2006屆新高三基礎(chǔ)知識歸納
SB3A Units1--4
一. 知識菜單
(一. ) 常用單詞與詞組
常用單詞
1. voyager conclude length athletic account inspect confirm certificate gradual enthusiastic decade committee burst underline globe bush administration permission schoolmate grandparent recently familiar delight delighted energetic cautious outgoing evaluate various key origin equip wealthy Asian ambassador wander motherland existence accurate navy treasure command royal embassy volunteer dam suggest accomplish unable sacred aircraft chairman evidence praise strait islander govern diverse transform immigration strengthen differ pronunciation vocabulary concept chairwoman entire fence birthplace outing roast steak barrier hairy medium bushy procedure rose strawberry lemon bunch growth classify identification promote botanical appetite appoint calculate expense astronomy cocoa enterprise settlement accumulate abandon straw pineapple tone altogether latter distinguish
2. beard/ moustache
3. tight/ tightrope/ tighten
4. edition/ edit/ editor
5. hire/ fire
6. attempt to do sth
7. suitable/ fit
8. blank adj./ n.
9 bid n. /v
10.skillful/ skilled/ skill
11. truly/ true/ real/ really
12. puzzle n./ vt.
13. sick/ sickness/ ill/ illness
14. arise/ rise/ raise
15.fellow adj./n
16.criminal n./ adj.
17.female/ male
18.mine n/ vi/ pron.
19.outdoors/ outdoor/ indoors/ indoor
20.point/ pointed
21.merely/ only
22.classify/class/ classical
23.reward n. vt.
24.technician/ technical/ technique/technology
25.nowhere/ anywhere/ everywhere/ somewhere
26.appearance/ appear/ disappear
27. latter/ later/ late/lately
28.output/ input
29.millimeter/ centimeter/ kilometer
常用詞組
1. set down/ write down/put down
2. in a row
3. in the first place/ first/ firstly
4. apply for
5. be enthusiastic about/over/at
6. burst into sth/ burst out doing
7.be familiar with/ be familiar to
8. center on/ upon
9. concentrate on/ upon
10. in the name of / after one’s name
11. be a puzzle to sb.
12. in exchange for
13. set sail to/for /from
14. in return/in turn
15. bring up
16. apart from/ besides/ except/ except for
17. run out/ run out of
18.as a consequence of
19.go walkabout
20.break out/ break away
21.feed…on/ live…on
22.round up
23.look out for
24.on a large scale
25.year after year/ year by year
26.pass away
27.name …after
28.in detail/ in order
(二)重點(diǎn)語法:
1. Review the Subject
2. Review the Predicate
3. Review the Predicative
4. Review the Object
二. 疑難點(diǎn)撥:
1. conclude
vt.
1.) 結(jié)束[(+by/with)]
He concluded the speech by quoting/ with a quotation from Einstein.
他最后引用愛因斯坦的一句話結(jié)束演說。
2.) 推斷出,斷定 [+that]
From what you’ve said I can conclude that you like the job very much.
從你所說的我可以推斷出你非常喜歡這份工作。
3.) 締結(jié)(條約)[(+with)]
conclude a treaty with和……訂立條約
4.) (最后)決定(為)[+to-v][+that]
He concluded to quit on pay day.
他決定在發(fā)薪水這天辭職。
He concluded that he would wait a little longer.
他決定再等一會兒。
vi.
結(jié)束,終了[(+with)]
The play concluded with the death of the entire cast.
該劇以全體劇中人物之死結(jié)局。
2. make for可造成，可成為，有好處
The large print makes for easier reading.
大字排版使閱讀輕松一些。
Does early rising make for good health?
早起有利于健康嗎？
3. attempt
vt.
1.) 試圖;企圖;試圖做[+to-v]
They attempted to finish the task before July.
他們打算在七月以前完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。
2.) 試圖攻占
They attempted the life of the leader.
他們試圖殺死這個領(lǐng)袖。
n.[C]
1.) 企圖,嘗試[(+at/on)][+to-v]
He made an attempt on the world record.
他試圖打破世界紀(jì)錄。
Her attempt at poetry was a failure.
她嘗試寫詩失敗了。
make an attempt to do sth./ at doing sth. 試圖做某事
2.) 攻擊[(+on)]
Several attempts have been made on the president's life.
已經(jīng)有人三番五次試圖謀殺總統(tǒng)。
4. confirm
vt.
1.) 證實(shí);確定[+(that)]
The Prime Minister confirmed that he would visit France next month.
首相確定他下個月訪問法國。
His letter confirmed everything.
他的信證實(shí)了一切。
2.) 堅(jiān)定;加強(qiáng) [+(in)]
The latest developments confirmed me in my belief.
最新的發(fā)展使我堅(jiān)信我的信仰。
3.) 批準(zhǔn),確認(rèn)
The queen confirmed the treaty.
女王批準(zhǔn)了此項(xiàng)條約。
5. burst
vi.
1.) 爆炸;破裂
The balloon burst.
氣球爆炸了。
2.) 沖,闖
Her door was thrust open, and Mrs. Page burst in.
她的門被猛地推開,佩奇太太沖了進(jìn)來。
3.) 突然出現(xiàn);突然發(fā)生,爆發(fā)
4.) (用進(jìn)行時)塞滿,幾乎要脹破[(+with)]
I am bursting with pride.
我自豪極了。
相關(guān)短語：burst into tears / burst into laughter/ burst out laughing
vt.
1.) 使爆炸;使破裂
After ten days of rain the river burst its banks.
下了十天雨后河堤決口了。
2.) 突然打開;沖出;炸出
3. )使脹破
6. underline
vt.
1.) 在...的下面劃線
The key words are underlined.
關(guān)鍵的字下面劃了線。
2.) 強(qiáng)調(diào);使突出
This example underlines the consequences of bad management.
這個例子突顯了管理不好的后果。
7. be familiar to/ be familiar with
sb./ sth. be familiar to sb. ……對某人來說很熟悉
sb. be familiar with sb./ sth. 某人熟悉或通曉……
I’m familiar with your name.
Your name is familiar to me.
我熟悉你的名字。
She has become familiar with the house
The house has become familiar to her.
她對房子已經(jīng)很熟悉。
8. center on/ upon/ around
集中; 居中[(+on/upon/around)]
Their talks always center around politics.
他們的談話總是圍繞著政治。
9. concentrate
vt.
集中;聚集,集結(jié) [(+on/upon)]
We must concentrate our attention on efficiency.
我們必須把注意力集中在效率上。
Our population is concentrated in the big cities.
我國人口集中在大城市里。
vi.
全神貫注;專心致志于；全力以赴[(+on/upon)]
She couldn't concentrate on a book very long.
她不能長時間專心讀一本書。
10. delight
n.
1.) 欣喜,愉快[U]
To our delight, our football team won.
令我們高興的是,我們的足球隊(duì)贏了。
She ran back home with delight.
她興高采烈地跑回家。
2.) 樂事,樂趣[C]
He enjoyed the delights of New York's night life.
他享受了紐約夜生活的樂趣。
vt.
使高興；使愉快
I'm delighted that you are back.
你回來了,我很高興。
We were delighted to read your novel.
我們很高興拜讀你的小說。
The clown delighted the audience.
小丑逗樂了觀眾。
11. puzzle
vt.
1.) 使迷惑;使為難,使窘困
What puzzles me is why they didn't show up.
令我百思不解的是他們?yōu)槭裁礇]有出現(xiàn)。
He looked a little puzzled.
他看上去有點(diǎn)困惑。
His recent behavior puzzles me.
他最近的行為使我迷惑不解。
2.) 苦思而得出[(+out)]
I could not puzzle out her intentions.
我猜不出她的意圖。
We finally puzzled out the meaning of the poem.
我們苦苦思索終于理解這首詩的意思。
vi.
1.) 感到迷惑[(+about/ over)]
I have been puzzling about this question for weeks now.
我對這個問題已冥思苦想了好幾個星期。
2.) 苦思,冥思苦想[(+about/over/as to)]
n.
1.) (游戲的)猜謎,智力競賽[C]
2.) 難題,謎,難以理解之事[sing.]
Her decision was a puzzle to him.
她的決定對他來說是個謎。
3.) 困惑,迷惑[sing.]
I'm in a puzzle as to how to cope with the new situation.
我不知道該如何應(yīng)付這新局面。
12.in exchange for與……交換
She is giving him English lessons in exchange for his teaching her Chinese.
她教他英語，他教她漢語。
13. wander
vi.
1.) 漫游;閑逛;流浪;徘徊[(+about/off/over/through)]
He wandered about the streets.
他在街上游蕩。
2.) 離開正道;離題[(+from/off)]
During the storm the ship wandered from its course.
船在風(fēng)暴中偏離了航道。
He wandered from the subject.
他說離了題。
3.) (精神)錯亂;(思想)混亂;出神,開小差
My attention wandered.
我走了神。
14. suggest
vt.
1.) 建議,提議[+v-ing][+(that虛擬)]
I suggest our going to the park on Sunday.
我建議我們星期天去公園。
The dentist suggested that she (should) come another day.
牙醫(yī)建議她改天再來。
2.) 暗示;啟發(fā)[+(that陳述)]
Her expression suggested pleasure./that she was pleased
她面露喜色。
3.) 使人想起,使人聯(lián)想到[(+to)]
That cloud suggests a boat to me.
