一、單元考點提示
1.詞匯
yard,horse-drawn,sign,film-maker,strict,button,castle,garage, beard, imagine, in t he hope of, take along, bring on, lose heart, day after day, used to, pick up, go through,go straight ahead,be well-known as an artist, be pleased with, have no idea, in this way smoker,packet, chance, public, club, cigarette, typewriter, nation, habit, therefore drug, smelly, share,give up, persuade sb. to do sth., go ahead, ask sb.for permission, at present,millions of, be caused by, sales of tobacco, fall asleep, catch fire,burn down, one third of, a packet of cigarettes, one third of/a third of, persuade sb.to do sth., die from, be reduced by, compared with, remain in business, encourage sb. to do sth., give up, be used to, get sb. into the habit of, call for.
2.句型
(1)Excuse me. Can you tell me the way to…?
(2)Excuse me. How can I get to …→
(3)Go through the gate and you’ll…
(4)Excuse me, please. Where’s the…?
(5)Do you mind if I do…?
(6)Would you mind if I did…?
(7)Do(would)you mind(one/one’s)doing…?
(8)I wonder if I can/could do…
3.語法
1.學(xué)習(xí)名詞性從句作賓語的用法
2.名詞性從句作表語
5.交際用語
(1)Go straight ahead till you see…
(2)It’s about…yards/metres down this street.
(3)Excuse me. How can I get to …?
(4)Excuse me, please. Where’s the nearest men’s room?
(5)Do you mind if I do…?
(6)I’m sorry, but it’s not allowed.
(7)Would you mind if I did…?No. Go ahead.
(8)I wonder if I could use your phone. Sure, go ahead.
二、考點精析與拓展
1.take 短語歸納
take along 帶著，帶在身邊；take one’s place 坐某人的座位，代替某人的職位；take medicine 吃藥；take steps采取步驟；take measures采取措施；take advice 接受建議；take a taxi坐出租車；take a look at 看；take a bath/walk/rest/trip洗澡/散步/休息/旅行；take away拿走; take down拿下，記錄下；take back 帶回，收回（話）；take off脫下（衣、鞋、帽），（飛機）起飛；take out取出；take place 發(fā)生；take the place of代替，取代；take up 開始，拿起;take a deep breath深呼吸；take one’s temperature量體溫；take a photo照像;take a photograph of給……拍照；take one’(a)seat 坐下，坐好；take aim at 瞄準(zhǔn)；take charge of 負責(zé)（管理某事或照顧某人）；take…for把……誤當(dāng)作；take hold of 抓��；take interest對……發(fā)生興趣；take it easy別緊張，別過累；take notes作筆記；take notice of 注意；take office就職；take a new look on呈現(xiàn)新面貌；take on workers 雇傭工人；take part in參加（活動）；take pride in 為……而驕傲；take the lead帶頭；take trouble費勁（力）；take the side of 支持某人（方）；take a day off某一天休假，不工作；take one’s time從容行事，慢慢來；take turns輪流。
[應(yīng)用]完成句子。
①你為什么不帶你媽媽參加音樂會呢？
Why don’t you ________ _______ your mother__________to the
concert?
②墻上的地圖太舊了，取下來吧。
The map on the wall is to old. _________ _________ ________.
③對不起，我收回我剛才的話。
Sorry. I _______ _______ what I said just now.
④我把他當(dāng)成我弟弟了。
I ________him _________ my younger brother.
Key:①take,along
②Take, it ,down
③take, back
④took,for
2.sign
1)用作名詞：traffic signs交通標(biāo)志；road signs 路標(biāo)；
signs for the rest rooms廁所標(biāo)志：signs of heart trouble 心臟病的跡象，signs of rain/earthquake下雨/地震的預(yù)兆。
2）用作動詞，表示“簽名，作手勢”。如：sign one’s name簽名；sign the agreement 簽署協(xié)議；sign to sb.朝某人做手勢；sign to sb.to do sth.做手勢讓某人干某事。
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①董事長在文件上簽了名。
The president_______ ______ ______to the paper.
②警察做手勢叫我停下。
The policeman ________ ________ ________ _______.
