學的最終目的是培養學生的言語技能。根據語言本身的交際性原則，本單元教學緊緊圍繞３P（Presentation-Practice-Production）教學環節，充分運用情景教學法、交際法、啟發法等教學方法，讓學生在學習過程中充分展示其所學知識。如針對本地區旅游業的不斷開發給文物古跡保護所帶來的負面效應，要求學生用英語表達如何采取相應的保護措施等。
（二）采用“任務型”教學，培養學生綜合運用英語能力
本單元每堂課采用任務型教學，模擬真實生活中的任務，任務的設計注重由簡到繁，由易到難，層層深入，形成由初級任務到高級任務并由高級任務涵蓋初級任務的循環；同時多樣化的任務又由課內延伸至課外，不僅可拓展學生的知識面，更可培養學生的學習興趣，從而提高學生綜合運用英語的能力。
（三）面向全體學生，關注學生的全面發展
經常性地開展pair work、group work、class performance，培養學生的團體合作精神。
五、評價手段與操作方式
我國外語教學的評價方式過多地依賴于終結性評價，無論是學生、教師還是家長，更多地是以學生的外語考試成績評判學生外語學習能力的高低。這種不科學的評價方式使相當多的學生喪失了學習外語的自信心和積極性，極大地降低了外語學習的效率；同時也造成了課堂教學幾乎完全圍繞考試內容來進行，語法教學、題海戰術充斥外語課堂等不正常的現象。《課程標準》則強調“建立促進學生全面發展的評價體系。評價不僅要關注學生的學業成績，而且要發現和發展學生多方面的潛能，了解學生發展中的需求，幫助學生認識自我，建立自信。發揮評價的教育功能，促進學生在原有水平上的發展。”同時“建立促進教師不斷提高的評價體系。強調教師對自己教學行為的分析與反思，建立以教師自評為主，校長、教師、學生、家長共同參與的評價制度，使教師從多種渠道獲得信息，不斷提高教學水平。”因此，教學評價既要關注效果，又要關注過程，應是兩者的結合，既行為評價（也稱非測試性評價）與終結性評價（也稱測試性評價）相結合。
（一）行為評價（非測試性評價）：本單元通過對學生課堂回答教師提問情況、對話表演的參與程度及學生反應、話題表達（如討論利弊）的創新性及針對性、與他人的合作協作精神及學生個體的書面作業等行為，對學生的學習能力、學習態度、團體合作精神及創新意識等做出過程性評價。這種評價有助于老師發現每位學生的閃光點，及時肯定、表揚，也可讓更多的學生體驗成功的喜悅，體現英語課堂教學的“全員”意識，利于培養學生的可持續發展。具體操作時，老師設計如下表格，對學生進行評定。
表一：課堂活動配合及對話表演反饋表
日期 課堂活動內容
姓名 評價等第 評 語
Student A
S- B
S- C
【注：評價等第為（優秀、良好、一般、需努力）】
表二：小組活動記錄反饋表
組員姓名 日期 活動內容
評價內容 1．參與程度 2．與組員配合 3．動作表演 4．課堂效果反應 5．語音語調 6．語言表述
個人自我評價
小組評價
教師評價
【注：評價等第為（積極 / 優秀、尚積極 / 良好、一般、不參與 / 需努力）】
（二）終結性評價（測試性評價）：通過單元檢測形式來了解學生在本單元中學習的實際程度，通過整體效果和個體效果的綜合分析，利于教師在下一單元教學中及時調整教學策略。
（終結性評價：略）
六、單元教學設計（課時計劃及操作步驟）
依據《課程標準》及對學生教學目標的要求，課堂教學中充分利用與教材相配套的教學掛圖、錄音帶、VCD 、投影片、練習冊、閱讀訓練以及多媒體軟件等，并以此作為學生學習和教師教學的重要內容和手段。適應信息時代之所需，教師應重視使用一些先進的現代教學技術手段來激發、提高學生學習英語的興趣，主要運用多媒體輔助教學，以增加教學的直觀性和趣味性，加大課堂密度，提高教學效率。本單元計劃用六課時完成教學任務與測試評估。具體教學程序設計如下：
Teaching Procedures for the 1st Period
Step one Warming-up
1. Greeting.
2. Watching & Chatting：Watch a video which introduces some famous cultural sites across
Shaoxing, having a free chat with the Ss.
