核心詞匯
1．People found the little match girl dead in the street at____________(黎明)．
2．This problem is only____________(稍稍)difficult，but I can work it out easily.
3．The two governments have settled their differences over their common____________(邊界)．
4. The Chinese people have the____________(傳統)of respecting the old and loving the young.
5．When we____________(測量)the yard，we found it was twenty feet long and fifteen feet wide.
6．The man has ____________(寬闊的)shoulders and looks handsome.
7．I’ll go____________(市區)tomorrow.Do you want to go with me?
8．When they saw the ____________scene，everyone on the spot felt____________and couldn’t say a word.(terrify)
9．用impress的適當形式填空
(1)So charming are the sights of Jiuzhaigou that they leave a deep____________on visitors from home and abroad.
(2)To tell you the truth，I was deeply ____________by his excellent speech.
10．With so many trees and flowers____________it，the school looks very nice.I’d like to bring up my child in healthy ____________，so I would like to send him to it.(surround)
1.dawn 2.slightly 3.border 4.tradition 5.measured 6.broad 7.downtown 8.terrifying；terrified 9.(1)impression (2)impressed 10.surrounded；surroundings
高頻短語
1．________________ 與其；不愿
2．________________ 被……包圍
3．________________ 定居；平靜下來；專心于
4．________________ 設法做
5．________________ 看見；瞥見
6．________________ 對……有天賦
7．________________ 在遠處
8．________________ 遠到；直到；至于
9．________________ 在黎明，在拂曉
10．________________ 給……留下深刻印象
1.rather than 2.be surrounded by/with 3.settle down 4.manage to do 5.catch sight of 6.have a gift for 7.in the distance 8.as far as 9.at dawn 10.impress...on/upon
重點句式
1．________________，they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train from west to east across Canada.
她們不想一路乘飛機，而決定先飛到溫哥華，再從西海岸乘火車橫穿加拿大到達東海岸。
2．It is ________wet there ________ the trees are extremely tall，some ________over 90 metres.
那里的濕度很大，所以樹都長得特別高，一些高達90多米。
3．It’s too bad you can’t go________________ Ottawa，Canada’s capital.
很可惜你們不能一直走到加拿大的首都渥太華。
4．As they sat in a buffet restaurant________________the broad St Lawrence River，a young man sat down with them.
當她們坐在一家自助餐廳里眺望廣闊的圣勞倫斯河時，一個年輕人坐到了她們身邊。
知識詳解
1.Rather than take the aeroplane all the way 2.so；that； measuring 3.as far as 4.looking over
1.surround vt.& vi. 包圍；圍繞
(回歸課本P34)People say it is Canada’s most beautiful city，surrounded by mountains and the Pacific Ocean.
人們說溫哥華是加拿大最美麗的城市，被大山和太平洋環抱。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①(牛津P2036)As a child I was surrounded by love and kindness.
幼年時我備受關愛。
②They surrounded the house and garden with a fence.
他們用一道籬笆把房子和花園圍住。
③We are living in pleasant surroundings.
我們生活在舒適的環境中。
[即境活用]
1．When I got home，I found my son was playing on the carpet，________by all kinds of toys.
A．surrounding B．surrounded
C．surrounds D．having surrounded
解析：選B。由句子結構可知此處應使用非謂語動詞可排除C項，再由the carpet與surround之間是被動關系可排除A、D兩項，此處是過去分詞作狀語，故選B。
2.distance n． 距離；遠方；遙遠；疏遠
v． 不介入；與……疏遠
(回歸課本P38)In the distance，they could see the misty cloud that rose from the great Niagara Falls，which is on the south side of the lake.
遠處，她們可以看到在湖的南邊尼亞加拉大瀑布上方升騰著的霧靄。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①The picture looks beautiful at a distance.
那幅畫遠看顯得很美。
②We saw lights in the distance.
我們看到了遠處的點點燈光。
③My parents live within walking distance of me.
我父母住在我家附近。
④(牛津P579)She was warned to keep her distance from Charles if she didn’t want to get hurt.