Key:①singed,his,name
②singed,me,to,stop
3.ahead短語歸納
go ahead朝前走，請便（同意對方繼續(xù)干或同意對方的請求）；go ahead (on)with… 繼續(xù)；ahead of在……前面，早于，優(yōu)先；ahead of time提前
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①他朝前走去看看發(fā)生了什么事情。
He ________ ________ to see what had happened.
②我可以坐這個座位嗎？請坐吧。
May I take this seat?________ _______.
③湯姆的數(shù)學(xué)比瑪麗好。
Tom is ________ _______ Mary in maths.
④她比我早到2個小時。
She arrived two hours _______ _______me.
⑤他們已提前三周完成了設(shè)計。
They have completed the design ________ _______ ________ _______time.
Key:①went,ahead ②Go,ahead
③/ ④ahead,of
⑤three,weeks,ahead,of
4.祈使句+and+陳述句
1）這種結(jié)構(gòu)可以替換成“條件句+陳述句”。如：
Work hard,and you’ll be successful in time./If you work hard,you will be successful in time.
只要你努力，一定會成功。
注意：祈使句后and可替換成then.
2）祈使句+or+否定陳述句=否定條件句+否定陳述句。如：
Get ready or you won’t pass the test./ If you don’t get ready,you won’t pass the test.
做好準(zhǔn)備，要不你小測驗不會及格的。
注意：祈使句后的or可替換成otherwise.
[應(yīng)用]單句改錯
①Be active,you will have the chance.
②If you have a good rest,and you will be all right.
Key:①you 前加and 或then ②去掉and
1.問路及答語
1）問：①Excuse me,can you tell me the way to the post office?
勞駕，你能告訴我去郵局的路嗎？
②How can I get to the hospital?
我怎樣才能到醫(yī)院呢？
③Which is the way to the market?
哪條路是通往市場的呢？
④Where is the nearest men’s room?
最近的廁所在哪里？
2）答語：
Go straight ahead till you see…一直朝前走，直到看見……./ Go through the gate and you’ll find…等過大門你就會看到……。/It’s about…metres down the street. 沿這條街走……米就是。/It’s …yards from here.它離這兒有……碼？/Take this street round to the right of…順著這條街繞到……的右邊。
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①怎么去電影院？直接朝前走你就會看到的。
_________ is the way to the cinema _______ _______ _______and you’ll find it.
②去火車站怎么走？
________ can I ________ _______ the railway station?
Key:①Which,Go,straight,ahead
②How,get, to
6.只能接動名詞作賓語的詞
1）動詞：admit,advise,consider,delay,enjoy,excuse,escape, finish,forbid,imagine,keep,mind,miss, practise,suggest, unders-
tand
2)詞組:insist on, think of, give up, dream of, hear of,depend on,feel like,devote to, be used to,can’t help,prevent… from,look forward to, put off, be worth
[應(yīng)用]選擇正確答案
①The squirrel was lucky that it just missed ________.
A.catching B.to be caught
C.being caught D.to catch
②Only one of these books is _________.
A.worth to read B.worth being read
C.worth of reading D.worth reading
③I really enjoy ________ that kind of job.
A.do B.doing C.to do D.to be doing
④“What are you going to do this morning?”
“I’m thinking of _______ to visit my aunt.”
A.go B.going
C.having gone D.my going
Key:①C ②D ③B ④B
7.只能接不定式作賓語的動詞
下列動詞只能接不定式作賓語，不能接動名詞：
agree,ask,choose, decide, demand,expect, hope,learn,long, ma-
nage,offer,plan,promise, pretend, refuse,wish,set out, determine,
would love.
[應(yīng)用]選擇正確答案
①We agree _______ here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
(MET’95)
A.having met B.meeting
C.to meet D.to have met
②She pretended __________ me when I passed by.(MET’89)
A.not to see B.not seeing
C.to not see D.having not seen
③Little Jim should love ______ to the theatre this even-
ing.(met’92)
A.to be taken B.to take
C.being taken D.taking
Key:①C ②A ③A
8.in the hope of
該短語表示“期待，抱有……的希望”，后接名詞、代詞或動名詞，可替換成：in the hope that 從句或hoping to…。對比:
They got up very early in the hope of catching the first bus.