3. Questions & Answers：Show to the Ss three pictures, asking them:
① What do you know about the places in the pictures?
② Where are they?
③ Which one would you like to see most? Why?
Step two Pre-listening
1. Ticking：Listen to the tape and tick the things Ss hear.
2. Questions & Answers：Listen again and discuss the questions in groups
① Why is it important to protect cultural relics?
② Why is it difficult to find out how people lived in ancient times?
③ What do we know about life in ancient Egypt?
④ Why do we know so much about the way the ancient Egyptians lived?
⑤ What do you think we can do to protect our cultural relics?
Step three Listening
1. Language Input ：Well, now we're going to listen to a description of three cultural sites.
Please ① Listen to the tape and write down the name of the site in the form below.
② Listen to the tape again and write down about its importance.
Name of the site Why is it important? What is being done to protect it?
Site 1
Site 2
Site 3
③ Listen to the tape again and write down about “What's being done to protect it”.
Ss discuss their answers in groups and then check in class.
Step four Post-listening
1. Listen to a piece of news (T has previously taken from a news report) and ask Ss to have a discussion about the following topics：
① Why do our city government make such great effort to protect cultural sites?
② Do you think it necessary to spend so much money on the project?
Step five Error-finding
1. Language Input：Now we're going to listen to the description of the three maps. Please
① Listen to the tape and put the statues in the right place.
② Listen to the tape and put the temple and the museum in the right place.
③ Listen to the tape and put the Moon Tower and the Blue Waterfall in the right place.
Step six Game
1. Language Input：As is known to us all, China is a country with a history of more than 5,0000 years. In the long history, people in different periods have left us quite a number of cultural sites, many of which are world-famous. Now please look at the screen carefully and let's have a game!
[T divide the class into four groups, asking the Ss to say what the name of the cultural site is and where it is according to the given picture. The group which makes the most choices win the game. ]
Group A Group B Group C Group D
Score
Homework
1. Prepare a brief description of Ss’ favorite cultural site in China. The report must include the following： ① The name of the site ② Its size as well as its history
③ Its importance and what is being done to protect it.
(Better surf on the Internet!)
2. Preview “Speaking”.
Teaching Procedures for the 2nd Period
Step one Warming-up
1. Greeting.
2. Check the homework, asking individual Ss to come to the front to act out their report. The teacher may ask the others some questions about their reports.
Step two Pre-speaking
1. Brainstorming Ask the Ss one question：What do you think can represent Chinese culture?
[T collect the answers and write them on the blackboard.]
Step three Speaking
1. Language Input：Well, everybody is now asked to make a culture capsule with a size of 2×2 metres, which will be sent into space so that anyone who finds it will understand who we are. You can select five things that represent Chinese culture, but do remember that you cannot put any living things in it. Also you may include in the capsule a short message of about two sentences in any language, but remember that those who find it may not understand the language. Meanwhile please give the reasons for your choices. The following expressions may be helpful to you.
Asking for suggestions Making suggestions
● What shall we put in in your opinion?
● Can't we put in …?
● Should we put in …?
● Which do you think is the more suitable thing we put in?
● …… ● Let's put in….
● Maybe we could put in ….
● I think we'd better put in ….
● I'd like to choose….
● What / How about…?
● Why not put in …?
● Why don't you put in …?
● ……
[ T divide the class into pairs, letting them discuss and collect the information, and ask each pair to make a dialogue.]
Things you want to put in Reasons for your choices
1
2
3
4
5
【Model】
SA：In my opinion we could put in ….
SB：That sounds a great idea. And I'd like to choose ….
SA：Sorry, I don't think that's the best choice.
SB：Then what about …?
……
2. Now divide the class into groups, each group discuss the project, trying to agree on the same five things. Each group select one student to finish a report and then ask some groups to report in front of the class..
