牛津高中英語模塊一（第二講）
【教學(xué)內(nèi)容與教學(xué)要求】
一、教學(xué)內(nèi)容：
牛津高中英語模塊一Unit 1 （下）
二、教學(xué)要求：
1．掌握和學(xué)校活動有關(guān)的常用單詞、詞組與句型。
2．學(xué)會用英語寫通知和海報。
3．語法：定語從句（二）
【知識重點與學(xué)習(xí)難點】
一、重要單詞：
contest, replace, possession, complete, include, programme, present(v), event, item, venue, timetable, compare, issue, order, dynasty, professor, unnecessary, attractive, underline, approve, , generation, require, scary, design, draft, wording, previous, finalize, poem, poet, confident, run(manage,operate), host, hostess, advertise,vote.
二、重點詞組：
refer to 指 , function as當(dāng)作…使用, 具有….的功能 , leave out省略 , relate to 和…相關(guān) , pay attention to注意, in short form用宿略的形式, take place發(fā)生, make decision作決定, make comparison作比較, take turns輪流, follow the outline按照綱要, be responsible for對…負(fù)責(zé), consist of包含,由…構(gòu)成, come up with想出, base on根據(jù), have it approved by…征得…..的同意, inform sb of sth告知, sign up簽名參加.
【難點講解】
1. I have to do my home work in a place that has desks and chairs.
我必須在一個有課桌椅的地方做家庭作業(yè)。
I don’t want to study in a room where desks and chairs are too small.
我不想在桌椅太小的房間里學(xué)習(xí)。
第一句里定語從句 that has desks and chairs的關(guān)系代詞that指代主句中的名詞room，作從句的主語；第二句里定語從句where desks and chairs are too small的關(guān)系副詞where 指代主句中的in a room, 在從句中是地點狀語。試比較：
This is the beach where(on which) many North Europeans spend their summer holidays.
This is the beach that(which) has white sand and palm trees.
上一句的beach是北歐人度假的地方，在這個地方是地點狀語，所以用關(guān)系副詞where 指代; 下一句中有白沙和棕櫚樹的是beach，它是從句的主語，所有以用關(guān)系代詞that來指代。
2. Besides, I might be reading the books in your father’s bookcases instead.
除此之外，我也許會只顧看你爸爸書櫥里的書，而不是去做作業(yè)。
She will be reading newspapers and magazines instead of doing her homework.
她將會忙著看報紙雜志而不是做作業(yè)。
“might be reading”，“will be reading”屬于“情態(tài)動詞＋be+doing” 的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示對某個時間正在發(fā)生的事情的預(yù)言、推測或期待。例如：
I shall be lying in bed and watching my fvourite football game by the time he finishes his homework..等他做完家庭作業(yè)時，我早就會躺在床上看我喜愛的足球比賽了。
“instead，instead of ”都表示“代替，而不是….” “instead”通常需要承接上文才能表達(dá)完整的意思，“instead of ”則可以在一句話中表達(dá)做了和沒做的事情。例如：
We didn’t go home after school. We went to a net café instead.
→Instead of going home after school, we went to a net café.
2) Students in UK don’t have lots of home work.. They have many school activities.
→Students in UK have many school activities instead of homework.
3. A programme is a plan of activities to be done or things to be achieved.
規(guī)劃是指要進(jìn)行的活動或要完成任務(wù)的計劃。
劃線部分是不定式的被動語態(tài)作定語，表示要做的事情。
4. The more choices you have, the better your final decisions will be.
相當(dāng)于：If you have more choice (條件狀語從句為一般現(xiàn)在時), you will make better decision（主句用將來時）. 你的選擇越多，最后的決定就越好。“The+比較級（adj/adv）或含比較級的詞組，the+另一個比較級（adj/adv）或含比較級的詞組”, 表示“越……就越…..”。
5. Your teacher has received an e-mail from a friend asking her about a history book from your school library.
你的老師收到一位朋友的電子郵件，詢問你們學(xué)校圖書館里的一本歷史書。
劃線部分是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語，補充說明賓語e-mail 的內(nèi)容。
6. ISBN ( International Standard Book Number) 國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)圖書編號
ISSN （International Standard Serial Number）國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)期刊編號
7．make常見的動賓搭配: make tea/coffee 沏茶、沖咖啡 , make friends交朋友 , make mistakes犯錯誤, make trouble惹麻煩, make a suggestion提建議, make a fire生火, make faces做鬼臉, make a decision做決定, make comparasions作比較, make a living謀生, make money掙錢 , make a request提要求, make an application申請。
【寫作】通知和海報
通知是上級對下級、組織對成員或平行單位之間部署工作、傳達(dá)事情或召開會議等所使用的應(yīng)用文。以布告形式貼出，把事情通知有關(guān)人員，如學(xué)生、觀眾等，通常不用稱呼；通知要求言簡意賅、措辭得當(dāng)、時間及時。 例一：布告形式的通知：通常此類通知上方正中寫Notice或NOTICE（通知），發(fā)出通知的的單位的具體名稱可放在正文前，也可放在正文后，右下角處，發(fā)出通知的日期寫在左下角處。例如
NOTICE All mumbers of the students’union are requested to meet in the school conference room on Saturday, Sept18th, at 2:00 p. m. to discuss questions of international culture exchanges with New Zealand high school band. Sept.14, 2005
海報的形式和媒體沒有特殊要求，它要先用簡明、生動的圖文吸引過往人群的注意力，再以簡潔扼要的文字、圖表介紹你要向公眾發(fā)布的信息。文字部分一般包括主題句或主題詞和條理清楚、簡單明了的內(nèi)容介紹。下面是一個網(wǎng)上海報，供大家參考：
Make a poster explaining a safety rule. It should give us a good Stay Alert message. If your poster wins you will receive a SASS T-shirt and it will appear in the SASS Gallery.