他們起得很早，希望能趕上頭班車。
注意：have the hope of…/There be hope of…有希望
對比：She has the hope of success.
她有成功的希望。
There is still hope of persuading him to change his mind.
還有希望說服他改變主意。
[應(yīng)用]一句多譯：
他到那里去，希望買一些新鮮魚。
He went there in the hope of buying some fresh fish./He
Went there in the hope that he could buy some fresh fish./He went there hoping to buy some fresh fish.
9.imagine
1)接名詞、代詞：You can’t imagine the life on the island.你無法想象島上的生活。
2）接動名詞：She never imagined her going abroad for further education.她從沒設(shè)想過會出國深造。
3）接從句：You can’t imagine how worried I was those days.你想象不到那幾天我是多么焦慮啊。
4）接復(fù)合賓語：The boy imagined himself to be a hero. 這男孩把自己想象成了英雄。
[應(yīng)用] 選擇正確答案
I can hardly imagine Peter ______across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.(MET’91)
A.sail B.to sail C.sailing D.to have sailed
Key:C
10.“at+名詞”表示“在進行，從事”
at work 在工作；at table在吃飯；at play 在做游戲；at sea 出海；at university/college在上學(xué);at night school在上夜校；at dinner/table在吃飯；at peace處于和平狀態(tài)；at war在交戰(zhàn)，在打仗
[應(yīng)用]完成句子。
①別人在工作，不要吵鬧。
Don’t make any noise while others are ______ ________.
②孩子們在游戲，而他們的父母正在吃飯。
The children were ______ ________ while their parents were_______ _______.
Key:①at, work
②at,play,at,dinner
11.open
1)用作動詞：open a door/window/a small shop/one’s hand/one’s eyes/one’s mouth/fire開門/開窗/開一家小商店/張開手/睜開眼/張開嘴/開火；be opened to traffic通車；open up開采（發(fā)）
2）用作形容詞：keep open開著門；be open開門、開業(yè)；cut…open切開；leave the door open 開著門；in the open air 在野外；an open secret公開的秘密；keep one’s eyes open睜眼
[應(yīng)用]選擇正確答案
①John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes________.(MET’92)
A.open B.to be opened
C.to open D.opening
②Some new oilfields ________since 1976.
A.were opened up B.has been opened up
C.have been opened up D.had been opened up
③The computer center, _________ last year,is very popular among the students in this school.
A.open B.opening
C.having opened D.opened
Key:①A ②C ③D
12.區(qū)別下列用法
1)as(so)far as 和……一樣遠，遠至（原級比較或表示距離）；就……來講
2)as(so)long as 和……一樣長（原級比較）；只要（引導(dǎo)條件
狀語從句）
3）as well as和……一樣好；既……也……（連接并列成分）
4）as good as和……一樣好；事實上（作狀語）
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①他們實際上已經(jīng)答應(yīng)幫助我們了。
They have ________ _______ ______ promised to help us.
②油漆后的這輛自行車和新的一樣。
Painted, this bike is _______ _____ ______ a new one.
③小李英語說得和漢語一樣好。
Xiao Li speaks English ______ ______ _____ she speaks
Chinese.
④他和他的父母對我都很好。
He _______ ______ ______his parents is kind to me.
⑤晚飯后我們一直到走山腳下。
After supper we walked _______ ______ ______the foot of the
hill.
⑥就我所知，他將離開兩個月。
______ ______ ______I know, he’ll be away for two months.
⑦只要努力，你一定會成功。
________ _________ ________you work hard, you’ll succeed in
time.
⑧這座新建的橋據(jù)說和舊的一樣長。
This newly – built bridge is said to be _________ ________
_________the old one.
Key:①②as good as;③④as well as
⑤as far as ⑥As, far,as
⑦As/so,long,as ⑧as,long,as
13.形容詞+with
be pleased with sb./sth.對……滿意；be satisfied with 對……滿意；be busy with sth.忙于某事；be careful with 對……注意、細心；be connected with與……有聯(lián)系；be lined with 排列，站隊；be patient with sb.對某人有耐心；be popular with受歡迎；be strict with sb.對某人嚴格要求；be wrong with 出毛病，不順心；be disappointed with對……失望；be angry with sb.生某人的氣
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①作為一名老師你應(yīng)該對學(xué)生有耐心。
As a teacher you should_______ _______ ______ your students.