Step four Useful Expressions --- Making suggestions
1. Language Input：In our everyday life, we quite often ask our friends or relatives for advice or suggestions on what to do or what not to do. And in English there're several ways of giving advice or making suggestions.
Ways of giving advice or making suggestions Ways of replying to others' advice or suggestions
Acceptance Refuse
1. Shall I / we …?
2. Let's …, shall we?
3.Why not …?
4. Why don't you / we …?
5. You'd better ….
6. I think it's better (for you / us) to ….
7.Would you like / love to …?
8.What / How about …?
9.I suggest (that) you (should)….
10.I advise you (not) to ….
11.I wonder if you should….
12.Have you considered …?
▲Note：除句型8和12后接動名詞 （短語）外，其余均需接動詞原形。 1. All right. / OK.
2.That's all right.
3.Certainly. / Sure.
4.Good idea. / That's a good idea.
5.That sounds great.
6. That sounds (like) a good idea.
7. I'd like (love) to …. 1. I'm afraid that ….
2. I'm sorry, but ….
3. I'd like (love) to, but ….
4. It (That) sounds nice, but ….
Step five Dialogue Production
[T will provide certain situations, asking the Ss to work in pairs to make dialogues.]
Situation A：Two friends are discussing what to do in the coming weekends.
【Model】
A: It's said that there's going to be a wonderful film “Heroes”. Why not go to the cinema?
B: I'm afraid I won't. I have seen it twice.
A: What do you suggest doing, then?
B: Would you like to go out for an outing?
A: I'd like to, but it's going to rain in the next two days.
B: What a pity! Have you considered going to the library?
A: Good idea. Let's meet here at 8 o'clock tomorrow, shall we?
B: Sure.
Situation B：Jessica is poor in English. She is asking her friend, Susan for advice.
【Model】
Jessica: My English is poor. I wonder what I should do.
Susan: You should remember as many English words as possible.
Jessica: OK.
Susan: And you need to have more listening, speaking, reading and writing.
Jessica: It sounds nice, but I still don't know what to do.
Susan: I'm not certain, either. Why don't you ask Mr Wang?
Jessica: That's a good idea. Let's go together.
Susan: All right.
Step six Post-speaking
Workbook p. 121 “Talking”：Divide the whole class into four groups, each group taking the part of an expert, a businessman, villager A and villager B, while the monitor takes the role of the village leader. Ask the Ss to discuss the problem. Each group leader and the monitor prepare a report which is asked to report to the whole class.
Homework
1. Write a report about the culture capsule.
2. Practise ways of making suggestions.
3. Preview “Reading”.
Teaching Procedures for the 3rd Period
Step One Warming-up
1. Greeting.
2. Comment on the Ss’ report about the culture capsule.
3. Go over the ways of giving advice or making suggestions.
Step Two Pre-reading
1. Language Input：Throughout the world, there're many well-known cities, and quite a few of them are particularly great. Some of the cities are well received by the people, and some others have in or around them a number of famous cultural relics. Now let's have a free discussion about the following questions:
① Some cities, like Paris and Beijing, are called great cities of the world. In your opinion, what makes a city great?
② What are your favorite cities?
③ What cultural relics are there in the place where you live? How important are they?
Step Three Reading
1. Scanning Ask the Ss to read the passage quickly, finding out where they have the problem understanding the whole story. Discuss the problems in pairs first and in groups later. Deal with some common problems in class.
2. Vocabulary Ask the Ss to complete the sentences with the right words from the passage. (Workbook p. 122 )
3. True or False Ask the Ss to listen to the tape while looking at the sentences on the screen, making a decision about whether the following statements are true or false.
Statements True or false
1. The city of St Petersburgh was built and rebuilt by Peter the Great.
2. Many great palaces in the city, which were large and beautiful, were built after Peter's death.
3. The Germans attacked St Petersburgh a hundred years ago.
4. When the palaces and buildings were rebuilt, people changed their old beauty.
5. A portrait of Peter the Great was destroyed by the Germans.
6. It was difficult for people to rebuild the old palaces.
7. Workers and painters used old photographs to help them rebuild the city.
8. St Petersburgh will never be as beautiful as it was before.
4. Skimming Ask the Ss to read the passage more carefully and find the topic sentence for each paragraph. Meanwhile the teacher may ask the Ss to answer some detailed questions.