那朵云使我聯(lián)想到船。
15. accomplish
vt.
1.) 完成,實(shí)現(xiàn),達(dá)到
They didn't accomplish the purpose desired.
他們沒有達(dá)到預(yù)期的目的。
They have accomplished their mission successfully.
他們成功地完成了任務(wù)。
2.) 走完,度過
She has accomplished 95 years of her life.
她已達(dá)九十五高齡。
The journey was accomplished in five weeks.
花了五個禮拜走完全部旅程。
16. refer to
1.) 查閱，參閱
A person refers to a dictionary to find the meaning of the words.
2.) 指……而言，指的是
I knew the lady was referring to Bill when she spoke of a bright young boy.
3.) 把……稱作(as)
Don’t refer to your sister as a silly cow!
refer…to
1.) 指導(dǎo)；讓……找
Our teacher refers us to many good books.
If he needs any further information, refer him to me.
2.) 歸功于；歸咎于
He referred his success to the good teaching he’s had.
17. arise (arose, arisen)
arise vi./ rise vi. / raise vt.
raise是及物動詞，比較好區(qū)分。下面主要看arise 和rise的區(qū)別
arise (1) to come into being or into notice; happen; appear產(chǎn)生,出現(xiàn),形成
Problems will arise as we do the work.
隨著我們開展工作，問題就會出現(xiàn)。
(2) to get up from sitting or lying; stand up 從坐著或者是躺著的狀態(tài)起來；站起
I will arise and go now.
我現(xiàn)在要起身走了。
rise (1) go up; get higher上升；升高
The river is rising after the rain.
雨后河水在上漲。
Her voice rose higher and higher with excitement.
她激動得聲音越來越高。
(2) to stand up from lying, kneeling, or sitting從躺、跪或坐的狀態(tài)站立起來：起身
She rose to greet her guests.
她站起來迎接客人。
(3) (of price, amount, temperature, etc) to increase, get higher
Tea/ The price of tea has risen by 5 pence/ has risen to 30 pence.
茶的價格上漲了五個便士/上漲到三十便士。
18. fellow
n.[C]
1.) 【口】男人;家伙;人
A fellow must eat.
人總得吃飯。
2.) 伙伴;同事
They are my fellows at school.
他們是我的同學(xué)。
adj.
同伴的;同事的;同類的
He recalled his fellow traveller with pleasure.
他愉快地回憶起他的旅伴。
19. criminal
adj.
1.) 犯罪的,犯法的
Robbery is a criminal act.
搶劫是犯罪行為。
2.) 刑事上的
Scotland has its own criminal law.
蘇格蘭有它自己的刑法。
n.
罪犯[C]
20. transform
vt.[(+into)]
1.) 使改變;使改觀;將...改成
The Greggs have transformed their garage into a guest house.
格雷格一家把他們的車庫改成了客房。
2.) 改造;改革;改善
The situation has been greatly transformed.
形勢已經(jīng)大大好轉(zhuǎn)。
3.) 使變換
A generator transforms mechanical energy into electricity.
發(fā)電機(jī)將機(jī)械能變成電。
21. differ
vi.
1.) 不同,相異[(+from)]
Our tastes differ from each other.
我們的嗜好不同。
2.) 意見不同[(+with sb. about/ on/ over )]
He differed with his brother about/ on / over a political question.
他和他的兄弟在一個政治問題上見解有分歧。
That's where we differ.
那是我們有分歧的地方。
22. procedure
n.
1.) 程序;手續(xù);步驟[U][C]
The chairman was quite familiar with the procedure for conducting a meeting.
主席對開會的程序很熟悉。
The next procedure is as follows.
下一個步驟如下。
2.) 常規(guī);傳統(tǒng)的做法[C][U]
The first step in the procedure for making a kite is to build the frame.
制作風(fēng)箏的第一步是做骨架。
23. growth
n.
1.) 生長,成長;發(fā)育[U]
Exercise and good food are important to the proper growth of a child.
運(yùn)動和營養(yǎng)好的食物對孩子的正常發(fā)育十分重要。
2.) 增長;增大;發(fā)展[U][sing.]
The rate of overall industrial growth was above eight percent.
工業(yè)總增長率超過百分之八。
3.) 種植,栽[U]
These are fruits of my own growth.
這些是我自己栽培的水果。
4.) 生長物;產(chǎn)物[C][sing.]
A thick growth of weeds covered the yard.
庭院長滿濃密的野草。
24. merely
adv.
只是,僅僅,不過
That was merely a guess of mine.
那只是我的一種猜測。
25. promote
vt.
1.) 使(學(xué)生)升級; 晉升[(+to)]
Pupils who pass the test will be promoted to the next higher grade.
通過考試的學(xué)生將升到高一個年級去。
2.) 促進(jìn);發(fā)揚(yáng);引起
The Prime Minister's visit will promote the cooperation between the two countries.
首相的訪問將促進(jìn)兩國間的合作。
3.) 【美】宣傳,推銷(商品等)
Your job is to promote the new product.
你的工作是促銷這一新產(chǎn)品。
26. appoint
vt.
1.) 任命,指派 [(+as/to)]
They appointed him (to be) manager.
他們?nèi)蚊麨榻?jīng)理。
He appointed Williams as his deputy in the city of York.
他任命威廉斯作為他在約克市的代理人。
2.) 約定,指定;安排
Our visitors arrived at the appointed time.
我們的來賓在約定的時間到達(dá)了。
27. calculate
vt.
1.) 計(jì)算[+(that)]；估計(jì);預(yù)測;推測[+(that)]
I calculated that we would arrive at 6:00pm.
按我的計(jì)算，我們可以在下午六點(diǎn)正到達(dá)。
He calculated the costs very carefully.
他仔細(xì)計(jì)算開支。
2.)計(jì)劃,打算;使適合(某種目的) [+to-v]
His remark was calculated to hurt her.
他的話是故意要傷她的。
3.) 【美】【口】以為,認(rèn)為[+(that)]
I calculate that they will soon arrive.
我看他們快要到了。
vi.
計(jì)算
Have you finished calculating yet?
你計(jì)算好了嗎?
28. reward
n.
1.) 報答;報償;獎賞;報應(yīng)[U][C]
It is unfair that he gets very little in reward for his hard work.
他工作很辛苦,報酬卻很少,這不公平。
2.) 酬金;賞金;獎品[C][(+for)]
A large reward is offered for the capture of the criminals.
有人提供巨額懸賞捉拿這些罪犯。
vt.
1.) 報答,報償;酬謝;獎勵[(+with/for)]
They rewarded him for his great help with a gift of money.
他們獎給他一筆錢以酬謝他鼎立相助。
2.) 報應(yīng);懲罰(壞人或壞事)[(+for)]
He will sooner or later be rewarded for his wicked conduct.
他的惡行遲早會受到報應(yīng)。
29. latter
adj.
1.) 后面的;后半的;末了的
This latter point was of great importance.
后面這點(diǎn)極為重要。
2.) (兩者中)后者的
Here are Tom and David; the latter is my brother.
這是湯姆和戴維;后者是我的兄弟。
3.) 最近的;現(xiàn)今的
His health has been deteriorating in these latter years.
最近幾年他的健康越來越差。
later/late/lately
later 與latter 音同，但意思不一樣。它是late的比較級。
late 表示“遲（遲于正常安排的或是期待的時間），晚（指一段時間的末尾或者晚上較晚的時間）”
He always arrived home late.
他經(jīng)常很晚才回家。
My grandfather likes to stay late.
我祖父喜歡晚睡。
The young tree was planted late in the planting season.
這株小樹是在植樹季節(jié)末期栽的。
lately 表示“最近，近來”，多用于疑問句和否定句，或用于as lately as ，only lately的結(jié)構(gòu)中。
Have you been to the cinema lately?
你近來看過電影嗎？
We haven’t been there lately.
我們最近沒到那里去過。
I saw her as lately as last Sunday.
我上星期天還見過她。
It is only lately that he has been well enough to go out.
他的身體康復(fù)能夠外出還是最近的事。
late 還有一些習(xí)慣表達(dá)法：
later on將來，后來/ sooner or later遲早/ at (the) latest至遲/ of late近來
30. distinguish
vt.
1.) 區(qū)別;識別[(+from)]
He can distinguish a genuine antique from a reproduction.
他能區(qū)別真正的古董與復(fù)制品。
2.) (憑感覺器官)辨認(rèn)出
I can distinguish my roommates by their footsteps.
我能根據(jù)室友的腳步聲辨認(rèn)出他們。
3.) 使杰出;使顯出特色
She distinguished herself as a black lawyer.
她成了一位杰出的黑人律師。
vi.
區(qū)別;識別;辨別[(+between)]
It is certainly important to distinguish between right and wrong.