②每條路旁都栽上了樹。
Every road ______ ______ _____ trees.
③我們老師對工作認真，對學(xué)生也很嚴格。
Our teacher is not only strict _________ his work but also________his students.
④夫妻都忙于工作，因而無暇顧及孩子。
Both husband and wife _______ ______ ______their work,so they
have no time to care for the child.
Key: ①be, patient,with
②is, lined,with
③in, with
④are,busy,with
14.heart短語歸納
lose heart 失去信心；lose one’s heart to sb./sth.愛上某人/事；give heart to sb.鼓勵某人；give one’s heart sb./sth.愛上某人/事；put one’s heart into 一心撲在某事上；heart and soul全心全意地；have a kind heart有一幅好心腸;break one’s heart使某人傷心；learn…by heart 記住，背誦；with a heavy/light heart 心情沉重地/輕松愉快地
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①這個隊一場比賽未贏，結(jié)果灰心了。
The team had won no game and it ________ ________.
②我們很奇怪她怎么愛上一個外國老頭。
We wonder why she ________ _________ ________ _______an
old foreigner.
③世上無難事，只怕有心人。
Nothing is too difficult in the world if you _______ _______
________ _______it.
④全心全意地為人民服務(wù)是一個黨員的義務(wù)。
It’s the duty of a Party member to serve the people ________
_________ _________ __________.
Key:①lost,heart
②lost,her,heart,to
③put,your,heart,into
④heart,and,soul
15.in the last few years.
該短語意為“最近幾年”，常和現(xiàn)在完成時連用，表示以前某時開始一直延續(xù)至說話時的動作或狀態(tài)。in可被during或over 替換。常用的還有：during the past ten days過去的10天里；over the last 5 months過去的5個月里；in the past few weeks 過去的幾周里如：
We’ve learned quite a lot of English over the past three years.
三年來我們學(xué)了不少英語。
[應(yīng)用]單句改錯
①Many factories were built in the last ten years in my hometown.
②Both my father and mother have been busy since the past few weeks.
Key:①改were 為have been
②改since為for/in/over
16.reduce
reduce the number of減少……的數(shù)量；
reduce the cost/one’s weight/the price/speed降低成本/減肥/降價/減速
注意：reduce是increase的反義詞。與by連用表示“減少了多少”；與to連用則表示“減少到多少”。
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①今年吸煙人數(shù)已減少了30%
The number of smokers has been reduced _________30%.
②現(xiàn)在一輛自行車的成本已降低到50美元。
Now the cost of a bike has been reduced _______50 dollars.
Key:①by ②to
17.chance
1)用于短語：
give sb.a chance給某人一次機會；
have a chance to do sth.有機會做；
miss a chance錯過機會；
lose a chance失去機會；
2)用于句型：
The chance is that…/ The chances are that…表示“有可能……”（句型中的The和That 可省略）。如：
The chance is (that)she’s already heard the news.
可能她已聽到那則消息了。
Chances are that the new machine will arrive tomorrow.
新機器可能明天到。
3）后接of 或that從句表示“可能性”。如：
He has no chance of winning the match.
他不可能贏得這次比賽。
There is a chance that I will see him.
我有可能見到他。
[應(yīng)用]一句多譯：
那里有可能藏著蛇。
The chances are that there is a snake over there.
There is a chance of a snake hiding there.
There is a chance that a snake is over there.
18．cause v.導(dǎo)致，引起
1）接名詞：cause an accident/trouble/death/a fire/a serious illness/damage引起事故/惹麻煩/導(dǎo)致死亡/引起大火/導(dǎo)致重病/造成損害
2）接雙賓語：cause sb.pain/trouble/damage給某人帶來痛苦/麻煩/損害
3）接復(fù)合賓語：cuase sb. to do sth使某人做某事
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①什么使她改變了計劃？
What _______ _______ ______ _______her plan?
②地震使所有的樓房倒塌了。
The earthquake ________ all the buildings ________ _______.