Questions：① Where do people usually build a city? Why?
② What were the palaces like?
③ What were the palaces used for after the Czars' rule over the city ended?
④ What did the Germans do as they leftthe city?
⑤ Was it easy for the people of St Petersburgh to rebuild the city? And why?
⑥ What did the people do to bring the city back to life?
5. Reading aloud Play the tape and ask the Ss to read along in a loud voice.
Step four Post-reading
1. Ask the Ss to discuss the following questions in groups:
① Why do people think St Petersburgh is a great city?
② Why was it so difficult for people to rebuild the old palaces?
③ What did people use to help them rebuild the city?
④ Why are the people of St Petersburgh heroes?
Step five Interview
Ask the Ss to work in pairs, playing the role of a newspaper reporter and a citizen of St Petersburgh and finally invite some pairs to act out their interview in the front.
【Model】R-- reporter C--citizen of St Petersburgh
R: Good morning, I'm from Shaoxing Daily. May I ask you several questions?
C: Sure.
R: When was your city built and and who built the city?
C: ……
Step six Debate
Divide the whole class into two groups, asking them to collect as much information as possible according to the following situation (topic).
Discussion
With the fast development of economy, many parts of our old city is being rebuilt.In the area where you live, the city government plans to pull down quite a few low old buildings and put up some high buildings. There is an old building, which dates from the Ming Dynasty and in it there’re a lot of famous carved paintings.
Do you think it necessary to pull down this old building or to leave it as it is?
Step seven Summary and homework
1. Summarize the passage and ask the Ss to retell the story.
2. Finish off the exercises on p. 46 “Word study”-2 and p.123 “Vocabulary”-2.
Teaching procedures for the 4th Period
Step one Warming-up
1. Greeting.
2. Ask individual Ss to retell the story.
3. Check the homework, giving some explanation if necessary.
Step two Lead-in
1. Ask the Ss to find out the sentences from the passage that they think read most beautiful or sound sweetest.
2. Enjoy the sentences Ss pick out, especially the sentence：“We will not let our history and culture be destroyed, and we will do everything we can to save our city! ”
Step three Reading
1. Scanning Ask the Ss to read the passage on page 124 and finish the following two exercises shown on the screen.
▲Fill in the blanks with the words from the passage
1. The word which has similar meaning to “finish” is ________.
2. ________ means to go or run quickly.
3. The word ________ means to save.
4. A ________ is a place where people worship ( v.崇拜) the god.
5. To ______ large areas means that water covers large areas.
6. If something is needed, it is ________.
7. When you are seriously ill, your life could be ________.
8. When you see people eating breakfast, you can say “They are ________.”
9. The water of a river, a lake or a sea is called ________.
10. To go up or to get higher means to ________.
【KEYS】1.complete 2.To rush 3.rescue 4.temple 5.flood 6.necessary 7.in danger 8.at breakfast 9.waters 10.rise
▲ Fill in the blanks with proper words.
1. A dam was built.________ a result, the water level of the lake rose ________ 63 meters.
2. They decided to move the temple stone ________ stone.
3. About 20～50% of the electricity which Egypt needs is produced ________ the water
rushing ________ the base of the dam.
4. Each stone was marked ________ a number and then all the stones were carried to the new
place.
5. The old temple, which dates ________ about 1250 BC, will be moved to a new place.
6. The experts are trying to find ways of rescuing the animals ________ danger.
7. Many fields will be covered ________ the waters of the new lake which will be finished
________ the end of this year.
【KEYS】1.As; by 2.by 3.from; through 4.with 5.from 6.in 7.by / with; by / before
2. Skimming Ask the Ss to read the passage more carefully and try to answer the followings:
1.What are the only three man-made projects that can be seen from the earth? Where are they?
