英語倒裝句
英語句子通常有兩種語序:一種主語在前,謂語在后,稱為自然語序,另一種謂語在前,主語在后,稱為倒裝語序，按“主語+ 謂語” 這種順序排列的句子是陳述語序。如果排列順序變為“謂語（ 或謂語一部分）+主語”，就是倒裝。
之所以出現倒裝，一方面是因為語法結構的需要，另一方面為了強調，有時兩種原因兼有之。
倒裝分為兩種：一是完全倒裝，即整個謂語完全被置到主語之前；二是部分倒裝，通常是將謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態動詞置于主語之前。
部分倒裝
部分倒裝就是將謂語的一部分，如助動詞或情態動詞置于主語之前。如果句子中的謂語沒有助動詞或情態動詞，則需添加助動詞do,does或did，并將其置于主語之前。即…+助/情態動詞/do的形式/has的形式+主+謂語動詞+其它。
(一). only所修飾的副詞，介詞短語或狀語從句放在句首時，要用：
only+ 狀語+ be /助動詞/情態動詞+主語及其他
Only when he told me the news did I know what had happened.
Only in this way can you make progress in your English.
Only through education can we rise in the world.
注意：only修飾主語時，不需要倒裝。
1. Only in this way ________to make improvement in the operating system.
A. you can hope B. you did hope C. can you hope D. did you hope
2．Among all the people, only you know the truth.
(二).含有否定意義的副詞或連詞放在句首時。如：never, little, seldom, not, not only, not until, no sooner (…than), hardly (…when), rarely, scarcely, in no way等。
We seldom get up at four in the morning.
= Seldom do we get up at four in the morning.
Rarely have I heard of such a silly thing.
(1) hardly…when; scarcely…when…; no sooner…than…
Hardly had + 主語+ done when… did 句式。hardly所在的句子用過去完成時。
The bell hardly had rung when the class began. = Hardly had the bell rung when the class began.
No sooner had he arrived in Beijing than he began to work.
(2) not only… but also 如連接兩個成分時，不用倒裝；連接句子時， 前面的句子要用倒裝。
Not only was everything that he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship.
Not only is he busy, but also I have a lot of work to do.
Not only does he speak English very well, but also he speaks French well.
1．I finally got the work I dreamed about. Never in all my life________ so happy!
A. did I feel B. I felt C. I had felt D. had I felt
2．Not until I began to work ________how much time I had wasted.
A. didn't I realize B. did I realize C. I didn't realize D. I realized
3．No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.
A. the game began B. has the game begun
C. did the game begin D. had the game begun
(三).在so…that, such…that句型中，若把so, such引導的結構放在句首時。
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
So difficult _____it to live in an English-speaking country that I was determined to learn English well.
A. I've felt B have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feel
(四).把副詞so放在句首，表示前面所說的情況也適用于另一個人或物。
I like reading English, so does he.
(五).把neither, nor放在句首，表示前面的否定內容也適用于另一個人或物。
If you won't go, neither will I.
-I don't think I can walk any further.
-________, let's stop here for a rest.
A. Neither and I B. Neither can I C. I don't think so D. I think so
(六)用于形容詞/副詞/名詞/動詞+as (though)引導的讓步狀語從句中。
注意：當表語為名詞時，則名詞前不加任何冠詞；主謂并不倒裝。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
8．________, I have never seen anyone who's as capable as John.
A. As long as I have traveled B. Now that I have traveled so much
C. Much as I have traveled D. As I have traveled so much
(七).由however, no matter how引導的讓步狀語從句中，把however+形容詞/副詞，no matter how+形容詞/副詞放在句首時。
9．________, mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
A. However late is he B. However he is late
C. However is he late D. However late he is
5 always \ often \ particularly \ many times \ many a time放在句首時，句子進行部分倒裝。
Always am I amazed when I hear people saying that computers can replace teachers.
二、全部倒裝
就是把整個謂語部分放在主語之前。注意：謂語動詞的數要與后面的主語保持一致。常見于幾種情況：
(一).用于地點副詞here, there,方位副詞out, in, up, down及時間副詞now, then等開頭的句子里，以示強調。
There goes the bell.