Key:①caused,her,to,change
②cuased,to,fall
19.permission短語歸納
ask for permission請求許可；
ask sb.for permission to do sth.請求某人允許做某事；
ask permission to do sth.請求得到允許做某事；
give sb.permission to do sth.允許某人做；
with one’s permission經(jīng)某人允許；
without one’s permission 未經(jīng)允許；
如：You have to ask the teacher for permission to do that.
你應(yīng)該得到老師的同意再去做那件事。
You have to ask permission to go there.
你應(yīng)該請求許可到那里去。
[應(yīng)用]選擇正確答案
No permission has _______ for anybody to enter the building.
(MET’88)
A.been given B.given
C.to give D.be giving
Key:A
20.接不定式和動名詞意義不同的詞
1）remember doing/having done記得曾做過某事remember to do記住去做某事 對比：
Do you remember meeting me at a party last year?
Please remember to write to your parents when you get there.
2)regret doing/having done 后悔做了（或沒做）某事/regret to do遺憾地去做某事 對比：
I regret telling her the truth.
I regret to say that you are completely wrong.
3）try to do 盡力去做/try doing 試著去做
對比：She tried to learn it by heart.
She tried adding more salt to the soup.
4)forget doing 忘記曾經(jīng)做過/forget to do忘記去做
對比：I forget reading about it in a magazine.
Don’t forget to shut off the gas when you finish cooking.
5)stop doing 停止做/stop to do 停止某一動作去作另一動作（說明停止的目的）
對比：They didn’t start until it stopped raining .
We stopped to see what was going on.
6)mean doing 意味著/mean to do 打算，意圖做
對比：Missing the train means waiting for an hour.
I meant to come, but a friend of mine went to see me .
7)want doing 需要（物作主語，動名詞主動表示被動）/want to do 想做（人作主語）
對比：The wall wants painting. I want to paint the wall myself.
[應(yīng)用]選擇正確答案
①-You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.(MET’95)
-Well,now I regret ________ that.
A.to do B. to be doing
C.go having done D.having done
②-I usually go there by train.
-Why not ________by boat for a change?(MET’92)
A.to try going B.trying to go
C.to try and go D.try going
③-The light in the office is still on.
-Oh ,I forgot _________.(MET’91)
A.turning it off B.turn it off
C.to turn it off D.having turned it off
④She reached the top of the hill and stopped _______on a big rock by the side of the path.(MET’90)
A.to have rested B.resting
C.to rest D.rest
⑤She didn’t remember _______ him before.(MET’88)
A.having met B.have met
C.to meet D.to having met
Key:①D ②D ③C ④C ⑤A
21.in.after表示“在……之后”
in接段時間，只用于一般現(xiàn)在將來時中；而after可以接點時間，也可以接段時間，可用于將來時，過去時。
對比：I’ll be back in two hours.我兩個小時以后回來。
I’ll be back after 2:00p.m.我下午2點以后回來。
He went to see his teacher and came back after two hours.
他去看望了他的老師，2個小時之后回來了。
A foreign film was shown after supper.
晚飯后放映了一場外國電影。
[應(yīng)用]選擇正確答案
①Your new suit will be ready _______ two days.(85高考)
A.in B．on C．for D．over
②The doctor will be free _______ .(MET’92)
A.10 minutes later B.after 10 minutes
C.in 10 minutes D.10 minutes after
Key:①A ②C
22.go/do without
該短語表示“沒有……將就著也行”。Without既是介詞也是副詞，亦即帶不帶賓語都行。
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①他沒錢買電視，只能過著沒有電視的日子。
He had no money for a TV set,so he had to _______ _______ ______.
