Unit 4 Earthquake
一．教學(xué)內(nèi)容分析
本單元話題為“地震”，主要描寫(xiě)了1976年唐山大地震，各項(xiàng)語(yǔ)言活動(dòng)也都是圍繞地震展開(kāi)。本單元共分八個(gè)部分。
Warming-up 部分通過(guò)兩張圖片引出話題“一旦地震發(fā)生，將會(huì)造成怎樣的危害”，為后面的主題作了一個(gè)熱身運(yùn)動(dòng)。
Pre-reading 部分設(shè)置了兩個(gè)開(kāi)放性問(wèn)題，目的是增加學(xué)生的生活常識(shí)，提高他們的應(yīng)變能力。這部分為接下來(lái)的閱讀作了很好的鋪墊，學(xué)生可通過(guò)套亂，參閱有關(guān)地震的書(shū)籍并運(yùn)用一些生活常識(shí)來(lái)回答這兩個(gè)問(wèn)題。Reading 部分具體描寫(xiě)了1976年唐山大地震的震前、震中和震后。作者詳細(xì)描述了地震來(lái)臨前的一些不正常的自然現(xiàn)象及動(dòng)物的反常表現(xiàn)；地震的來(lái)勢(shì)洶洶并在頃刻間將整座城市夷為平地；震后人們勇敢面對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)并及時(shí)實(shí)施搶救和重建工作。Comprehending 部分包括三組練習(xí)，主要目的是為了幫助學(xué)生更好地理解Reading部分的文章。
Learning about Language 部分分為兩個(gè)部分：Discovering useful words and expressions 和Discovering useful structures.第一部分要求學(xué)生在把握文章的基礎(chǔ)上，掌握重點(diǎn)詞匯的詞義及時(shí)用，這更注重培養(yǎng)學(xué)生運(yùn)用上下文猜測(cè)詞義的能力。其次還對(duì)一些復(fù)雜的數(shù)字讀法進(jìn)行了檢測(cè)。第二部分則結(jié)合文章學(xué)習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句。
Using Language 部分分為Reading，Writing and Speaking；Listening和Writing。Reading，Speaking 包括讀一篇邀請(qǐng)函，寫(xiě)一份演講稿和關(guān)于一套新唐山郵票的Little talk。Listening 部分講述了一位地震幸存者的故事，并根據(jù)聽(tīng)力材料進(jìn)行正誤判斷和回答問(wèn)題，旨在培養(yǎng)學(xué)生獲取細(xì)節(jié)的能力，并通過(guò)聽(tīng)來(lái)模仿標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的語(yǔ)音和語(yǔ)調(diào)。Writing部分要求學(xué)生報(bào)紙寫(xiě)一篇新聞報(bào)道，學(xué)習(xí)如何按照規(guī)范的步驟進(jìn)行寫(xiě)作，如選擇適當(dāng)?shù)貥?biāo)題和組織語(yǔ)言等。另外這一部分也培養(yǎng)學(xué)生寫(xiě)作時(shí)注意標(biāo)題、主旨大意和細(xì)節(jié)。
Summing up部分幫助學(xué)生整理、鞏固本單元所學(xué)到的知識(shí)，包括學(xué)到的關(guān)于地震的知識(shí)，有用的動(dòng)詞、名詞、表達(dá)方式和新的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目。Learning Tip部分就聽(tīng)英語(yǔ)方面給出了一些建議，建議學(xué)生多聽(tīng)廣播或電視里的英語(yǔ)節(jié)目.
二．教學(xué)目標(biāo)和要求
根據(jù)《英語(yǔ)新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》關(guān)于總目標(biāo)的具體描述，結(jié)合高一學(xué)生實(shí)際和教材內(nèi)容，我們將教學(xué)目標(biāo)分為語(yǔ)言知識(shí)、語(yǔ)言技能、學(xué)習(xí)策略、情感態(tài)度、文化意識(shí)五個(gè)方面。
1.知識(shí)目標(biāo)（Knowledge）
① 詞匯（Vocabulary）：shake, rise, crack, burst, well, smelly, pond, steam, destroy, ruin, injure, survivor, brick, useless, shock, quake, rescue, electricity,
disaster, organize, bury, coal, mine, shelter, fresh, percent, honor, prepare.