明辨是非當(dāng)然要緊。
基礎(chǔ)知識
SB3A Units5-8
一 . 知識菜單
( 一 ) 常用單詞
1. convey brand consideration charge broadcast post react accuse associate figure policy spokesman spokeswoman target nowadays nephew attach quit survival biscuit alcohol goat flour nail bedding beyond ox salty pond burden desperate beast accustomed thirst starvation anxiety shallow tax anniversary granddaughter flu throat relief deliver Arctic tough quilt packet ray bark sculpture retell powder standard conscience frost handwriting overcoat anyway god admit clap partner abundant warmth taxpayer occupy constant welfare clerk composer novelist shadow ambition noble indeed goose selfish choir motivation dictation correction alphabet stick acquire awful instruct data academic comprehension anxious secure adopt pile PLA tyre overweight operation level association postcode
2. advertise/ advertiser/ advertisement
3. loss/ lose/ lost
4. blame vt/ n
5. annoy/ annoying/annoyance
6. appeal/ appeal to
7. frequent/ frequently/ often/ always
8. salesman/saleswoman/salesgirl
9. profit n/ v
10. campaign n/ vi
11. illegal/ legal
12. waiter/waitress/ host/ hostess
13. bridegroom/ bride/groom
14. point out/ point to/ point at
15. discount n. /vt./ adj.
16. circumstance/ surroundings / environment
17. assessment/ assess
18. frontier/ front
19. memory/memorial
20. bacteria(pl.)/ bacterium
21. wage/ salary/ income
22. foolish/ fool/ stupid/ silly
23. firm n./ adj./ adv.
24. translator/ translate/ translation
25. interpreter/ interpret/ interpretation
26. everyday/ every day
27. patience/ patient
28. junior/ senior
29. appropriate/ proper/ fit/ suitable
常用詞組
1. take…into consideration
2. in charge (of)/ in the charge of/in control of/ in the control of
3. hand in hand/ arm in arm/ shoulder to shoulder/ side by side
4. get across
5. keep an eye out for sb/ sth
6. make sense (of)
7. apply…to/apply for
8. add up/ add up to/ add to/ add…to
9. lose heart
10. take it easy
11. keep up
12. common sense
13. leave behind
14. lose one’s way
15.come to an end /put an end to
16. tie up
17. go for
18. care for/ care about
19. leave alone/ let alone
20. be in want of/ want
21. badly off
22. close up
23. have an eye on/ for
24. as follows
25. of late/ recently
26. make progress
27. in other words/ in words/ in word
28. take risks/ take a risk
29. experiment with/ on
30. piles of/ piles and piles of
32. knock down/ knock over/ knock off
33. fall behind/catch up with/ keep up with
( 二 )重點(diǎn)語法:1. Review the Object Complement
2. Review the Attribute
3. Review the Adverbial
4. Review the Subjunctive Mood (1)
二. 疑難點(diǎn)撥
1. convey
vt.
1.) 運(yùn)送,搬運(yùn),轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)[(+from/to)]
Passengers are conveyed by bus to the air terminal.
用公共汽車載送旅客前往航空站。
2.) 傳播(聲音等)
A wire conveys an electric current.
電線傳導(dǎo)電流。
3.) 傳達(dá),傳遞,表達(dá)[(+to)][+(that)]
I found it hard to convey my feelings to you in words.
我覺得難以用言語向你表達(dá)我的感情。
4.) 轉(zhuǎn)讓(財產(chǎn)等)[(+to)]
The old farmer conveyed his farm to his son.
老農(nóng)夫?qū)⑵滢r(nóng)場轉(zhuǎn)讓給兒子。
2. advertise
vt.
1.) 為...做廣告;為...宣傳
If you want to sell your product you must advertise it.
如果你要推銷自己的產(chǎn)品,你就必須做廣告。
2.) 公布;通知
He advertised them of his decision to withdraw from the election.
他告知他們自己要退出選舉的決定。
vi.
做(登)廣告,作宣傳[(+for)]
The company is advertising for typists in the newspapers.
那家公司在報紙上登廣告征聘打字員。
3. blame
vt.
1.) 責(zé)備,指責(zé)[(+on/for)]
He blamed you for the neglect of duty.
他責(zé)備你玩忽職守。
I don't blame you; I blame myself.
我不怪你;怪我自己。
2.) 把...歸咎(于);歸因于[(+on/onto)]
Don’t blame the failure on him, but on me.
別把失敗歸咎于他，該怪我。
n.[U]
1.） 責(zé)備,指責(zé)[(+for)]
I am ready to take the blame for the mistake.
我準(zhǔn)備承擔(dān)這一錯誤的責(zé)任。
2.） 責(zé)任[(+for)]
The judge put/ laid the blame for the accident on the driver of the car.
法官把事故歸咎于小轎車司機(jī)。
4. react
vi.
1.) 作出反應(yīng),反應(yīng)[(+to)]
How did she react to the news?
她對這個消息反應(yīng)如何?
2.) 影響,起作用[(+on/upon)]
The two react upon each other.
這兩者互相影響。
3.) 抗拒,反抗[(+against)]
Children tend to react against their parents by going against their wishes.
孩子們通常以違背父母的意愿來反抗他們。
4.) 起反作用,回過來起作用[(+on/upon)]
Unkindness often reacts on the unkind person.
惡人往往有惡報。
5.) 【化】起化學(xué)作用;【物】反應(yīng)[(+with/on)]
How do acids react on metals?
酸對金屬會起怎樣的化學(xué)反應(yīng)?
An acid can react with a base to form a salt.
酸和堿反應(yīng)會產(chǎn)生鹽。
5. annoy
vt.
1.) 惹惱,使生氣;使煩惱[(+by/at/with)]
His mother was annoyed with him for being so rude to their neighbors.
他母親因?yàn)樗麑︵従尤绱舜直o禮而生他的氣。
I was annoyed by what those men did.
那些人干的事使我生氣。
2.) 打攪,困擾
These flies are annoying me.
這些蒼蠅一直在打攪我。
vi.
令人討厭(或不快)
6. accuse
vt.
1.) 指控,控告[(+of)]
She accused him of stealing her watch.
她控告他偷她的表。
He accused his boss of having broken his word.
他指責(zé)老板不守信。
He was accused of murder.
有人指控他謀殺。
2.) 指責(zé),把...歸咎(于)
Man often accuses nature for his own misfortunes.
人類常把自己的不幸歸咎于天。
7. associate
vt.
1.) 聯(lián)想,把...聯(lián)想在一起[+with]
They associate turkey with Thanksgiving.
他們把火雞和感恩節(jié)聯(lián)系在一起。
2.) 使聯(lián)合,使結(jié)合[+with];使有聯(lián)系 [+with]
I didn't want to be associated with it at all.
我根本不想與這事有牽連。
vi.
結(jié)交,交往[+with]
He associates with all sorts of people.
他與各種各樣的人交往。
Never associate with bad companions.
千萬不要與壞人為伍。
8. get across
傳播，使...被理解
I couldn't get my point across in the debate.
在辯論中我無法清楚地表明自己的觀點(diǎn)。
He found it difficult to get his idea across to them.
他發(fā)現(xiàn)他難以使他們了解他的想法。
9. appeal
vi.
1.) 呼吁,懇求[(+to/for)][+to-v]
He appealed to me for help.
他向我求援。
He appealed to his friends for support.
他請求朋友支持。
The govern is appealing to everyone to save water.
政府呼吁人人節(jié)約用水。
2. )訴諸,求助[(+to)]
We will appeal to a great variety of sources of information.
我們將求助于多種資料來源。
3.) 有吸引力,迎合愛好 [(+to)]
The idea appealed to Mary.
這主意正合瑪麗的心意。
4.) 【律】上訴[(+to/against)]
He appealed against the five-year sentence he had been given.
他對被判五年徒刑提出上訴。
vt.
【美】將...上訴,對...上訴
He appealed his case to a higher court.
他向上一級法院申訴。
n.
1. 呼吁,請求[C][U][(+to/for)]
He made one last appeal to his father to forgive him.
他最后一次懇求父親寬恕他。
2. 吸引力,感染力[U]
These subjects have lost their appeal for most students.
對多數(shù)學(xué)生來說,這些學(xué)科已經(jīng)失去了吸引力。
10. figure
n.[C]
1.) 外形;體形;人影
I saw a figure in the darkness.
我看到暗處有一個人影。
2.) 體態(tài);風(fēng)姿
She has an attractive figure.
她有迷人的曲線。
She has a slender figure.
她身材苗條。
3.) 人物;名人
He has become a figure known to everyone.
他已成了一個知名人物。
4.) 數(shù)字
Where did you get those figures?
你從哪兒得到那些數(shù)字的?
5.) 數(shù)量;金額;價格
His work now commands huge figures.
他的作品現(xiàn)在值大價錢。
6.) 圖表;圖解;插圖
Our textbook has many figures to help explain the lessons.
我們的教科書有許多圖表幫助解釋課文。
7.) 畫像;塑像
vt.
1.) 計(jì)算
Please help me to figure out my income tax.
請幫我算一下我的所得稅。
2.) 認(rèn)為,以為;估計(jì) [+(that)];料到
How do you figure that?
你如何料到的?
I figure that you'd want your coffee.
我想你要喝咖啡了。
11. discount
n.[C][U]
折扣;打折扣
We give a special discount of 10 per cent for cash.
如用現(xiàn)金購買,我們給予九折優(yōu)待。
vt.
1.) 將...打折扣;將商品打去...折扣
That store discounts all its slow-selling goods.
那家商店削價出售所有滯銷貨。
2.) 不全相信;懷疑地看待
You must discount much of what he says.
他說的好些話,你必須打個折扣聽。
vi.
打折扣出售商品
Many stores do not discount at all.
許多商店出售商品一概不打折扣。
12. make sense
有意義;有道理；講得通
This sentence doesn't make sense.
這句子毫無意義。
It makes sense to take care of your health.
