第二講 定語從句
一 什么是定語從句
閱讀下列句子，找出哪一句是定語從句
1. My doctor told me to live where the air is fresh .
2. Tom was sleeping when the door bell rang .
3. Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school ?
4. Can you tell me when the Flight 5571 will depart ?
在復(fù)合句中充當定語的從句叫定語從句。定語從句的作用相當于形容詞，用來修飾主句中的某一個名詞或代詞或整個句子。被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞，定語從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后。因此，通常定語從句被視為一個句子與一個名詞的關(guān)系。在先行詞和定語從句之間起連接作用的叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞兩種。
例如：
He is the boy who often goes to school late.
注意
關(guān)系詞在定語從句中的三大作用：
1. 連接作用---連接先行詞和定語從句。例如：
I gave her all the money that I had .我把我所有的錢都給了他。（that 連接先行詞money 和定語從句I had ）.
2. 替代作用---在定語從句中替代從句所修飾的先行詞。例如：
The man who lives next door is a famous teacher.
2. 成分作用---在定語從句中作主語、賓語、定語或狀語。 例如：
I like pictures which are painted in the traditional Chinese style. 我喜歡傳統(tǒng)的中國畫（which 在定語從句中作 主語）。
二 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法
閱讀下面的句子，根據(jù)從句的語法特點將其歸類，幷把句子序號表格填入空缺處。
1. She is the old woman that witnessed the accident this morning .
2. Mary is the girl who works in Japan .
3. Is this the key which you are looking for.?
4. October 1,1949 is the day when New China was founded.
5. The house which stands on the top of the hill was built last month .
6. The student whom the teachers are talking about has won the first prize in the English contest.
7. He lied to the police officer, which made things even worse.
8. This magazine belongs to the teacher who teaches us history.
9. Tom is reading in the room where the others are watching TV .
10. He failed in the exam ,which surprised us all.
11. I don’t know the reason why she looks unhappy today.
12. I’ll never forget the day when I joined the League .
13. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane .
關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法
定語從句類型 特點 句子序號
由關(guān)系代詞which /that /who/whom 引導(dǎo) 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語
關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語
關(guān)系代詞which 指代前句所屬之事
由關(guān)系副詞when /where/why 引導(dǎo) 定語從句中不缺主語或賓語；when /where /why 充當從句的時間、地點、原因狀語。
Where 所指代的是一個抽象的地點，例如某一種情況、某一個領(lǐng)域。
鞏固練習
完成句子
1. Alexander Bell was the man _______________________(發(fā)明電話的人)。
2. The present ____________________________________(她生日那天我送她的) is still unopened.
3. Carol said the work would be done by October.__________________________，(我對此十分懷疑)。
4. The film brought the hours to me __________________________________(當時我得到很好的照顧) in the faraway village .
5. We are living in an age ______________________________(我們生活在一個很多事情需要用電腦來做的時代)。
單項選擇
1. Do you still remember the chicken farm _________________we visited three months ago .
A where B when C that D what
2. Women _______drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _______don’t
A who / B / who C who who D / /
3. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others ,_______, of course ,made the others envy him .
A who B that C what D which
4. If a shop has chairs _______women can park their men ,women will spend more time in shop .
A that B which C when D where
5 I work in a business _________almost everyone is waiting for a great chance .
A how B which C where D that
三 關(guān)系詞使用的注意事項
引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞的選用比較復(fù)雜。除了牽涉到所指的先行詞是人還是物，所引導(dǎo)的定語從句是限制性的還是非限制性的，以及關(guān)系詞在從句中充當什么句子成分外，還要根據(jù)習慣用法而定。
（一） 只能使用that ,who , whose 的定語從句。
請閱讀以下句子，根據(jù)用法分類，將句子序號填入表格中適當?shù)奈恢谩?/p>
1． This is the longest bridge that I have ever seen .
2． I happened to be the thousandth guest that visited the great hotel .
3． He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited .
4． Who is the man that came this morning .
5． Which is the bag that you lost .?
6． He is the very person that the police are looking for.
7． This is the only thing that I can remember .
8． Tell us everything that you know ,please.
9． Is there anything that you don’t understand ?
10． All that glitters is not gold .
11． Anyone who breaks the law shall be punished.
12． His mother ,who loves him very much ,is strict with him.
13． Here is the boy who wants to see you .
14． Those who are against the plan put up your hands please.
15． Mary is the girl whose parents work in Japan .
16． Last week I bought a car ,whose price is reasonable .