② 短語(yǔ)(Phrases and expressions)：right away, at an end, lie in ruins, be trapped under sth, to the north of sp, put up, give out, wake sb up, prepare sth for sth., think little of sth.
③ 語(yǔ)法(Grammar)：定語(yǔ)從句（The Attributive Clause）.能用英語(yǔ)描述任務(wù)的特征、行為等---- 由who/ whom/ whose/ that引導(dǎo)；能用英語(yǔ)描述事物、事件的性質(zhì)、內(nèi)容等---- 由which/ that/ whose引導(dǎo)。
2．能力目標(biāo)（Ability）
能運(yùn)用所學(xué)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)描述地震前兆、危害及震后援救；根據(jù)已知信息推測(cè)將要聽(tīng)取的材料的內(nèi)容；提高閱讀技能和用英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行思維、推理、判斷的能力； 掌握演講稿的格式及新聞報(bào)道的寫(xiě)作步驟和要點(diǎn)。
3. 情感目標(biāo)Affect
學(xué)習(xí)唐山人民勇敢面對(duì)自然災(zāi)害，積極進(jìn)行災(zāi)后重建的精神；在教學(xué)活動(dòng)中培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的合作精神和互助精神。
三．教學(xué)重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)
1重點(diǎn)詞匯：injure，survivor, shock, rescue, disaster, fresh, judge, prepare
2語(yǔ)法：The Attributive Clause
3難點(diǎn): 運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)表達(dá)自己的想法; 較長(zhǎng)句子成分的劃分及意義的理解; 如何能就課文內(nèi)容完成一些開(kāi)放性的話題討論，能把課文的內(nèi)容得以延伸與拓展;指導(dǎo)學(xué)生通過(guò)各種渠道如報(bào)紙、雜志、圖書(shū)館和網(wǎng)絡(luò)等資源查找有關(guān)素材，培養(yǎng)信息社會(huì)收集查找資料的能力。
四．課時(shí)安排
本單元共分為四個(gè)部分，具體課時(shí)教師可根據(jù)自身教學(xué)實(shí)踐進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)匕才藕驼{(diào)整。
Part 1：Warming-up和listening.通過(guò)游戲、介紹和VIDEO等手段對(duì)地震知識(shí)進(jìn)行適當(dāng)了解的基礎(chǔ)上，引入對(duì)San Francisco地震的學(xué)習(xí)，從而進(jìn)入聽(tīng)力部分。
Part 2：Pre-reading, Reading, Comprehending and Learning about Language.讀前的兩個(gè)問(wèn)題：第一個(gè)問(wèn)題問(wèn)學(xué)生在危機(jī)情況下會(huì)帶什么，有利于很好的激起學(xué)生的興趣和調(diào)動(dòng)課堂氣氛，由此則可過(guò)渡到第二個(gè)問(wèn)題對(duì)地震前兆的了解，從而自然地引入到對(duì)唐山大地震的學(xué)習(xí)。在對(duì)唐山大地震震前、震中和震后的學(xué)習(xí)中，可結(jié)合今年唐山大地震30周年的報(bào)道，使學(xué)生進(jìn)一步了解唐山大地震和現(xiàn)今的唐山，形成對(duì)比和強(qiáng)烈的震撼，從而更好地了解學(xué)習(xí)唐山人民勇敢面對(duì)自然災(zāi)害，積極進(jìn)行災(zāi)后重建的精神。其次，通過(guò)對(duì)文章的學(xué)習(xí)，了解新聞的特點(diǎn)，為后面的寫(xiě)作做準(zhǔn)備。重點(diǎn)詞匯和語(yǔ)法的學(xué)習(xí)可結(jié)合文章進(jìn)行，并配以適當(dāng)?shù)木毩?xí)。
Part 3：Writing由提前讓學(xué)生完成的關(guān)于唐山的新聞寫(xiě)作來(lái)引入對(duì)寫(xiě)作的學(xué)習(xí)。通過(guò)對(duì)學(xué)生習(xí)作的評(píng)析，來(lái)引出新聞寫(xiě)作中應(yīng)注意的事項(xiàng)，并通過(guò)適當(dāng)?shù)木毩?xí)來(lái)進(jìn)行鞏固，再讓學(xué)生對(duì)自身的習(xí)作進(jìn)行修改。
Part 4：Using Language(Reading, Writing and Speaking),主要學(xué)習(xí)SPEECH演講稿的寫(xiě)作。通過(guò)對(duì)演講稿的了解、注意事項(xiàng)和名人演講的感受，讓學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)如何恰當(dāng)?shù)貙?xiě)演講稿。
五．教學(xué)步驟
Warming-up & Listening
Teaching goals:
Get a general idea of earthquakes and some other natural disasters;
Train students’ listening ability and try to improve their pronunciation;
Know the damage that an earthquake and other disasters could bring about and ways to reduce the losses of an earthquake.