好好照顧自己是有道理的。
13. quit
vt.
1.) 離開;退出
He quitted Paris after a week.
他一周后離開了巴黎。
2.) 放棄[+v-ing]
He has quit smoking.
他已戒了煙。
3.) 解除,免除[(+of)]
She finally quit herself of fear.
她終于消除了恐懼。
4.) 【美】停止[+v-ing]
Quit muttering!
別嘀咕!
vi.
1.) 離開;遷出
If he doesn't pay his rent, he will receive notice to quit.
如果他不付房租,他將被通知搬出去。
2.) 停止
It's almost 5 o'clock; time to quit.
都快五點(diǎn)鐘了;該下班了。
14. apply
vt.
1.) 應(yīng)用;實(shí)施[(+to)]
Scientific discoveries are often applied to industrial production methods.
科學(xué)上的發(fā)現(xiàn)常應(yīng)用在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)發(fā)法上。
2.) 使起作用;使適用 [(+to)]
This rule can not be applied to every case.
這條規(guī)則并不是在每種情況下都能適用的。
3.) (后常接oneself)使致力(于),使專心從事[(+to)]
He applied himself to learning French.
他致力于學(xué)習(xí)法語。
vi.
1.) 申請,請求[(+for/to)]
He has applied for a post in England.
他已申請?jiān)谟┞殹?/p>
2.) 起作用;適用 [(+to)]
This rule applies to freshmen only.
此項(xiàng)規(guī)定僅適用于大學(xué)一年級學(xué)生。
15. burden
n.[C]
重負(fù),重?fù)?dān);負(fù)擔(dān),沉重的責(zé)任
The old man bent with a heavy burden on his back.
老人因背著重負(fù)而彎腰。
vt.
1.) 加重壓于,加負(fù)擔(dān)于,煩擾[(+with)]
The government burdened the nation with heavy taxes.
政府使國民負(fù)擔(dān)重稅。
2.) 加負(fù)荷于,使載重[(+with)]
He was burdened with a large bundle of magazines.
他吃力地捧著一大捆雜志。
16. desperate
adj.
1.) 情急拼命的,鋌而走險的
A desperate man will stop at nothing to get what he wants.
一個亡命之徒為了達(dá)到自己的目的什么事都做得出來。
2.) 危急的;絕望的
He was desperate when he lost all his money.
當(dāng)他丟了所有的錢時,他絕望了。
3.) 極度渴望的[F][(+for)][+to-v]
He was desperate for work to provide for a large family.
他渴望有個工作,掙錢供養(yǎng)子女眾多的家。
17. deliver
vt.
1.) 投遞;傳送;運(yùn)送[(+to)]
He delivered the goods to our office in Manchester.
他把貨物送到我們在曼徹斯特的辦事處。
The mailman delivered the letters promptly.
那個郵差準(zhǔn)時地投遞信件。
2.) 發(fā)表;講;宣布
He delivered an important report at the meeting.
他在會上作了重要報告。
3.) 給...接生;生(嬰兒)
She delivered twins in the evening.
晚上她生了一對雙胞胎。
4.) 解救;解脫;釋放[(+from)]
Education delivered him from ignorance.
教育把他從無知中解救出來。
vi.
1.) 投遞;送貨;傳送
That big store will deliver if you want them to.
那家大商店可以按你的要求送貨上門。
2.) 履行,實(shí)現(xiàn)[(+on)]
I am certain that he will deliver on his promise.
我確信他會履行諾言。
18. care for
1.) 喜歡like，一般用于疑問句和否定句
Would you care for a drink?
你想來點(diǎn)喝的嗎?
I don’t care for Paris.
我不喜歡巴黎。
2.) 照料 look after
Who will care for the house while the family is away?
全家人都不在時,由誰照料這間房子呢?
3.) 計(jì)較,在意
He doesn't care for what he eats.
他對吃的東西并不計(jì)較。
care about
1) 喜歡
Do you care about/ for mountain-climbing?
你喜歡爬山嗎？
2）在乎，介意，關(guān)心，To care about something is to think it is important. 常用于否定句，如果跟從句，about一般省略。
I don’t care about your opinion
你的意見我不在乎。
I don’t care who you are.
我不管你是睡。
He doesn’t care much about what happens to me.
他不太關(guān)心我所發(fā)生的事。
19. anyway
adv.
1.) 【口】無論如何,不管怎樣,至少,反正
That wasn't my fault, anyway.
反正那不是我的過錯。
It may rain, but we shall go anyway.
也許會下雨,可我們無論如何要去。
2.) 不論以何種方式,不論從何種角度
You can do the job anyway you want.
這工作你想怎么干都行。
3.) 隨便地,草率地
He dumped the tools in the box just anyway.
他把工具隨隨便便往箱子里一扔。
20. admit
vt.
1.) 承認(rèn)[+v-ing][+(that)]
We have to admit that he's a highly competent man.
我們必須承認(rèn)他是個非常能干的人。
I admitted breaking the window.
我承認(rèn)打破了窗子。
You must admit the task to be difficult.
你得承認(rèn)這個任務(wù)是艱巨的。
2.) 準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)入;準(zhǔn)許...進(jìn)入(或加入)[(+into/to)]
No one but ticket-holders was admitted to the cinema.
只有持票者方可進(jìn)入電影院。
3.) 容許;可容納
The theater admits 1000 people.
這劇院可容納一千人。
vi.
1.) 承認(rèn)[(+to)]
I must admit to feeling ashamed of my conduct.
我得承認(rèn)因自己的行為而感到羞慚。
2.) 容許,有余地[(+of)]
This matter admits of no delay.
這事不容耽擱。
21. occupy
vt.
1.) 占領(lǐng),占據(jù)
The enemy soon occupied the town.
敵人很快占領(lǐng)了這個城鎮(zhèn)。
2.) 占(時間,空間);占用;住
Reading occupies most of my free time.
閱讀占去了我空閑時間的大部分。
The bathroom is occupied.
浴室有人在用。
3.) (常與oneself連用或作被動式)使忙碌,使從事[(+in/with)]
This game will keep the children occupied.
這個游戲讓孩子有得忙了。
She is occupied in writing a novel.
她忙于寫小說。
He occupied himself with various research projects.
他終日從事各種研究計(jì)劃。
22. stick
n.
1.) 枝條;柴枝[C]
2.) 棍,棒,杖;手杖[C]
Grandpa still walks without a stick.
爺爺走路仍不拄拐杖。
vt.
1.) 刺;戮;刺死
stick a pig 宰豬
2.) 釘住;插牢
stick a butterfly釘制蝴蝶標(biāo)本
3.) 粘貼;張貼
They stuck the notice on the wall.
他們把通知貼在墻上。
4.) 伸,伸出
Don't stick your head out of the train window.
不要把頭伸出火車窗外面。
5.) 使停止;阻塞
The ship has been stuck here for a week by bad weather.
由于天氣惡劣，船只被阻在此已經(jīng)一周。
vi.
1.) 粘住;釘住
This stamp won't stick.
這張郵票貼不上。
2.) 陷住;梗塞;被困住
A fish-bone stuck in his throat.
他喉嚨里卡了一根魚刺。
23. instruct
vt.
1.) 指示,命令,吩咐
He instructed me to deliver it to a customer.
他吩咐我把東西送去給顧客。
2.) 教授;訓(xùn)練;指導(dǎo)[(+in)]
My job is to instruct her in English.
我的工作是教她英語。
3.) 通知,告知
My agent has instructed me that you still owe me $150.
我的代理人告訴我你還欠我一百五十美元。
24. anxious
adj.
1.) 焦慮的,掛念的[(+about/at/for)]
I'm anxious about her safety.
我對她的安全擔(dān)心。
He was anxious for the safety of his family.
他擔(dān)心家人的安全。
2.) 令人焦慮的
The week of the flood was an anxious time for all of us.
鬧水災(zāi)的那一星期是使我們大家都焦慮不安的日子。
3.) 渴望的 [(+for)][+to-v][+that]
We're anxious for your safe return.
我們盼望你平安歸來。
We were anxious that there be no misunderstanding.
我們極愿沒有誤解。
I could see that she was anxious for Laura to go.
我看得出她巴望勞拉去。
I'm really anxious to see him.
我急于見他。
25. secure
adj.
1.) 安全的,無危險的[(+from/against)]
Now my house is secure against burglary.
現(xiàn)在我的房子無被盜竊之危險。
2.) 安心的,無憂慮的
You have made me feel secure.
你使我覺得放心。
3.) 有把握的,確定無疑的
Our success is secure.
我們的成功是有把握的。
26. adopt
vt.
1.) 采取;采納;吸收
After much deliberation, the president decided to adopt her suggestion.
總經(jīng)理再三考慮之后,決定采納她的建議。
2.) 過繼,收養(yǎng)[(+as)]
Mr. Kern adopted the orphan as his own son.
克恩先生將那孤兒收養(yǎng)為自己的兒子。
3.) 正式通過,接受
The agenda was adopted after some discussion.
經(jīng)過討論,議事日程獲得通過。
27. level
n.
1.) 水平線;水平面[C]
The village is 1,000 meters above sea level.
這村子海拔一千米。
2.) 高,高度[C][U]
The flood rose to a level of 50 feet.
洪水漲到五十英尺高。
3.) (文化等的)水平,程度,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[C][U]
These students have not reached an advanced level yet.