Mail you poster to:Stay Alert ... Stay SafeP.O. Box 93006,499 Main St. S.Brampton, OntarioL6Y 1N0
【語法】定語從句(2)
1．定語從句中關(guān)系代詞that、which 用來指代物，who 、whom和that 用來指代人，whose用來表示所屬關(guān)系，關(guān)系副詞when、where和 why指代時間、地點和原因。
2．關(guān)系代詞的用法 (1) 如果先行詞是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代詞，關(guān)系代詞一般只用that，不用which。例如： All that I have is my love for this land.
There isn’t much that we can do to ease his pain. (2) 如果先行詞被形容詞最高級以及first, last, any, only, few, much, no, some, very等詞修飾，關(guān)系代詞常用that,不用which。例如：
The last person that we want to invite to our house is Uncle Sam.
No nation that is capable of such atrocity can be trusted by its neighbours. (3) 非限制性定語從句中，不能用關(guān)系代詞that,作賓語用的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略。例如： There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom are well educated. (4) which還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導(dǎo)從句修飾前面的整個主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中，which可以作主語，也可以作賓語或表語，多數(shù)情況下意思是與and this 相似。例如： She failed in her attempt to catch the prince’s attention, which was a great disappointment to her mother. (5) 如果作先行詞的集體名詞著眼于集體的整體，關(guān)系代詞用which;若是指集體中的各個成員，則用who。 (6) 先行詞有兩個，一個指人，一個指物，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用that。例如： The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely. (7) 如果先行詞是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用 who 或whom，不用 which。例如： Is there anyone here who will go with you?
(8)關(guān)系代詞that/which/who/whom在從句中作賓語時可以省略。例如：
The girl (whom) you just saw is the cheer leader of our football club.
Every moment(that) we spent in the UK will be a precious memory for us. As在定語從句中的用法 一. 引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句 （１）as多與such 或the same連用，可以代替先行詞是人或物的名詞。 （２）as 也可單獨使用，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，作用相當(dāng)于which。例如： The elephant’s nose is like a snake, as anybody can see.二．關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 1．關(guān)系副詞也可以引導(dǎo)定語從句 關(guān)系副詞在從句中分別表示時間．地點或原因。關(guān)系副詞when在從句中充當(dāng)時間狀語，where 充當(dāng)?shù)攸c狀語，why充當(dāng)原因狀語。例如：We shall always remember the day when Japan surrendered to the ally force.
This is one of the few places where you can buy top quality wine. 2. that有時也可引導(dǎo)定語從句表示時間．地點或原因 That有時可以代替關(guān)系副詞 when, where 或者why引導(dǎo)定語從句表示時間．地點或原因，這種定語從句中的that也可以省去。例如：
That is the time(that) he arrives.
That is the reason (that) he came.
【同步練習(xí)】
選擇適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空：
1. His parents wouldn’t let him play with anyone ______ scores was poor.
A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose
2. She heard a terrible noise, _______ brought her heart into her mouth.
A. it B. which C. this D. that
3. In the dark street , there wasn’t a single person _____ she could get help.
A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
4. The day _______ he chose for his son wedding was a lucky day in the lunar calendar.
A. when B. where C. that D. who
5. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child.
A. which B. where C. that D. when
6．This monument is all ______ remains of the ancient kingdom.
A. it B. that C. when D. which
7．He mentioned a book the tile of ______ I can’t remember now.A．who B．which C．this D．what
8. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , _____ was very reasonable.
A. which price C. the price of which
C. its price D. the price of whose
9._____ has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules.
A. As B. It C. That D. Which
10. He lived in London for 3 months , during ____ time he learned some English.
A. this B. which C. that D. same
11. On the wall hangs a picture, _____ color is blue.
A. whose B. of which C. which D. its
12.I still remember the time ______ I first became a college student.
A. what B. which C. that D. when
13. Mr.Ford still talks like the man______ he was ten years ago.
A. that B. where C. which D. there
14. The boss ____ department Ms King worked ten years ago looked down upon women.
A. in which B. in that C. in whose D. whose
15.I don’t like _____ you speak to her.
A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which
16.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ._______ I got wet through .
A. It’s the reason B. That’s why
C. There’s why D. It’s how
17. He made another wonderful discovery , ____ of great importance to science.
A. which I think is B. which I think it is
C. which I think it D.I think which is
18. There is only one dish on the table_______ I want to eat .
A. who B. that C. what D. whcih
參考答案
一、1-5 DBCCB 6-10 BBCAB 11-15 ADACA 16-18 BAB