Teaching important points:
Train the students’ listening ability and improve pronunciation.
Teaching aids:
A tape recorder; the blackboard; CIA課件
Teaching procedures:
Step1. Lead-in
----video of different natural disasters
T: Our hometown is a place full of a kind of disasters. What is it?
Typhoon, earthquake, hurricane tsunami, flood, tornado, drought…are all called natural disasters.
Q. what damage will they bring about?
---- everything in ruins/ death/ losses…
Step2. Introduction of Earthquakes (Let students get the general idea of earthquake)
Q: what do you know about earthquake? What causes quakes and where do they often happen? How to predict an earthquake?
Q: How to avoid being hurt?? ----through games
Q: Have you heard of any land earthquakes?
----Two pictures in warming-up:
Tangshan Earthquake and San Francisco Earthquake.
Q: What do you know about these two earthquakes?
Step3: Listening
Pre-listening
----brief introduction of San Francisco Earthquake
Q: When did the quake happen?
---- 1906
Q: what damage did bring about?
---- About 700 people died in the earthquake and the fires. And as many as 250,000 people lost homes…
While-Listening
----according to the exercises in the text book
3. Post-listening
----How can we reduce the damage of earthquake? What can we do?
Step4: Homework
---- preview the reading “A Night the Earth didn’t Sleep” and learn new words of this unit
Reading
Teaching goals:
Target language 目標(biāo)語(yǔ)言
Learn and master the new words and expressions in this period.
Ability goals 能力目標(biāo)
Train the students’ reading and speaking ability.
Train the students’ ability to use the Internet to search for some useful information.
Train the students’ ability to cooperate with others.
Teaching important points:
Train the students’ reading ability-skimming and scanning.
Teaching difficult points:
Describe the disasters.
Teaching aids:
CIA課件
Teaching procedures:
Step1. Lead-in
T: We have a visit to the museum of natural disasters, and you have learned about some brief introduction of most disasters. Today, I want to show you round the earthquake department, and I hope you will like it and learn some useful knowledge. Now let’s go.
T: At the very beginning, I want to know how much you know about an quake.
Q1: What would you take with you if a quake happened?
Q2: The best way to save yourself is to know there will be a quake before it happens. What kind of signs can tell you that there is a quake?
Q3: What kind of damage can an earthquake cause?
S: buildings are destroyed; people are killed; families are broken…
T: Let’s have a look at some pictures of such terrible site. (Pictures of quakes)
T: (The last picture is monument of Tangshan quake.) Do you know what this is?
Step2. Pre-Reading
T: 30 years ago, on the day July, the 28th, a terrible disaster suddenly happened, and the beautiful Tangshan was removed from the map. This is Tangshan quake. Does any body know something about Tangshan quake?
T: Let’s read a news report about the famous quake.
Step3. While-reading
I. Skimming & scaring
Get the students comprehend the passage quickly and accurately, and meanwhile help the students to form a good habit of reading.
T: First please skim the passage fast to obtain/ get a general understanding of the whole passage. And underline the answers to the following questions.
II. While reading, divide the whole passage into 3 parts and find out the main idea of each part.
Para.1 before the quake
Para.2-3 during the quake
Para.4 after the quake
II. Careful-reading
Read the passage again and try to get more detailed information.