2.When was the Aswan High Dam completed?
3.What was the High Dam built for?
4.What problems were caused by building the High Dam?
5.What do you know about the temple at Abu Simbel?
6.How did the engineers decide to move the whole temple?
7.How long did the project last?
8.How much did the project cost?
9.When was the project completed?
10.How can you get to the temple at Abu Simbel?
Step four Post-reading
1. Discussion Divide the class into groups and ask each group to discuss the question:
① Do you think it necessary to spend so much money on rescuing this temple?
② Do you think that the Egyptian engineers solved the problem in the best way possible?
③ Are there other temples or buildings that we could not move?
④ What about the Great Wall or the Temple of Heaven?
⑤ Would it be right to move them if we had to build something where they stand today? Why or why not?
2. Fill in the blanks with proper words.
The Great Wall of China is one of the eight wonders of the world. It lies across North China ________ a huge dragon (巨龍). It is one of the few man-made projects on earth ________ can be seen from the moon.
The Great Wall ________ built more than 2,000 years ago. It was built ________ the reason of war. Now it is more than 6,000 kilometers ________ from east to west, 6-7 meters high, and 4-5 meters wide. In most places, it is wide ________ for five horses or ten people to walk side ________side along the top.
Today the Great Wall has become a great place of ________ .It interests tens of thousands of people ________ different parts of the world every day. So more and ________ people have come to know the famous Chinese saying：“He ________ does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.”
【KEYS】like; that; was; for; long; enough; by; interest; from; who
Step five Discussion
1.Language input：In the world there’re many cultural relics. Sometimes people have to choose between protecting the relics of the past and building the roads and houses of the future. What do you think we need to think about when we make decisions about cultural relics?
[Divide the class into groups and ask them to discuss for a while, and then collect ideas or suggestions from each group.]
Step six Summary and Homework
1. Read the passages and finish off Workbook Ex 4 on p.126.
2. Write a report about the discussion.
Teaching procedures for the 5th Period
Step one Warming-up
1. Greeting.
2. Check the homework.
3. Ask individual Ss to act out their reports, making some comments if necessary.
Step two Language study
1. Group work Divide the class into groups, asking each group to find the verbs beginning with the letters “re-” and discussing the similarities among them.
restore; rebuild; replace; recreate;
2. Analyze the structure of the discussed words：prefix “re”+ V. → meaning “do sth. once again”.
3. Brainstorming Ask the Ss to think of other examples or look up the dictionary for words with the prefix “re-”and get the meaning of the words.
【Model】
⑴ reappear vi. appear again (esp. after disappearing)
⑵ recall v. call back
⑶ recollect v. call back to the mind
⑷ recount v. count again
⑸ redo v. do again
⑹ refill v. fill again
⑺ refit v. make (a ship, etc) ready for use again by renewing or repairing parts
⑻ reforest v. plant again with trees
⑼ re-form v. form again
⑽ rehouse v. provide with a new house
⑾ rejoin v. join (together) again
⑿ relay v. lay (a cable, carpet, etc) again
⒀ rename v. give a new name to; name again
⒁ reopen v. open again after closing or being closed
⒂ replay v. play (e.g. a football match that was drawn) again
⒃ reprint v. print again; print a new impression of
⒄ retell v. tell again
⒅ rethink v. think about again; reconsider
⒆ reunite v. bring together or come together again
⒇ rewrite v. write again
4. Structure (Grammar)
Ⅰ.Ask the Ss to put some sentences into English, going over the Present Perfect Tense.
① 在過去的三個月里學生們已經收集了二千節舊電池(n.battery)。
② 園林工人已完成寺廟百分之八十的重建任務。
③ 他已將那臺舊電視機送給鄰居了。
④ 中國已向太空發射了幾十顆人造衛星。
⑤ 史密斯先生已把詞典和雜志歸還給了圖書館。
Ⅱ.Ask them to change the sentences into passive voice, paying attention to the structure of the sentences.
Active Voice Passive Voice
① The students have collected two thousand old batteries in the past three months.
② The garden workers have already finished 80% of the rebuilding of the temple.
