第十一章 定語從句
定語從句是在句中起形容詞作用的句子，通常修飾它前面的名詞或代詞。
高考重點要求：
1、 限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句區別和結構特點。
2、 關系代詞who, which, that, whose，whom引導定語從句時的使用特點。
3、 關系副詞when, where, why 引導定語從句時的使用特點。
4、 as引導定語從句的使用。
第一節 知識點概述
定語從句在句中起定語作用，修飾某一名詞或代詞。定語從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞，定語從句放在先行詞后面。引導定語從句的關系代詞，指人的有who、whom、that、whose，指物的有which、that、whose。
定語從句分為兩類：限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句是主句中的先行詞不可缺少的定語，不可用逗號分開。非限制性定語從句只對主句中的先行詞作附加說明，關系不密切，主句與從句之間用逗號分開，不能用that連接。例如：
I have a sister who works in a bank.
限制性定語從句（我有一個在銀行工作的姐姐。）
I have a sister, who works in a bank.
非限制性定語從句（我有一個姐姐，在銀行工作。）
關系代詞whose在定語從句中作定語.例如:
Edison is a great inventor(whose)fame is world-wide.
關系代詞that和which都可以指物，但先行詞為不定代詞以及先行詞被序數詞或最高級形容詞修飾時用that。
引導定語從句的關系副詞有when、where、why。例如:
The day (when)I helped the old man out was a very happy one for me.
The reason(why)the gamblers lose in the end is that they are dishonest.
關系副詞的先行詞總是表示時間、地點或理由的名詞。
As引導的定語從句
(1)as用作關系代詞和關系副詞引導限制性定語從句,并在從句中作定語、表語或狀語,構成the same…as,such…as等結構。例如:
I like the same book as you do.
I want to do it in the same way as you did.
(2)as引導非限制性定語從句.as在定語從句中作主語,表語或賓語,這個定語從句說明整個句子,它可以放在主句之前。例如:
As is known to all, he is the best student in our class.
第二節 實戰演練
一、復習時需注意的要點
1、關系代詞在從句中作主語時,從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數必須和先行詞保持一致.
2、關系代詞whom, which, that 在限制性定語從句中作動詞賓語或介詞賓語,而該介詞又位于從句末尾時,經常省略,但as一般不省略.
3、關系代詞which在非限制性定語從句中不能放在句首,as既能在句首也能在句中.
4、that在定語從句中可以指人或物,在從句中作主語或謂語動詞的賓語.但不能放在介詞后面作介詞賓語。
例如：The letter that I received was from my father.
5、先行詞是不定代詞:all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等，只能用that。
例如：That’s all (that)I want to say.
6、先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級所修飾，只能用that。
例如：This is the most exciting film (that) I have ever seen.
7、先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last 修飾時，只能用that。
例如：He is the only person that attended the meeting.
8、先行詞表示地點時,有時用where,有時用that, which來引導定語從句.這時要根據從句的謂語動詞是及物還是不及物，是及物的就用that(which)，否則用 where。
例如：This is the factory where we worked last year.
This is the factory that (which)we visited.
二、歷屆高考試題分析
例1、If a shop has chairs ____ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
答案為D
【解析】 關系副詞where 連接定語從句，其中where= in/ on which。
例2、We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places, ________ other visitors seldom go.
A. what B. which C. where D. when
答案為C。
【解析】 這是一個定語從句，先行詞是places，表示地點，非限定性定語從句中缺少狀語，因此用where來引導定語從句，故要填where。這句話的意思是我們被帶領著參觀了這座城市的學校、博物館和其他一些游人很少去的地方。
例3、Alec asked the policeman _______ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.
A. with him B. who C. with whom D. whom
答案為C。
【解析】 這是一個定語從句，the policeman是先行詞。work是不及物動詞，“work with sb.”意為“與某人共事”，所以定語從句應為with whom he worked。這句話的意思是無論何時發生事故時，Alec要求與他一起工作的警察與他聯系。
例4、Is this the reason _______at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A. he explained B. what he explained
C. how he explained D. why he explained
答案為A。
【解析】 the reason后接定語從句。因為先行詞the reason作explained的賓語，用that或which引導定語從句在從句中作賓語時省略。這句話的意思是這就是他在會議上對他為什么在工作上粗心大意的理由所作的解釋嗎?
例5、The film brought the hours back to me _____ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.
A. until B. that C. when D. where
答案為C。
【解析】 when引導定語從句(the hours的定語)，修飾先行詞the hours,when在從句中作狀語。這句話的意思是這部電影使我回憶起我在那偏遠的村莊得到無微不至的照顧的時光。
例6、Have you seen the film “Titanic”, ________leading actor is world-famous?
A. its B. it's C. whose D. which
答案選C。
【解析】 這是一個定語從句，因為先行詞the film “Titanic”和leading actors是所屬關系，所以要填寫whose。
例7、Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, ________ was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose
答案為B。
【解析】 這是一個非限制性定語從句。根據句意可知之中的是花瓶的價格。在定語從句中表示“誰的”，可以這樣表達，如：I live in the room whose windows face south(名詞前沒有冠詞，用whose)=I live in the room the windows of which face south(如果名詞前有冠詞就用of which)。
例8、Carol said the work would be done by October, ________personally I doubt very much.
A. it B. that C. when D. which
答案選D。
【解析】 在這個非限制性定語從句中，關系代詞which代替Carol所說的話。這句話的意思是“Carol說工作將在十月完成，我個人對此表示懷疑。”
例9、It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, _____ for the first time in years their team won World Cup.