有人告誡她說，如果不想受到傷害，就與查爾斯離得遠一點。
[即境活用]
2．The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a________of 60 miles.
A．length B．distance
C．way D．space
解析：選B。考查名詞辨析。“a distance of＋數字”表示“……距離”。
3.measure vi.& vt. 測量；衡量；判定
n． 計量制；計量單位；措施
(回歸課本P34)It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall，some measuring over 90 metres.
那兒的濕度很大，所以樹都長得特別高，一些高達90多米。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①(朗文P1279)The nurse weighed me and measured my height.
護士稱了一下我的體重，而后量了一下我的身高。
②(朗文P1279)You can’t measure someone by the clothes they wear.
你不能以衣著衡量一個人。
③It is high time that we should take some measures to protect endangered animals.
我們是時候應該采取措施保護瀕臨滅絕的動物了。
[即境活用]
3．完成句子
(1)過去，媽媽在春節來臨時總是為我量身做新衣服。
In the old days，my mother always made new clothes________ ________ ________ ________with Spring Festival coming.
答案：to my own measure
(2)政府對醉酒駕駛采取了強硬措施。
The government________ ________ ________ ________drunk driving.
答案：took strong measures against
4.confirm vt. 證實；證明；批準
(回歸課本P38)The next morning the bushes and maple trees outside their windows were red，gold and orange，and there was frost on the ground，confirming that fall had arrived in Canada.
第二天早上，在她們的車窗外到處是灌木叢和楓樹，掛滿朱紅、赤金和橘黃色的葉子，地面上覆蓋了一層薄霜，表明了秋天已經來到了加拿大。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①(牛津P415)It has been confirmed that the meeting will take place next week.
已經確定會議將于下個星期召開。
②Six people have confirmed that they will be attending and ten haven’t replied yet.
已有六人證實他們將會參加但還有十人仍未答復。
③He was confirmed as captain for the rest of the season.
他被正式任命在這個賽季剩下的一段時間內擔任隊長。
④The expression on her face confirmed our fears.
她臉上的表情證實了我們的憂慮。
[即境活用]
4．The recent airplane crash________my belief that stronger safety regulations are needed.
A．confirms B．combines
C．conducts D．conforms
解析：選A。confirm one’s belief “堅定信念”。
5.impress vt. 使銘記；銘刻；給……留下極深的印象
(回歸課本P39)Describe two or three things that impressed you most and your feelings when you experienced them.
描述2～3件給你留下深刻印象的事情和你體驗它們時的情感。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①The teacher impressed the importance of English on/upon me.
老師讓我銘記(向我強調)英語的重要性。
②My father impressed me with the value of hard work.
父親要我牢記努力工作的重要性。
③The audience were deeply impressed by the actors’ wonderful performance.
觀眾對演員們的精彩表演印象深刻。
④(朗文P1041)It is important to make a good impression at your interview.
面試時給人留下好的印象是很重要的。
[即境活用]
5．The new teacher made a good________on the students by her rich knowledge and humorous talk.
A．feeling B．effect
C．impression D．sense
解析：選C。考查名詞詞義辨析。make a good impression on sb.意為“給某人留下好印象”。句意：那位新老師以豐富的知識和幽默的語言給同學們留下了很好的印象。
6．(2011年金華十校聯考)The conference has been held to discuss the ________of global warming on people’s lives all over the world.
A．importance B．effects
C．protection D．impression
解析：選B。考查名詞辨析。effects意思是“影響”，即討論全球氣候變暖對人們生活的影響。importance意思是“重要性”；protection意思是“保護”；impression意思是“印象”。
6.catch sight of 看見；瞥見
(回歸課本P34)．..they managed to catch sight of some mountain goats and even a grizzly bear and an eagle.
……她們總算看到了野山羊，甚至還看到了一只大灰熊和一只鷹。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①Suddenly，I caught sight of my English teacher in the crowd.
突然，在人群中我看到了英語老師。
②(牛津P1863)She caught sight of a car in the distance.