這些學(xué)生尚未達(dá)到高級班的程度。
4.) 級別;地位[C]
They are holding a conference at ministerial level.
他們正在舉行部長級會議。
28. association
n.
1.) 協(xié)會,公會,社團(tuán)[C]
Have you joined the teachers' association?
你加入教師協(xié)會了嗎?
2.) 聯(lián)合,結(jié)合;交往[U][(+with)]
I benefited much from my association with him.
我跟他的交往中獲益匪淺。
3.) 聯(lián)想,聯(lián)想物[C][U]
What association do you have with the color green?
綠色會使你產(chǎn)生什么聯(lián)想?
基礎(chǔ)知識
SB3A Units9-12
一 . 知識菜單
( 一 ) 常用單詞
1. abuse insurance income clinic fundamental fee tailor significance bench sink jar lid garbage prince penny grocery bakery weep furnish shabby mailbox bell rag rare garment worn carpet barbershop haircut booklet mutton stove pale prayer comb tortoise flash simplify criterion comrade colleague staff temporary coach compromise shortcoming regulation violent resign ambitious actual definite congratulate smooth combination shame hands-on oral strict commitment absent expand distribute corporation donate curriculum ministry worldwide aspect alongside housewife obtain evident restriction schedule presentation
2. hopeless/ hopeful/ hope
3. allowance/ allow
4. pressure/ press
5. consult/ consulter
6. chemist/ chemistry/ chemical
7. nationwide/ nation/ national
8. unfortunate / unfortunately/ fortunate
9. incident/ accident
10. devotion/ devote/ devoted
11. outcome/ income
12. baggage/ luggage
13. approve/ approval/ disapprove/ disapproval
14. anyhow/ somehow
15. summary/ summarize
16. percentage/ percent
17. suspect vt./ n.
18. uncertain/ uncertainty/ certain/ sure
19. expectation/ expect
20. division/ divide/ separate/ separation
21. excite/ exiting/ exited
22. finance n./ vt.
23. bride/ groom/ bridegroom
24. decline vi./vt./n.
25. load/ workload
26. profession/ professor
27. recorder/ record
28. select/ elect/ choose/ pick out
29. suit/ fit/ match
常用詞組
1. lay off
2. make matters worse
3. get rid of
4. make ends meet
5. attend to
6. take pride in/ be proud of
7. do up/ dress up/ make up
8. let down
9. fix sth. on/ upon sb.
10. at length
11. stick with/ stick to
12. through thick and then
13. pull out of
14. carter to
15. in reality/ in fact
16. keep an/ one’s eye on
17. take … into account
18. as a whole
19. once again/ once more
20. live up to
21. to begin with/ to start with
22. drop out (of)
23. result in/ result from
(二)重點(diǎn)語法: 1. Review the Subjunctive Mood (2)
2. Review all the verb tenses
3. Integrative language practice
二. 疑難點(diǎn)撥
1. insurance
n.
1.) 保險;保險契約[U] 保險業(yè)[U]
I found a job selling insurance.
我找到一份推銷保險的工作。
She works in insurance.
她從事保險業(yè)。
2.) 保險金額;賠償金;保險費(fèi)[U][(+on)]
The insurance on my house is very high.
我的房屋保險費(fèi)很高。
He has $100,000 life insurance, which his wife will receive if he dies first.
他有十萬美元的人壽保險,如果他先去世,他的妻子將得到這筆錢。
3.) 預(yù)防措施;安全保證[U][sing.][(+against)]
I bought some new locks as an additional insurance against theft.
我買了新鎖具以進(jìn)一步防止盜竊。
2. allowance
n.
1.) 津貼,補(bǔ)貼;零用錢[C]
The child has a weekly allowance of five dollars.
這孩子每星期有五元零用錢。
2.) 分配額;允許額[C]
His allowance for food is $100.
他撥出一百美元用于購買食物。
3.) 承認(rèn);允許[U]
the allowance of a claim
對要求權(quán)的允準(zhǔn)
4.) 折扣[C]
If you pay cash now I will give you an allowance of 10% off the price.
如果你現(xiàn)在付現(xiàn)款，我可以給你打九折。
3. pressure
n.
1.) 壓;按;擠;榨[U]
The small box was flattened by the pressure of the heavy book on it.
小盒子被這本厚厚的書壓扁了。
2.) 壓力;壓迫;緊迫;催促[U][C]
He works well under pressure.
他在有壓力的情況下工作很出色。
3.) 困擾;艱難[U]
These old people are unaccustomed to the pressure of modern life.
這些老人不習(xí)慣現(xiàn)代生活的緊張壓力。
4. consult
vt.
1.) 與...商量
I'll do nothing without consulting you.
我采取行動之前一定和你商量。
2.) 找(醫(yī)生)看病;請教
He went to town to consult his doctor.
他進(jìn)城去看醫(yī)生。
3.) 查閱(詞典、參考書等)
He consulted his notebook repeatedly during his speech.
他講演時不斷看他的筆記本。
vi.
1.) 商議,磋商[(+with)]
We will consult with advisors about her education.
我們將和專家商議她的教育事宜。
2.) 當(dāng)顧問[(+for)]
The retired executive consults for several large companies.
那位退休的總裁在好幾家大公司當(dāng)顧問。
5. fee
n.
1.) (付給律師、醫(yī)生等的)酬金,服務(wù)費(fèi)[C]
I'm afraid I can't afford the doctor's fee.
恐怕我付不起看醫(yī)生的費(fèi)用。
2.) 費(fèi)(如學(xué)費(fèi)、會費(fèi)、入場費(fèi)等)[C]
They charge a small registration fee.
他們收一點(diǎn)注冊費(fèi)。
3.) 賞金,小帳[C]
vt.
付費(fèi)(或小帳)給
She feed the waiter.
她付給侍者小費(fèi)。
6. devotion
n.
1.) 獻(xiàn)身;奉獻(xiàn)[U][(+to)]
We appreciated his devotion of time and money to the project.
我們感謝他為這一項(xiàng)目花費(fèi)的時間和金錢。
His devotion to science is well known.
他對科學(xué)的獻(xiàn)身精神為人熟知。
2.) 忠誠;摯愛,熱愛[U][(+to/for)]
devotion to music
熱愛音樂
7. outcome
n.
結(jié)果;結(jié)局;后果[sing.][(+of)]
She was satisfied with the outcome of her efforts.
她對自己努力的結(jié)果很滿意。
I think there can be but one outcome to this affair.
我認(rèn)為這件事只可能有一種結(jié)局。
8. attend to
1.) 注意;致力于
You should attend better to your studies.
你應(yīng)該更專心于學(xué)習(xí)。
2.) 關(guān)心;照料;護(hù)理
The nurse is attending to a sick man.
護(hù)士正在照料病人。
9. do up
1.) 修理
The room needs doing up.
這房子需要修繕。
2.) 使穿上
She was done up in her Sunday best.
她穿著節(jié)日盛裝。
3.) 使精疲力盡
He was done up after the long trip.
長途旅行后他精疲力盡。
10. approve
vt.
1.) 贊成,同意;贊許
The professor does not approve the government's foreign policy.
那位教授不贊成政府的外交政策。
2.) 批準(zhǔn);認(rèn)可
The meeting has now approved the plan.
會議已經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)了這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。
vi.
贊成;贊許 [(+of)]
I'm afraid your parents won't approve of your going there.
我擔(dān)心你父母不會贊成你到那兒去。
11. at length
1.) 最后,終于 at last
At length, we began to understand what she wanted.
最后,我們總算弄清楚她到底要什么。
2.) 詳細(xì)地 in detail
He talked at length about his work.
他詳細(xì)地談了他的工作。
12. flash
vt.
1.) 使閃光;使閃爍[(+at)]
Why is that driver flashing his lights at me?
那個司機(jī)為何用燈照我?
2.) (向...)閃現(xiàn)出[(+at)]
I flashed a warning glance at them.
我向他們投去警告性的一瞥。
3.) (火速地)發(fā)出(電報,電訊等);使迅速傳遍
The news was flashed around the world.
這一消息迅速傳遍世界各地。
vi.
1.) 閃光,閃爍
The stars flashed in the night sky.
夜空中群星閃爍。
2.) (想法等)掠過,閃現(xiàn)
A thought flashed through my mind.
我腦子里閃過一個想法。
3. 飛馳,掠過
A car flashed by.
一輛汽車疾馳而過。
n.
閃爍,閃光[C]
There was a flash of lightning a moment ago.
剛才有一道閃電。
13. suspect
vt.
1.) 疑有,察覺
The tiger suspected danger and ran away.
老虎意識到危險便逃跑了。
2.) 懷疑,不信任
We suspected their honesty.
我們不相信他們是誠實(shí)的。
3.) 懷疑(某人犯有過錯)[+of] [+(that)]
They suspect him of murder.
他們懷疑他殺了人。
The police suspected that Bill did it.
警察懷疑那件事是比爾干的。
4.) 猜想;料想 [+(that)]
I suspect that they'll come.
我想他們會來的。
n.
嫌疑犯;可疑分子[C]
The police have several suspects.
警方有幾名嫌疑犯。
adj.
可疑的;受到懷疑的;不可信的[(+of/to/with)]
His motives were suspect with others.
他的動機(jī)受到其他人的懷疑。
14. congratulate
vt.