Look! Here they come.
這種倒裝要求：主語必須是名詞。主語是人稱代詞時，主語和謂語語序不變。
Here it is.
Away he went.
Here we go
這類倒裝句式一般只用一般現在時和一般過去時。
Here comes the bus.
Out rushed the boys.
(二).當表示地點的介詞短語放句首時。注意：謂語多為be, lie, sit, stand, come, walk等不及物動詞；倒裝時不需要助動詞。
Under the table are three white cats.
In front of the tower flews a stream.
10．Under a big tree ________, half asleep.
A. did sat a fat man B. a fat man sat
C. did a fat man sat D. sat a fat man
(三)there放在句首時，要用倒裝句式。
在“there + be”結構中的謂語動詞有時不用be , 而用表示類似“存在”觀念的其他不及物動詞。如：live, stand, come, lie, flow, enter, rise 和appear等。
There came shouts for help from the river.
There lies a large wheat field in front of the house.
Many years ago there lived an old man in the wooden house.
(四).表語置于句首時，倒裝結構為"表語+系動詞+主語"。
(1)形容詞+系動詞+主語
Present at the meeting was Mr. Green, a headmaster.
(2)過去分詞+系動詞+主語
Hidden behind the door were some naughty children.
Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people had to use foreign oil.
(3)介詞短語+系動詞+主語
In front of the playground is a newly-built house.
(五).有時由于主語較長，謂語很短，為保持句子平衡，或為了強調表語或狀語，或使上下文緊密銜接時。
They arrived at a house, in front of which sat an old man.
(六).在一些表示祝愿的句子里。
Long live the Communist Party of China!
May you all be happy.
CLASS EXERCISE
1. Look,________.
A. here the bus comes B. here is the bus coning
C. here comes the bus D. here the bus is co
2-Where is Kate? -Look，_______, she is at the school gate.
A. there she is B. there is she C. here you are D. here it is
3. Which of the following sentences is correct?
A. In the teacher came B. In did come the teacher
C. In did the teacher come D. In came the teacher
4. Out _____, with a stick in his hand.
A. did he rush
B. rushed he
C. he rushed
D. he did rush
5. _______, he is honest.
A. As he is poor B. Poor is he
C. Poor as he is D. Poor as is he
6. ________, he knows a lot of things.
A. A child as he is B. Child as he is C. A child as is he D. Child as is he
7. _____, you can’t lift yourself up.
A. Even you’re strong B. Strong as you are
C. How strong you are D. In spite you’re strong
8. So carelessly ________that he almost killed himself.
A. he drives B. he drove C. does he drive D. did he drive
9. Early in the day ____the news _____the enemy were gone.
A. come; that B. came; that
C. comes; that D. came; what
10. Only when you realize the importance of foreign languages_____ them well.
A. you can learn B. can you learn C. you learned D. did you learn
11. Only after liberation _____ to be treated as human beings.
did they begin B. they had begun C. they did begin D. had they begun
12. Not only ____ to stay at home, but he was also forbidden to see his friends.
A. he was forcing B. he was forced C. was he forcing D. was he forced
13. Not until his father was out of prison____ to school.
A. can John go B. John can go C. could John go D. John could go
14. Never before _____ seen such a stupid man.
A. am I B. was I C. have I D. shall I
15. Rarely ____such a silly thing.
A. have I heard of B. I have heard of C. am I heard of D. had I heard of
16. Little _____ about his own health though he was very ill.
A. he cared B. did he care C. does he care D. he cares
17. Only when _____ in the afternoon _____ able to leave.
A. the match was over; they were B. was the match over; were they
C. was the match over; they were D. the match was over; were they
18. Hardly ____ down ____ he stepped in.
A. had I sat; than B. I had sat; when C. had I sat; then D. had I sat; when
19. No sooner _____asleep than she heard a knock at the door.
A. she had fallen B. had she fallen C. she had fell D. had she fell
20. She did not see Smith. ________.
A. Neither did I B. Nor didn’t I C. Neither I did D. So didn’t I