高中語法專項二
倒裝
所謂倒裝也就是謂語動詞出現在主語之前的現象。其中謂語動詞全部放在主語之前的叫作全部或完全倒裝；把謂語中的助動詞或情態動詞放在主語之前的則稱為部分倒裝。
一、全部倒裝。
1． 由here，there，now, then + come/go …時。如：
There goes the bell! Now comes your turn.。
2．副詞out，in, into, away, up, down等置于句首時。如：
Out jumped a tiger from behind a rock. In came an old man with a long white beard.
3. 當地點狀語置于句首時。如：
At the corner of the street stands a newly-opened tea house.
On the wall hang two pictures.
但當主語為代詞時，不用倒裝結構。
Here they are.
Out they went into the forest.
Away they rushed when they saw some enemy soldiers running along.
二、部分倒裝
1．在口語中，用在以so，neither，nor引起的縮略答語中，即So do sb./ Neither(nor) do sb.結構。(So do sb: 兩者比較，也是如此；So sb does: 同一個人再次確定，確實如此)
2．only + 狀語放句首。如：
1） Only when he reached school did he realize that he left his textbook at home.
2） Only then did she see her mother.
3） Only in this way can we improve our English.
3．表否定意義的成分 little; few; seldom; neither; nor; no; not; never; hardly; scarcely（很少）放在句首時。如：
1) Never shall I forget the day when I met Mr.Wang in the countryside.
2)As she is busy writing an important article, seldom does she watch Tv.
3)Hardly does the hibernating animal make any movement and need any food in winter.
4)Little did I expect to meet him on such an occasion.
4．幾個結構：
1) Not only+倒… but also+順
Not only is he a diligent student, but also he is a warmhearted helper.
2) Neither+倒… nor +順
Neither did they remain silent nor any one of them shout at the top of his voice.
3)Either +倒… or +順
Either will he choose to stay or go with the big group.
4)Not until置于句首時， Not until+時間+肯定句的部分倒裝（沒有not ）
Not until he lost his health did he realize what good health meant.（倒裝在后）
5．在虛擬語氣結構中，當if省略時, 后面的had, should ，were提到句首，剩下部分不變。
If he had known about it , he would have come to the meeting yestersay. = Had he known about it, …
If it were to rain tomorrow, we wouldn’t have the meeting. = Were it to rain tomorrow, …
6. 在so + adj/adv + that…結構中，當so + adj/adv置于句首時。如：
So louldly did he speak that everybody could hear him clearly.
7. 在Scarcely / Hardly had …when和No sooner had… than(剛…就…)的結構中。如：
Hardly had I got back when I started cooking.
No sooner had we sat down than he found it was time to go.
8. 在頻度狀語often, always, many a time等開頭的句子中
Often did we warn them not to do so.
Many a time has she helped me with my English.
9. 在as（盡管）引導的讓步狀語從句中 = Though／Although。。。(此時不可用 As…, 因為as放句首時只能表示因為或是當。。。的時候)
Young as he is, he knows a lot. Child as he is, he knows a lot.
Hard as he works, he is not good at maths.
放中間時as和though可以替換, 注意名詞前提時不帶任何冠詞。
責任編輯：李芳芳