1.) 祝賀;恭喜[(+on/upon)]
I congratulate you on your great discovery.
我祝賀你的偉大發(fā)現(xiàn)。
I want to congratulate you with all my heart.
我衷心地祝賀你。
2.) (后接oneself)自我慶幸[(+on)]
He congratulated himself on having survived the air-crash.
他慶幸自己在空難中幸免于死。
比較：congratulate sb. on/ upon sth.
celebrate sth.
15. finance
n.
1.) 財政;金融;財政學(xué)[U]
He got the position on the strength of his skill in finance.
他憑著自己的理財本領(lǐng)得到了這個職位。
Minster of Finance 財務(wù)部長 personal finance個人理財
2.) (對事業(yè)的)資金支援[U]
3.) 財源;資金;(國家的)歲入;財務(wù)情況[pl.]
The country's finances have improved.
這個國家財政狀況改善了。
vt.
供資金給;融資,為...籌措資金
Who will finance the project?
誰為這項(xiàng)工程提供資金?
vi.
籌措資金
We are financing for the housing project.
我們在為住宅計(jì)劃籌措資金。
financial adj. 財政的，金融的the financial condition財政狀況
16. load
n.[C]
1.) 裝載;擔(dān)子
The load on that beam is more than it will bear.
那根梁上的載重超過了它所能承受的量。
2.) (精神方面的)負(fù)擔(dān);重任
The good news has taken a load off my mind.
聽了這個好消息我就放心了。
3.) (車,船等的)裝載量;一車(或一船等)貨物
The truck was carrying a load of sand.
卡車裝運(yùn)一車沙子。
4.) 工作量
Measures have been taken to lighten the load of the hospital doctors.
業(yè)已采取措施減輕醫(yī)院醫(yī)生的負(fù)擔(dān)。
vt.
1.) 裝,裝載[(+with)]
The workers are loading the ship with coal.
工人正把煤裝上船。
2.) 把彈藥裝入(槍,炮);把膠卷裝入(照相機(jī))
Don't forget to load your camera.
別忘了給你的相機(jī)裝膠卷。
3.) 使擺滿;使充滿;使長滿 [(+with)]
The air was loaded with soot.
空氣充滿煤煙。
4.) 大量給予[(+with)]
His brothers and sisters loaded him with books.
他的哥哥姐姐送給他許多書。
vi.
1.) 裝貨[(+up)]
Have they finished loading up yet?
他們把貨物裝完了嗎?
2.) 上子彈
The soldiers loaded and fired.
士兵們裝上子彈便射擊。
17. drop out
1.) 脫離
Luckily, I dropped out before the deal turned sour.
很幸運(yùn)的,在交易變壞前我已退出了。
One of my teeth has dropped out.
我的一只牙齒掉了。
2.) 退出;退學(xué)
She dropped out of school to become a waitress.
她退學(xué)去當(dāng)女招待。
18. expand
vt.
1.) 展開,張開(帆,翅等)
The eagle expanded its wings.
老鷹展開翅膀。
2.) 使膨脹;使擴(kuò)張
3.) 擴(kuò)大;擴(kuò)充;發(fā)展
He is thinking of expanding his business.
他正考慮擴(kuò)展他的生意。
4.) 詳述
They have expanded my view on the question.
他們已更充分地闡明了我對這個問題的觀點(diǎn)。
vi.
1.) 展開,張開
2.) 擴(kuò)張;發(fā)展;增長
In ten years the city's population expanded by 12%.
十年之中,該城人口增加了百分之十二。
3.) 膨脹
Water expands when it freezes.
水結(jié)冰時體積膨脹。
A tire expands when you pump air into it.
輪胎打了氣就會脹大。
4.) 詳細(xì)說明[(+on/upon)]
19. distribute
vt.
1.) 分發(fā);分配[(+to/among)]
They had distributed the lands among the peasants.
他們把土地分給農(nóng)民。
2.) 散布,分布[(+over)]
This species of butterfly is widely distributed over our country.
這種蝴蝶在我國分布很廣。
3.) 分,分開[(+into)]
The teacher distributed the pupils into three groups.
老師把學(xué)生分成三組。
20. donate
vt.
捐獻(xiàn),捐贈[(+to)]
She donated her books to the library.
她把自己的書捐贈給圖書館。
donate blood獻(xiàn)血
vi.
捐獻(xiàn),捐贈[(+to/towards)]
My husband donates to that group every year.
我丈夫每年都捐錢給那個組織。
donation n.[(+to)]
1.) 捐獻(xiàn),捐贈[U][C]
She made a donation of $5,000 to the Children's Hospital.
她捐了五千美元給兒童醫(yī)院。
2.) 捐款;捐贈物[C]
21. profession
n.
1.) (尤指受過良好教育或?qū)ｉT訓(xùn)練者,如律師、醫(yī)生、教師的)職業(yè)，專業(yè)[C]
She intends to make teaching her profession.
她打算以教書為業(yè)。
2.) 同業(yè),同行[sing.]
The teaching profession claim that they are badly paid.
教師同行們聲稱待遇太差。
He is a leading member of the medical profession.
他是醫(yī)療業(yè)中首屈一指的醫(yī)生。
3.) 聲明;表白[C][(+of)]
She did not believe in his professions of love.
她不相信他的愛情表白是真的。
比較：career
n.
1.) (終身的) 職業(yè)，事業(yè)[C]
He wasn't interested in her stage career.
他對她的演戲職業(yè)不感興趣。
2.) 經(jīng)歷;生涯;歷程[C]
He found it both interesting and instructive to learn about the careers of great men.
他覺得了解偉人的生平既很有趣又有教益。
比較：occupation
n.
1.) 工作,職業(yè)[C]
What is your father’s occupation?
你父親的職業(yè)是什么？
2.) 消遣;日常事務(wù)[C][U]
He was bored for lack of occupation.
他因無所事事而感到厭煩。
3.) 占領(lǐng),占據(jù);占領(lǐng)時期[U]
The Japanese occupation of Taiwan lasted fifty-one years.
日本占領(lǐng)臺灣達(dá)五十一年之久。
4.) 占用;居住;占用(或居住)期
No one is yet in occupation of the house.
這所房子還沒有人住進(jìn)去。
所以，在三個表示職業(yè)的詞中，profession n.(尤指受過良好教育或?qū)ｉT訓(xùn)練者,如律師、醫(yī)生、教師的)職業(yè)，專業(yè)，[C]；career n. (終身的)職業(yè)，事業(yè)[C]；occupation n.職業(yè)，工作 [C]，是一種泛指。
22. obtain
vt.
得到,獲得
He failed to obtain a scholarship.
他沒有獲得獎學(xué)金。
They obtained a loan from the government.
他們從政府那里得到一筆貸款。
vi.
得到公認(rèn);通用;流行;存在
Those conditions no longer obtain.
那些情形已不存在。
The custom still obtains in some areas.
某些地區(qū)仍保留著這一習(xí)俗。
gain
vt.
1.) 得到; 獲得, 贏得 (戰(zhàn)爭、訴訟等有用、需要之物)
Our army gained the battle.
我們的軍隊(duì)贏得了那場戰(zhàn)役。
He gained possession of more land.
他擁有了更多的土地。
2.) 獲得（利益、利潤等）
I gained $3 by selling it for more than I paid for it.
我可以賤買貴賣獲利3 美元。
3.) 增加,增添
I gained five pounds in a week.
我一個星期體重增加了五磅。
obtain 和gain兩個詞在表示“獲得”時，有下面的區(qū)別：
To obtain means to get esp. by making some effort;
To gain means to get or obtain something useful, necessary, wanted, etc esp. over a length of time and as an addition to what one has
23. select
vt.
選擇,挑選,選拔[(+for/from)]
He selected a team for the special task.
他為這項(xiàng)特殊任務(wù)挑選了一組人馬。
Mr. Reed has been selected to represent us on the committee.
里德先生代表我們已被選入委員會。
vi.
做出選擇,挑選
adj.
1.) 挑選出來的;精選的
A select group of their friends was invited to the wedding.
他們的經(jīng)過挑選的一群朋友應(yīng)邀參加婚禮。
2.) 上等的,優(yōu)等的,卓越的
She only stays at select hotels.
她只住一流旅館。
select/elect/ choose的區(qū)別
choose指在兩個或多個中選擇其一，可與from或between連用；select通常是指同類事物中選擇最好或最合適的；elect 則指通過選舉選出。
Will you help me choose myself a new coat?
請你幫我選一件新外套，好嗎？
If you had to choose (between) staying here alone or going with me, what would you do?
是一個人呆在這里，還是同我一起去，如果你必須對此做出選擇，你會怎么做呢？
He selected a pair of socks to match his suit.
他挑選了一雙與他所穿的衣服相配的短襪。
They elected Nixon as President.
他們選舉尼克松為總統(tǒng)。
choose和 elect 都有“決定”的意思，只是elect 比choose 正式，并常常指有關(guān)將來的重大的大決定。在結(jié)構(gòu)上，choose 之后還可有that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。
He chose not to go home until later.
他決定晚些時再回家。
He chose that we should stay.
他決定說，我們得留下來。
He elected to be a doctor.
他決定將來當(dāng)一名醫(yī)生。
24. suit
n.
(一套)衣服[C]
I picked out a black suit.
我挑了一套黑色西裝。
vt. suit
1.) 適合,中...的意
Would Friday morning suit you?