她瞥見遠處有一輛車。
③(朗文P1906)We stood at the window until the car came into sight.我們站在窗前，直到看見他們的車子。
④He ran fast and was soon out of sight.
他跑得很快，一會兒就不見了。
[即境活用]
7．At the railway station，the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was________.
A．out of sight B．out of reach
C．out of order D．out of place
解析：選A。句意：在火車站，母親向女兒揮手告別直到火車消失在視野中。
7.as far as 遠到，直至，至于
(回歸課本P38)It’s too bad you can’t go as far as Ottawa，Canada’s capital.
很可惜你們不能一直走到加拿大的首都渥太華。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①As far as I know，it is convenient to do shopping in that small city.
就我所知，在那座小城市里購物很方便。
②Besides，as far as he was concerned，what other people thought was not the most important thing.
此外，他認為別人的想法并不是最重要的。
③Standing here，you can see as far as the foot of the hill.
站在這里，你可以一直看到山腳下。
④(2010年高考江西卷)-Our holiday cost a lot of money.
--我們的假期花了很多錢。
-Did it？Well，that doesn’t matter as long as you enjoyed yourself.
--是嗎？只要你玩的開心就好了。
[即境活用]
8．________I can see，there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger.
A．As long as B．As far as
C．Just as D．Even if
解析：選B。as far as I can see“據我所知”。as long as“只要”，表示條件；just as“就像……”，表示方式；even if“即使”，表示讓步，皆不符合語境。
9．-How far apart do they live?
-________I know，they live in the same neighbourhood.
A．As long as B．As far as
C．As well as D．As often as
解析：選B。as far as I know“據我所知”。
10．(2009年高考陜西卷)My parents don’t mind what job I do________I am happy.
A．even though B．as soon as
C．as long as D．as though
解析：選C。句意：我的父母不在乎我從事什么樣的工作，只要我高興就好。本題考查狀語從句。as long as 引導條件狀語從句，意為“只要”。as soon as“ 一……就……”；even though“雖然，盡管”；as though “好像”。
句型梳理
1【教材原句】 Rather than take the aeroplane all the way，they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train from west to east across Canada.(P34)
她們不想一路乘飛機，而決定先飛到溫哥華，再從西海岸乘火車橫穿加拿大到達東海岸。
【句法分析】 (1)rather than 寧愿……而不愿……；而不是……；與其……倒不如(連接平行結構)
would rather do...than do＝would do...rather than do
寧愿……而不愿……
prefer to do...rather than do...寧愿……而不愿……
①I think Tom，rather than you，is to blame.
我想不是你，而是湯姆應受責備。
②I have decided to send him an email rather than (to) telephone.
我決定給他發個電子郵件，而不是打電話。
③He preferred to stay at home watching TV rather than go to the concert.
他寧愿在家里看電視也不愿去聽音樂會。
④I would rather (that) you hadn’t done that thing.
我寧愿你沒做那件事。
[即境活用]
11．(2011年黑龍江雙鴨山一中月考)To enjoy the scenery，Bob would spend long time on the train________travel by air.
A．other than B．apart from
C．instead of D．rather than
解析：選D。考查短語。句意：Bob 為了欣賞風景寧可花時間坐火車也不乘飛機。rather than 而不；other than 不同于，除了；apart from 除……以外；instead of 替代。根據語意選D。
2【教材原句】 It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall，some measuring over 90 metres.(P34)
那兒的濕度很大，樹木極高，有些樹的高度超過90米。
【句法分析】 some measuring over 90 metres為獨立主格結構，在句中作伴隨狀語。
這種獨立主格結構由名詞(代詞)加分詞(現在分詞或過去分詞)構成，分詞的邏輯主語是該名詞(代詞)。該結構在句中作狀語，可以表示時間、原因、條件或伴隨等。
①He lay on his back，his teeth set and his glaring eyes looking straight upward.(伴隨狀語)
他躺在那兒，牙關緊咬，而且他發怒的眼睛直盯著上方。
②Time permitting，we’ll have a dictation.(條件狀語)
如果時間允許，我們就聽寫。
③There being no bus，we had to go home on foot.(原因狀語)
沒有公共汽車了，我們不得不步行回家。
[即境活用]
12．All the factors________，the planned trip will have to be called off.