T: Now let’s read the passage again and find more information. Join the correct parts of the sentences. (Turn to page 27, ex1)
T: Now you have read the passage carefully, please put the sentences in order. Number each of these things during the Tangshan quake.(Turn to page 27, ex2)
T: here are some more work for you. You can work in groups.
T: Let’s watch some pictures, and comparing the old Tangshan, the Tangshan after quake, and the new Tangshan we see today.
Step 4 Post-reading (discussing)
T: After read the news report, and see so many pictures, what impresses you most? Why?
Or what do you learn from such a disaster?
(Self-rescue, environment protection, rebuilt, love and help)
I: self-rescue (a video game)
T: When in a quake, if you know some self-rescue skills, you may probably save yourself. If you want to know some of the skills, click here. (Link to the index)
Let’s do little game to see how much you know about self-rescue.
II. What did they suffer and feel?
T: Can you understand what they suffer and what they feel after such a disaster?
T: If you were one of the rescuers 30 years ago, what could you say and what can you do to comfort them? Or how could you help them?
III. Rebuilding
T: we see that the new Tangshan has been set up. What is needed to rebuild Tangshan.
IV: environment protection
T: nowadays there are more disasters than before. One of the reasons is that we pay more attention to our economy development than the earth we live.
Look at these pictures. What can we students do to save the earth?
T: Though the disasters destroy buildings, people’s lives, but it can not destroy the love among us.
Step 5 Homework
Find more news reports about earthquake.
Write a piece of news about Tangshan. You can use the information in the passage.
News Writing
Teaching aims:
Get students to learn how to write news;
Train students the ability to cooperate with each other and to search for information;
Learn more about Tangshan earthquake and honor the people of Tangshan.
Teaching difficulties:
How to make students learn writing in a more practical and effective way;
How to help students understand the tips for writing.
Teaching procedure:
Step 1: Lead-in
----The 30th anniversary of Tangshan earthquake (news)
T: We have learnt the Tangshan earthquake. When did it happen? How many people died during the earthquake?
Step 2: Presentation of students’ news writing (homework of last class)
----point out the mistakes in news writing according to three aspects
T: You have finished the news writing of Tangshan earthquake, and now it’s time for you to show your project. Others have to point out the mistakes in his or her writing according to three aspects.
----Three aspects: headline; content and language
T: What do you think of his or her writing? Is it a proper news writing? What have you done before your writing?
Step 3: Tips for writing
Preparation ---- an outline
Preparation: Choose a topic; decide what you want to say about the topic; Organize your ideas and write clearly.
Outline: A headline; a list of main ideas; A list of important details
Headline
⑴ Appreciation of headlines
New business regulations;
New tax on housing sales A Night the Earth didn’t Sleep;
Cyclists Ready to Go on the Road for Blind Kids;
China Marks 30th Anniversary of Tangshan Earthquake;
Does Beijing snack change its flavor?
Memories of quake die hard for Tangshan survivors;
Chao Chien-ming released.
⑵ characteristics of headlines
Q: what’s the characteristic of headlines?
⑶ practice ---- write headlines for the following news according to the picture and information given
Flood relief efforts----The death toll on the Chinese mainland from Typhoon Kaemi has risen to 32, with at least 65 still missing. Local governments are sparing no efforts to carry out relief work.
PLA celebrates 79th birthday----The Chinese People's Liberation Army is 79 years old, and the Defense Ministry has held a reception to celebrate.
Quake hits Indonesian island----A moderate earthquake has struck near Indonesia's Nias island off northern Sumatra. The quake, with a magnitude of 5.6 struck just before 8.30 am, and was centered under the Indian Ocean, about 55 kilometers northwest of the main town on the island, Gunung Sitoli.
Railway's impact on Tibetans----The Railway brings the remote Qinghai-Tibet plateau closer to the rest of the world. With people able to move in and out of the region more easily and the economic benefits the railway brings, the lives of Tibetans will never be the same again.