星期五早上對你合適嗎?
The arrangement suited us both.
這個安排對我們兩人都合適。
2.) (不用被動式) 與...相配,與...相稱
This dress suits you beautifully.
這件衣服你穿非常合適。
3.) 使合適; 使適應(yīng) [(+to)]
Her speech was well suited to the occasion.
她的講話在這個場合十分得體。
vi.
1.) 合適,適當(dāng)
Will that time suit?
這時間合適嗎?
2.) 相稱; 彼此協(xié)調(diào) [(+to/with)]
The position suits with his abilities.
這個職位與他的能力相稱。
比較：fit作動詞的用法
vt.
1.） (衣服)合...身;與...相稱
This dress doesn't fit me.
這件衣服不適合我穿。
2.） 適合于;使適合 [(+for)]
Her training fits her for the job.
她所受的訓(xùn)練使她能勝任這項(xiàng)工作。
We must fit the action to the word.
我們必須言行一致。
3.） 安裝
Can you fit the electric fire for me?
你能替我裝上電爐嗎?
vi.
1.） (衣服)合身;適合
Does this shirt fit?
這件襯衫合身嗎?
2.） 符合;配合
基礎(chǔ)知識
SB3A Units13-16
一 . 知識菜單
( 一 ) 常用單詞
1. reception considerate cigar splendid coincidence tension elegant prescription drawer theft religious enquiry assistance vital guilty convince assume cancel meanwhile remark innocent commit straightforward humorous ant bee transparent dot apparent sideways precise adequate clarify fetch upward disgusting psychology adaptation camel primitive missile session annual acknowledge elder eyesight beneficial communist eager timetable starve adjustment jeans uniform casual shopkeeper recent whereas possess barber typist receptionist greengrocer astronaut adore vacant outstanding assess salary flexible occupation instant nevertheless shortly drawback applicant accommodation addition qualification modest arithmetic paperwork draft
2. astonish/ astonished/ astonishing/ astonishment
3. stain vt./ n.
4. surrounding/ surround/ surrounded
5. troop vi./ n.
6. semicircle/ circle
7. maximum/ minimum
8. changeable/ change/ changing/ changed
9. breathless/ breath/ breathe
10. weekly/ daily/ monthly/ yearly
11. satisfaction/ satisfy/ satisfied/ satisfying/ satisfactory
12. worthwhile/ worth/ worthy
13. mature adj./ vt./ vi.
14. chef/ cook/cooker
15. accountant/ account
16. adviser/ advise/ advice
17. personnel/ person
常用詞組
1. get hold of
2. tell…apart/ tell…between…and
3. over and over again/ again and again
4. come to light
5. as a matter of fact/ in fact/ actually
6. straight away
7. fit in(with)
8. due to/ thanks to / owing to/ because of
9. in many respects
10.keep/ get in touch with
11. up to date/ out of date
12. hold back
13. send off
( 二 ) 重點(diǎn)語法: Integrative language practice
二. 疑難點(diǎn)撥
1. astonish
vt.
使吃驚,使驚訝
We were astonished at the news of her sudden death.
她突然去世的消息使我們震驚。
He gave her an astonished look.
他驚異地看了她一眼。
比較：amaze
vt.
使大為驚奇,使驚愕,使驚嘆
I was amazed at/by your performance.
你的演出使我贊嘆不已。
Your knowledge amazes me.
你的學(xué)識使我驚嘆不已。
2. guilty
adj.
1.) 有罪的,犯...罪的[(+of)]
be guilty of a crime 犯了罪
He was found guilty.
他被判有罪。
2.) 有過失的[(+of)]
The manager was guilty of an important misjudgment.
經(jīng)理犯了一個重大的判斷錯誤。
3.) 自知有過錯的,內(nèi)疚的
I felt guilty after breaking my promise.
我違背諾言后感到內(nèi)疚。
3. stain
vt.
1.) 沾污,污染[(+with)]
His teeth are stained with years of smoking.
他的牙齒因長年吸煙而變黃了。
Blood stained the blanket.
血沾污了毯子。
2.) 玷污,敗壞
His crimes stained the family honor.
他的罪行玷污了家庭的名譽(yù)。
3.) 給(木材,玻璃等)染色,給...著色
She stained the table brown.
她將桌子涂成了棕色。
vi.
變臟;被沾污
His character is without stain.
他的人品純潔無瑕。
These carpets won't stain easily.
這些地毯不易弄臟。
n.
污點(diǎn),污跡,瑕疵[C]
He's got an ink stain on his shirt.
他襯衫上有塊墨漬。
4. convince
vt.
使確信,使信服;說服[(+of)]
He convinced me of his innocence.
他使我相信他是無辜的。
I was convinced that he knew the truth.
我確信他知道事實(shí)。
5. cancel
vt.
1.) 刪去,劃掉;勾銷,蓋銷(郵票等)
You should cancel this preposition in the sentence.
你應(yīng)該刪去句子中的這個介詞。
2.) 取消,廢除;中止
The game was cancelled because of the rain.
比賽因?yàn)橄掠甓∠恕?/p>
vi.
1.) 互相抵消
The $5 I owed him and the $5 he owes me cancel out.
他與我各欠對方五元,正好相互抵消。
2.) 取消;中止
n.[C]
刪除;取消;撤銷
6. meanwhile
n.
其時,其間[the sing.]
In the meanwhile I'll visit an old friend of mine.
在這期間我將去拜訪我的一位老朋友。
adv.
其間;同時
Mother went shopping; meanwhile, I cleaned the house.
母親去買東西;我打掃屋子。
7. innocent
adj.
1.) 無罪的,清白的[(+of)]
He was pronounced innocent of the charge.
他被宣告無罪。
2.) 無害的
The butterfly is an innocent insect.
蝴蝶是一種無害的昆蟲。
3.) 天真的,單純的;幼稚的;頭腦簡單的,愚鈍的
Don't be so innocent as to believe everything he says.
不要這么天真,竟相信他所說的一切。
8. commit
vt.
1.) 犯(罪),做(錯事等)
I committed an error in handling the business.
我在處理這一業(yè)務(wù)時犯了一個錯誤。
2.) 使承擔(dān)義務(wù);使作出保證;使表態(tài)[(+to)]
He didn't commit himself to anything.
他沒有作任何承諾。
3.) 把...交托給;把...提交給;把...付諸[(+to)]
The child was committed to the nurse's care.
孩子被交給護(hù)士照顧。
4.) 把...押交;把...判處[(+to)]
The judge committed him to ten years' imprisonment.
法官判處他十年徒刑。
9. get hold of
抓住，找到
How soon can you get hold of that young man?
你多快可以找到那個年輕人？
類似的詞組：catch/ seize hold of抓住 lay hold of/on = take hold of握住，控制住
10. tell…apart
分辨
Can you tell the twin sisters apart?
你分得清這兩個孿生姐妹嗎?
11. surrounding
n.
環(huán)境;周圍的事物[pl.]
He didn't pay much attention to his surroundings.
他沒有多注意他周圍的環(huán)境。
adj.
周圍的;附近的
Foxes started coming in from the surrounding countryside.
狐貍開始從附近的鄉(xiāng)下跑進(jìn)來。
12. troop
n.[C]
1.) 軍隊(duì),部隊(duì)[pl.]
The enemy troops withdrew.
敵軍撤退了。
2.) 一群;大量,許多[(+of)]
The old man was surrounded by a troop of children.
老人被一群孩子圍住了。
A troop of children rushed in and chased each other noisily.
一群小孩沖進(jìn)來,喧鬧地彼此追逐。
vi.
1.) 群集,集合[(+up/together)]
2.) 成群結(jié)隊(duì)地走
They all trooped into the meeting.
他們都成群結(jié)隊(duì)前去參加會議。
13. come to light
暴露,真相大白
The puzzled thing came to light when the politician was seen with the lady.
當(dāng)有人看到那位政客跟那位女士在一起時, 那件讓人不解的事就真相大白了。
A political scandal has recently come to light.
最近一樁政治丑聞暴露出來。
14. fetch（雙向）
vt.
1.) (去)拿來;去拿...給
Fetch your supper yourself, Robert.
羅伯特,你自己去拿晚餐吧。
2.) 去請...來,接...去
Yes, I've come to fetch you.
是的,我來接你。
比較：carry, bring和take
carry（沒有方向）
vt.
1.) (用手、肩等)挑,抱,背,提,扛,搬,運(yùn)送,運(yùn)載;搬運(yùn)
David went in, carrying his suitcase.
戴維提著手提箱走了進(jìn)去。
We carried the boxes into the room.
我們將箱子搬進(jìn)室內(nèi)。
The city subways carry hundreds of thousands of passengers a day.
市內(nèi)的地鐵每天運(yùn)載數(shù)十萬乘客。
2.) 攜帶,佩帶
I never carry much money with me.
我身上從來不帶太多的錢。
bring (從別的地方把人或物帶到說話人說在的地方)
vt.
帶來,拿來
The waitress brought us a pitcher of lemonade.
服務(wù)員小姐給我們送來一壺檸檬水。
Please don't forget to bring your grammar books next time.
下次請別忘記帶你們的語法書來。
take (與bring方向相反)
vt.
1.) 拿走,取走;奪取,占領(lǐng)
Don’t forget to take your bag with you.
別忘了把你的書包隨身帶走。
The airport had been taken by daybreak.