A．considered
B．be considered
C．considering
D．having considered
解析：選A。本題考查獨立主格結構的用法。句意：考慮了所有的因素之后，原來計劃好的旅行不得不取消了。本句中的consider與All the factors之間為動賓關系，在句子中要用被動形式，因此排除C、D兩項，前后兩部分不是并列的分句，要采用“名詞＋過去分詞”形式的獨立主格結構作時間狀語，相當于after all the factors are considered，此處的獨立主格結構也可改寫成with all the factors considered。
13．The children went home from the grammar school，their lessons________for the day.
A．finishing B．finished
C．had finished D．went finished
解析：選B。句意：那天的課程一結束，孩子們紛紛從那所語法學校回到家里。當兩句話并列時，需要并列連詞，而題干中沒有并列連詞，故排除C、D兩項；可判斷逗號后應為獨立主格結構作狀語，在此結構中邏輯主語lessons與邏輯謂語finish之間為被動關系，故排除A項。
作文指導
長句和短句的變換
長句含有許多修飾語，適合表達準確而復雜的思想，解釋觀點或理論，描寫細致的事物；短句比較簡潔、明快、有力，適合陳述重要的事實或想法。長句使文章富有氣勢，卻容易產生語法錯誤，或者造成理解障礙；短句不容易出錯，但是短句的堆砌容易讓人感覺語言技巧不成熟、不老練。
在實際寫作中，一味地采用長句或短句都是不可取的，要長短句交替使用。通常最簡單而又適用于應試的長短句交錯的方法是：以簡單句為基礎，配以適當的并列句和復合句。簡單句可長可短，一般要加些附屬成分，如分詞短語、不定式短語、介詞短語和副詞短語等。
短句變長句
【佳句選粹1】
【原文】 【優化】
Lies do harm to those who are being told.Lies also do harm to those who tell them. Lies not only do harm to those who are being told，but also do harm to those who tell them.
【分析】 原來的兩個句子之間存在明顯的并列關系，因此應將其合二為一，改寫成由“not only...，but also...”連接成的一個并列句，這樣才更符合英語作為“形合語言”的特點。
【佳句選粹2】
【原文】 【優化】
His overall performance was outstanding and worked extremely well with people.He always proves himself hardworking and modest. His overall performance was outstanding and worked extremely well with people and he always proves himself hardworking and modest.
【分析】 原來的兩個句子之間存在明顯的并列關系，因此應將其合二為一，改寫成由and連接成的一個并列句，這樣才更符合英語作為“形合語言”的特點。
【佳句選粹3】
【原文】 【優化】
In most countries，schools can be divided into two broad categories：public schools and private schools.Public schools are financed by the government and enroll both boys and girls.The majority of private schools are singlesex educational establishments. In most countries，schools can be divided into two broad categories：public schools，which are financed by the government and enroll both boys and girls，and private schools，the majority of which are singlesex educational establishments.
【分析】 句子“Public schools are financed by the government and enroll both boys and girls.”中的“public schools”用which代替，并作為引導詞變成非限制性定語從句；句子“The majority of private schools are singlesex educational establishments.”中的“private schools”用which代替，變成了“the majority of which”形式，這正是定語從句“介詞of＋which”結構。用了兩個定語從句優化后，句子顯得更有文采，而且更有氣勢。
長句變短句
長句固然能表達出復雜而縝密的思想，但如果片面追求復雜句式，華而不實，反而成為表達的累贅。
寫作中句子的長短應根據表達的需要，有話則長，無話則短。短句不僅指句子長度較短，也指句子內部結構精練。簡潔是一個重要的原則，用詞累贅是寫作的大忌。
【佳句選粹】
【原文】 【優化】
His father，who is a salesman，became a millionaire overnight. His father，a_salesman，became a millionaire overnight.
【分析】 優化后的句子用同位語代替了原句中的定語從句，從而起到了精簡句子的作用。
（小周）