A. that B. while C. which D. when
答案為D。
【解析】 從從句的意思：“這是他們多年來第一次贏得世界杯，”可推知，從句是對表示時間的先行詞加以說明，先行詞是主句中表示時間的名詞an exciting moment this year，而非整個句子，故選D。
例10、John said he’d been working in the office for an hour, _____ was true.
A. he B. this C. which D. who
答案為C。
【解析】 該非限制性定語從句缺少主語，A、B兩項不能用作關系代詞，D項只能指代人，而該從句需要關系代詞指代主句所說的事實用which。
第三節 鞏固練習
Direction: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer that completes the sentence.
1. The English play _____ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.
A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which
2. _____ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
A. Which B. When C. What D. As
3. Everything he ____ away from him before he returned to his hometown.
A. took B. had been taken C. had had been taken D. had taken
4. Was _____ Bill _____ played basketball very well _____ helped the blind man across the street?
A. this…who…who B. which…that…that C. that…that…who D. it…who…that
5. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _____ the sailing time was 226 days.
A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which
6. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _____ of course, made the others envy him.
A. who B. that C. what D. which
7. It is easy to do the repair. _____ you need is a hammer and some nails.
A. Something B. All C. Both D. Everything
8. The person we spoke to ____ no answer at first．
A．making B．makes C．make D．made
9. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year , 80% _____ are sold abroad .
A．of which B．which of C．of them D．of that
10. There were dirty marks on her trousers _____ she had wiped her hands.
A. where B. which C. when D. that
11. George Orwell, _____ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.
A. the real name B. what his real name C. his real name D. whose real name
12. American women usually identify their best friend as someone _____ they can talk frequently.
A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom
13. A fast food restaurant is the place _____, just as the name suggests, eating is performed quickly.
A. which B. where C. there D. what
14. ______break the law will be punished.
A. Anyone B. One C. Those who D. No matter who
15. Will you please show me the girl ______name is Lee.
A. her B. who’s C. whose D. which
16. It was raining again , ______is very bad for our drops.
A. it B. that C. what D. which
17. The world ______is made up of matter.
A. in that we live B. on which we live
C. where we live in D. we live in
18. Hay ______too much moisture will spoil.
A. contains B. that containing C. that contains D. which to contain
19. Caves and hollow trees are not the only places ______.
A. where are found bats B. where bats are found in
C. where bats are found D. in which bats to find
20. Now we can fly to Tokyo .There was a time ______ we had to take a boat.
A. how B. what C. why D. when
21. This is the very car ______ yesterday.
A. which was stolen B. that was stolen
C. to have been stolen D. Having been stolen
22. The man ______had little information.
A. I spoke of B. of who I spoke C. I spoke of whom D. whom I spoke
23. The reason ______ he gives for not coming is that his mother won’t let him.
A. for which B. which C. why D. about which
24. This steel pipe has the same diameter _____ that plastic one has.
A. of which B. which C. such as D. as
25. I don’t like ______ you speak to you parents.
A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which
26. The boy ______leg was broken when he fell off the bike was sent to the nearest hospital right away.
A. which B. who’s C. of whom D. whose
27. This is ______ I want to say .
A. all what B. that C. all D. all which
28. The students should be encouraged to read such books ______ good for them informing good habits.
A. that are B. as they are C. as are D. that they are
29. Supermarkets ______people buy nearly everything continue to appear in China .
A. that B. from which C. from where D. which
30. The train ______she was traveling was late .
A. which B. where C. on which D. in that
31. Most of the classmates wanted to know the way ______he learns new course.
A. which B. in which C. by which D. about which
32. The room was full of students , ten of ______are from foreign countries.
A. them B. who C. whom D. which
33. He has many habits, ______ are harmful.
A. some if them B. which of some C. of which few D. few of whose
34. The furniture _____ I ordered was sent to the wrong address.
A. in which B. where C. when D. which
35. Thirty people were sent to the hospital after accident, _____ children.
A. many of them were B. many of them
C. many of whom were D. many whom were
36. This is the school _____ my little brother studied years ago.
A. which B. that C. when D. in which
37. Nearby were two boats _____ they had come to the island.
A. where B. by which C. in which D. with which
38. What’s that _____ was flashed in the sky just now?
A. which B. that C. who D. as
39. Who is the man _____was standing at the door ?
A. who B. which C. that D. as
40. Although violent , tornadoes are small storms ______paths aren’t usually more than a quarter of a mile in width.
A. what B. where C. that D. whose
41. They have started an investigation, _______are being kept secret.
A. the details of which B. which details C. the details D. the details of that
42. I was stuck by the limited use _______ their natural resources.
A. the Indians made of B. which the Indians made
C. for the Indians to make of D. for the Indians making of
43. The architect’s task is to design buildings ______ are functional and beautiful.
A. where B. which C. in that D. with which
44. The speed ______ light travels is said to be the maximum in the universe.
A. in which B. by which C. from which D. with which
45. Why do you blame me for everything _____ goes wrong.
A. that B. when C. where D. who
46. Ann bought a dress ______ didn’t fit her, so she took ______ back to the shop ______ she bought it.
A. which…that …. that B. that…which…where
C. which…it… where D. where…it…that
47. Yesterday we visited the City Museum, ______ I’d never been to before.
A. which B. where C. that D. what
48. A lot of people applied for the job _______ was advertised, ______had the necessary qualifications.
A. once…who B. where….most of who
C. that … few of which D. which…few of whom
49. We can see now in a very general way the method ______the computer works.
A. in which B. by which C. with which D. on which
50. Are these glasses ______?
A. which you wish will be repaired B. the ones you wish to have repaired
C. the one you wish to repair D. that you wish to be repaired
責任編輯：李芳芳