天亮前機(jī)場就被攻占了。
2.) 帶去;帶領(lǐng)
Dad took us to the museum last Friday.
上星期五爸爸帶我們?nèi)ゲ┪镳^。
15. changeable
adj.
1.) 易變的;不定的
His temper's been changeable this week, so don't annoy him.
這星期他脾氣變化無常,所以不要惹他生氣。
2.) 可改變的,可能被改變的
3.) 閃光的;閃色的
changeable silk
閃光絲綢
-able 常附在動詞或名詞的后面構(gòu)成形容詞，表示“可…..的”，“能……的”。以able 為后綴的單詞常見的還有：eatable, suitable, bearable, saleable, washable, loveable, debatable, breakable
16. weekly/ daily/ monthly/ yearly既是形容詞又是副詞，還可以是名詞。
大多數(shù)以結(jié)尾的詞是副詞，但部分是形容詞，主要有：
brotherly, sisterly, motherly, manly, womanly, kingly, queenly，lonely, lovely, unseemly, friendly kindly, gentlemanly
17. satisfaction
n.
1.) 滿意,滿足;稱心[U][(+with/at)]
He smiled in satisfaction when he won the race.
他贏得賽跑后滿意地笑了。
2.) 快事,樂事;愉快[C][sing.]
Playing tennis is one of his greatest satisfactions.
打網(wǎng)球是他最大的樂趣之一。
比較：satisfactory / satisfied (adj.)
satisfactory差強(qiáng)人意的;符合要求的;良好的 （指對事物的滿意狀態(tài)，不用來指人）
Of all the pens he tried, only one was satisfactory.
在他所試的筆中,只有一支是令人滿意的。
Your son’s work is satisfactory, but he could do better.
你兒子的工作做得不錯，但他還能作得更好。
satisfied感到滿意的; 令人滿意的; 滿足的
He had a satisfied expression on his face.
他臉上露出滿意的神情。
Most of the people were completely satisfied with the result.
大多數(shù)人對結(jié)果都非常滿意。
18. eager
adj.
1.) 熱心的,熱切的
He looked around the circle of eager faces.
他看了看四周熱切的臉龐。
2.) 渴望的,急切的 [(+for)][+to-v][+(that)]
She is eager for success.
她渴望成功。
Maggie was eager to visit me.
麥琪急于來看我。
The committee is eager that all the workers should come on time.
委員們熱切希望所有的工人按時上班。
比較：anxious
adj.
1.) 焦慮的,掛念的[(+about/at/for)]
I'm anxious about her safety.
我對她的安全擔(dān)心。
2. )令人焦慮的
The week of the flood was an anxious time for all of us.
鬧水災(zāi)的那一星期是使我們大家都焦慮不安的日子。
3.) 渴望的 [(+for)][+to-v][+that]
We're anxious for your safe return.
我們盼望你平安歸來。
We were anxious that there be no misunderstanding.
我們極愿沒有誤解。
I could see that she was anxious for Laura to go.
我看得出她巴望勞拉去。
I'm really anxious to see him.
我急于見他。
19. worthwhile
adj.
1.) 值得花費(fèi)時間(或金錢)的,值得做的
It proved worthwhile to make the trip.
此行證明是值得的。
2.) 有真實(shí)價值的
You'd better spend your time on some worthwhile reading.
你最好把時間花在讀一些有價值的書上。
比較：worth 和worthy
worth可以用作名詞和介詞。作名詞時，為不可數(shù)名詞，表示“價值”或“（值某價額的）數(shù)量”。
Give me five yuan’s worth of twenty-fen and fifty-fen stamps.
給我五元的兩角和五角的郵票。
He bought two dollars’ worth of sugar.
他買了二元錢的糖。
The furniture is of little worth.
這些家具沒有什么價值。
worth 作介詞時，只能用作表語，與be 連用，其后常跟錢數(shù)或相當(dāng)于錢數(shù)的詞，表示 “值多少錢”；跟v-ing 形式表示“值得（做）……主動形式表被動。
It is worth much more than I paid for it.
它的價值遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過我所付的錢。
She’s not worth getting angry with. = It is not worth getting angry with her. （It作形式主語）
犯不上跟她生氣。
The picture is worth looking at. = It is worth looking at the picture. （It作形式主語）
這幅畫值得一看。
worth 前面的表示程度的修飾語一般用well ，不用very。
The story is well worth listening to.
這故事很值得一聽。
worthy
adj.
1.) 有價值的;可尊敬的;相稱的
She is willing to donate money to a worthy cause.
她愿為高尚的事業(yè)捐款。
2.) 值得的,配得上的,足以...的 [(+of + n. )][+to-v] [(+of + being done)]
The cause is worthy of our continued support.
這一事業(yè)值得我們繼續(xù)不斷的支持。
She is worthy to receive such honor. (主動形式)
她應(yīng)該得到此榮譽(yù)。
She is worthy to be chosen. (被動形式)
她值得當(dāng)選。
This novel is worthy of being translated.
這部小說值得翻譯。
worth和 worthy 在表示“值得”這一意思時，其句型結(jié)構(gòu)可以互相轉(zhuǎn)換。
You are worth praising.
You are worthy of praise.
You are worthy to be praised.
You are worthy of being praised.
你值得表揚(yáng)。
20. starve
vi.
1.) 餓死;挨餓
The explorers starved to death in the desert.
探險者們在沙漠中餓死了。
2.) 【口】餓得慌
Let's get something to eat; I'm starving.
我們吃點(diǎn)東西吧;我餓壞了。
3.) 渴望;極需要[(+for)]
The plants are starving for water.
這些植物極需要水。
21. fit in (with)
1.） 適合
fit in with the need of…適合……的需要
2.） 與...一致;使與...一致
fit in with other employees與其他雇員配合
22. mature
adj.
1.) 成熟的;釀熟的;成年人的
This is the most mature of his plays.
這是他最成熟的一部劇作。
She has the figure of a mature woman.
她有成年女性的體型。
2.) 穩(wěn)重的;慎重的,周到的
Can't you behave in a mature way?
你的舉止不能穩(wěn)重一點(diǎn)嗎?
vi.
變成熟;長成;釀成
Wine and judgement mature with age.
酒陳味香,人老識深。
vt.
1.) 使成熟;使長成
Her responsibilities matured her at an early age.
她肩負(fù)的責(zé)任使她早熟。
2.) 慎重作出;使完善
He matured his plans for the long trip.
他為這次長途旅行仔細(xì)地作了計(jì)劃。
23. casual
adj.
1.) 偶然的,碰巧的
My car had stalled and I sought help from casual passers-by.
我的車發(fā)動不起來了,我就向碰巧路過的人求助。
2.) 隨便的,漫不經(jīng)心的
He tried to appear casual.
他試圖顯得隨便一點(diǎn)。
3.) 臨時的,不定期的
He worked as a casual laborer and did not earn much.
他當(dāng)臨時工,沒有賺多少錢。
24. adore
vt
1.) 崇拜,崇敬;敬重
People adore him for his noble character.
人們因他人格高貴而敬重他。
2.) 愛慕,熱愛
We adore our sisters and brothers.
我們愛自己的兄弟姐妹。
3.) 【口】極喜歡[+v-ing]
She adores going to the theater.
她就是愛看戲。
I adore chocolate.
我非常喜歡巧克力。
25. personnel
n.[G]
1. )(總稱)人員,員工
All personnel of the company are eligible for the retirement plan.
公司所有員工都有資格參加這項(xiàng)退休計(jì)劃。
2. )人事部門; 人事科(或室等)[U]
Please contact the personnel director for benefit information.
有關(guān)福利方面的情況請與人事課長聯(lián)系。
26. send off
寄出；發(fā)出；派遣；解雇；給……送行
You fill in both parts of the form, then send it off.
你把表格的兩部分都填好,然后寄出。
和send 有關(guān)的常見詞組：send away 發(fā)送掉；解雇 send back 退還，送還
send for 派人去請；召喚 send forth發(fā)出；放出（光、熱等）
send out 發(fā)送出，派遣；放出，散發(fā)出 send up發(fā)射；長出
send的用法：
1) send sb. sth.= send sth. to sb.把某物送給或寄給某人，可以主語派人送，也可以親自送
Did they send any message by you?
他們托你給我捎了什么信兒了嗎？
Can you send me the bill before the end of the month?
你能在月底以前把帳單給我送來嗎？
2) send for sb./ sth. 派人去叫某人，派人去拿某物
Now please send for a taxi.
現(xiàn)在請派人叫出租車來。
Please keep these things until I send for them.
請?zhí)嫖冶９苓@些東西，等我派人來取。
3) send sb./ sth. to運(yùn)輸某人/某物去（某處），派某人去某地
They send their product to Beijing for sale.
他們把產(chǎn)品運(yùn)往北京銷售。
We will send him to America for further study.
我們要送他去美國深造。
4) send sb. to do 派某人去做（某事）
We’ll send someone to fetch it.
我們將派人去取。
They will send him to work in the countryside.
他們將派他去農(nóng)村工作。
5) send sb. doing 使某人做某事(cause sb. to do)
Mind how you go---- you nearly sent me flying.
小心點(diǎn)，你差點(diǎn)把我撞倒。
They killed 38 enemies and sent the rest fleeing.
他們打死38個敵人，其余的都逃竄了。
責(zé)任編輯：李芳芳