③ He has sent the old TV set to his neighbour.
④ China has sent up scores of man-made satellites into space.
⑤ Mr Smith has returned the dictionary and magazines to the library. ① Two thousand old batteries have been collected (by the students) in the past three months.
② 80% of the rebuilding of the temple has been finished (by the garden workers).
③ The old TV set has been sent to his neighbour.
④ Scores of man-made satellites have been sent into space (by China).
⑤ The dictionary and magazines have been returned to the library (by Mr Smith).
Ⅲ. Pair work Ask pairs of Ss to discuss and find out the differences between the above two columns, then the teacher gives some explanation if necessary.
Step three Practice
1. Ask the Ss to find the sentences in the passage which include the Present Perfect Tense and then change them into the Active Voice.
2. Drills Ask Ss to finish exercises on page 47 and 48, asking some questions about the two news stories.
① What is the first news story about?
② Why are some of the cultural sites not well protected?
③ What has happened to some ancient sites?
④ What are the villagers worried about?
⑤ What have they decided to do?
⑥ What is the second news story about?
⑦ What will be the result of the repair project?
⑧ What are the people of Beijing asked to do? And what’s the result?
⑨ When was the old city wall built?
⑩ Why do you think the city of Beijing plans to repair the old city wall?
Step four Summarise and Homework
1.Summarise what’s been studied, esp. word-formation and structure of the Present Perfect Tense.
2. Finish off workbook exercises on page 128.
3. Preview “Intergrating skills”.
Teaching procedures for the 6th Period
Step one Warming-up
1. Greeting.
2. Check the homework, giving some explanation if necessary.
Step two Reading
1. Language Input：Quite often in our daily life we may see or hear or read something that makes us fell happy, sad or even very angry. And we usually want to tell others about our own feelings. We have several ways of showing how we feel, for example, we can have a talk with our close friends or relatives; we can get a pen friend; we can make a phone call to the local radio or TV station; and we can also write to a newspaper, a magazine and so on. Now please read a letter and try to find what is going on.
Questions：
① Where does the writer live?
② What is the writer worried about?
③ How does the air pollution come about?
④ What suggestions does the writer make?
Step three Pre-writing
1.Fill in the form Ask the Ss to work in pairs, answering the questions by filling in the form.
Who are you? What problem do you want to talk about? How do you feel about it? What suggestions do you have about it?
I live in a small village. Some people in my village want to …
I am …
Step four Writing
1. Questions and Answers Ask individual Ss to answer the questions according the above form.
2. Sentence writing Ask Ss to write down the answers to the questions in the form of sentences.
3. Sentence combining Ask Ss to combine the sentences one after another, using and, but, or, so, unless, although, because, etc.
4. Refining Ask Ss to read what they have done, making some necessary changes by using some more difficult conjunctions like which, that, when, what, when, where, etc.
5. Exchanging Ask pairs or groups of students to exchange what they have written and discuss each other’s writing. After the Ss have done it, ask several students to read out their letters.
Step five Proof Reading
T show the Ss a previously-prepared letter, asking them to correct the mistakes in it.
Dear editor,
I live in a small village, it is a very beautiful village. Recently some 1. ____
people in the village want to destroy the old temple so that they can 2.____
build a new car factory. The old temple has a history of more than 3. ____
five hundred years. Inside the temple there are few stone figures and 4. ____
carved paintings. If the temple was destroyed, all these things will be 5. ____
losing, and I don't think it right for people to do that. I think one way 6. ____
to solve the problem is to build the car factory in other place. Second 7. ____
if the factory really need to be built, we'd better try our best to remove 8. ____
the whole temple to somewhere else. We shouldn't let our history or 9. ____
culture are destroyed, and we should do all we can to save the temple. 10. ____
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【KEYS: 1.it→which 2.the→an 3.√ 4. ∧a (or few→some / several) 5. was→is
6. losing→lost 7. other→another 8. need→needs 9.or→and 10.are→be】
Homework
1. Ask the Ss to go over the whole unit.
2. Write a letter to the editor about any problem they come across.