3. Content
---- How to organize your content of news
⑴ Tips----Be clear of the content you want to mention; List your ideas; Write the most important thing in the beginning and the less ones in the following
⑵ Practice----write the beginning of news according to the information and picture given
4. Language
Tips----clear; objective; brief; accurate; written English…
Step 4: Appreciation of news
Radio----VOA news: “Aid for tsunami victims”
News report----“Tangshan Quake 30th Anniversary”
Step 5: Improvement of students’ writing
----Improve your news writing about Tangshan earthquake
Using Language
----Reading, writing and speaking
Teaching Aims:
Enable the students to make a speech
Let the students enjoy some famous speeches
Teaching Important and Difficult Points:
Review something about disasters
How to make a speech
Teaching Methods:
Individual work
group work
Teaching Aids: Computer, blackboard
Teaching Procedures:
Step 1 Lead-in
(Teacher shows a series of pictures of some disasters on the screen, let the students talk about their feelings or anything they feel about the pictures.)
(The pictures are: fire, hurricane, typhoon, tsunami, earthquake…)
T: In this unit, we learn a lot about disasters. We know disaster is not a good thing to us. We often feel sad or sorry if a disaster happens.
T: Right now, you have just seen some of the disasters. Do you feel worried about these refugees?
Ss: Yes.
Step 2 Discussion
T: Yes, everybody will feel sorry for them. But who is the most worried people when a disaster happens?
Ss: families and friends / government and president / ……..
T: Suppose, there is an earthquake happen somewhere in China, and you have a friend happens to be there. You are very worried. What will you do when you hear that an earthquake happens there? (Let the students discuss with their partner)
Ss: I will feel very worried. I will make sure my friend is Ok as soon as possible. I will make a call to see if he is Ok.
T: Again, suppose you are a president of a country, and an earthquake happens in your country. What will you do?
Ss: It is my duty to comfort the refugees and the society. So first I will make a live speech to the whole country, telling my people that I know it and I will try my best to organize the rescue work and the rebuilding work after the earthquake.
T: Yes, you are very clever. In fact, a real president will do just as you said ----- to make a speech. Now just let’s listen to a real speech made by President Bush after a big earthquake hit India on the first day of New Year.
(Play the tape record for the students)
Step 3 Speech
T: Right now we’ve just listened to a speech made by President Bush. Do you know something about how to make a speech? Can you tell me when should we make a speech?
Ss: a speech competition / election / the beginning of a new year / the opening of some activity / anniversary…..
T: Yes, people need to make speeches at those times. Then do you know how to make a speech? What should we contain when we make a speech?
Ss: Introduction: Give a strong first impression & preview your speech
Body: Explain your ideas and support them
Conclusion: Review your speech and leave a lasting final impression.
Step 4 Text
T: It seems that you know a lot about making a speech. I remember we say that we may need to make a speech when it is some important anniversary.
T: You know 2006 is the 30th anniversary of Tang Shan Earthquake. Here is an invitation, inviting you to make a speech about it. You can look at the letter on your text book.
T: You can include these points in your speech;
thank Mr Zhang Sha and the city government for inviting you to speak
thank the visitors, especially the survivors
thank those who worked hard to save survivors
list some of the things the workers did to help the survivors
thank those who worked hard to build the city
describe your feeling about the city, which is known as the “Brave City of China”.
encourage the people to be always proud of their city.
thank the visitors for listening to your speech.
T: So try to give a speech, using these points. Now I will give you 5miniutes to finish the speech.
(after 5 minutes)
Step 5 Speech contest
T: Times up. Have you finished your speech? Ok, I think it is time for us to hold a speech contest. We have 4 groups in our class. Each group, please choose one contestant to represent your group and join the class speech contest. …, …and … will be the judges.
(Ask each group to give a speech and the chosen judges will choose the winner.)
T: Congratulations to the winner!
Step 6 Conclusion
T: In this lesson we learned a lot about speech and we also made a speech by ourselves. So do you know how to make a speech now?
T: At the end of the class, let’s enjoy a very famous speech in human history.
(Abraham Lincoln Gettysburg Address)
六．評(píng)估與反饋
----according to the “Summing Up” in Unit 4