②我們沒有地圖也行。
We have no map but we can ________ ________
Key:①go,without,it ②do,without
三、精典名題導(dǎo)解
1. These photographs will show you_________.
A.what does our village look like
B.what our village look like
C.how does our village look like
D.how our village looks like
本題答案為B。
精析：該題考查兩方面的內(nèi)容：a)賓語從句的語序問題；b）表示“……看起來像……”時，該用什么結(jié)構(gòu)。通常情況下，賓語從句中應(yīng)用正常語序，即：主語+謂語，不用倒裝語序，A、C應(yīng)排除。當(dāng)我們要表示“某人或某事物像……”之意時，須用“what…look like”的結(jié)構(gòu)，D不符。
2._________him and then try to copy what he does.(NMET 199912)
A.Mind B.Glance at C.Stare at D.Watch
本題答案為D。
精析：該題考查兩點：a)檢查使用祈使句+and…，祈使句+or的掌握情況；b)考查表感觀一組詞之區(qū)別。根據(jù)詞義A可排除；“glance at”表“看一看”，指“一看”的動作，顯然不合題意舍去。“stare at”表示“盯”
“凝視”之意，也不合題意，刪去。Watch表示“注視”的意思，正合題意。
表語從句是近年高考中考查重點之一，其原因有三：一是該從句很容易與賓語從句相混淆；二是它與主語從句在某些用法上有共同之處；三是動詞不定式，v-ing短語也可做表語，用起來極難區(qū)別。此外，交際用語的問語、答語形式也是高考�？嫉念}型之一，學(xué)習(xí)和復(fù)習(xí)時，應(yīng)倍加留心。
3.-Do you mind my taking this seat?
-__________. (NMET 199513)
A.Yes,sit down please B.No,of course not
C.Yes,take it please D.No,you can’t take it
本題答案為B。
精析：此題考查的目的是：檢查考生對由that引起的問句應(yīng)如何回答。通常，回答這種問句的方式有兩種：1）如果表示同意某人做某事（即表示不反對、或不介意）常可答：No,of course not. Certainly not.No,not at all. Oh,no,please.或No,go ahead;2)如表示不同意某人做某事（即表示介意），可答：I’m sorry,but…Sorry,but I’m afraid you can’t.從所提供答案來看，A、C、D均不合題意，刪除。B與題意相符。
4.Go and get your coat. It’s __________ you left it.(NMET 199115)
A.there B.where C.there where D.where there
本題答案為B。
精析：此題是考查表語從句的用法。A.there不能引導(dǎo)表語從句，排除；C.there where you left it,there之后不能用where引導(dǎo)的從句來修飾，故排除；D.where there,既用了引導(dǎo)詞where,就不能再用there,所以D也須舍去。
5.-Do you mind if I keep pets in this building?
-___________.
A.I’d rather you didn’t,actually
B.Of course not,it’s not allowed here
C.Great!I love pets
D.No,you can’t
本題答案為A。
精析：B、D選項直接拒絕，語氣過于生硬，不友好，C項過于熱情，不合實際，A項則回答得很委婉，有禮貌。
6．We all agree with him on_______he said.
A.what B.that C.why D.how
本題答案為A。
精析：位于介詞之后的賓語從句一般不能由what引導(dǎo)，但介詞except、in、but、besides除外，此題題干所給的介詞是on,所以，B不對。表示“所說（做，想）的”等意思時，應(yīng)用what,不用why,how.
7.I won’t go with you. It’s _________ cold outside today.
A.so much B.too much C.very so D.much too
本題答案為D。
精析：因cold為形容詞，不能用so much來修飾。very to為錯誤表達方式，故排除。too much 可用來修飾名詞、動詞。much too表“實在太”之意，用來修飾形容詞與副詞。
8.It’s wrong ________ help him.
A.for you to B.for you not to
C.of you to D.of you not to
本題答案為D。
精析：英語中形容詞可分兩類：一是描述主語的品行、道德行為的，如：nice,good,wrong,careful,careless,foolish,clever等。這類形容詞之后的不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)常用介詞of，其常用結(jié)構(gòu)為：It’s+此類形容詞+of sb.to do…;另一類是描述主語的性質(zhì)特點的，如：hard,easy,difficult,necessary,important等。用此類形容詞時，其后的不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，須用介詞for。因本句的形容詞是wrong，A、B排除；C為肯定式，不合題意，舍去。
9.-Would you go to the concert with me?
-_________,but I’m very busy now.
A.I’d like to B.Sure
C.No problem D.Certainly
本題答案為A。
精析：根據(jù)兩者對話的內(nèi)容結(jié)果來看，答方因自己目前很忙，委婉拒絕了對方的邀請。按照英美人的習(xí)慣，即使是拒絕對方的邀請，也要讓對方覺得自己是愿意接受對方邀請的，只是由于某種客觀條件的不允許，因故不能前往。B、C、D是表同意對方邀請之答語，不合題意舍去。