Teaching aims and demands
Goals:
1. Learn about differences between American and British English.
2. Learn about communication skills.
3. Use reported requests and reported commands.
4. Learn to write a passage comparing American and British English.
Useful expressions:
Language difficulties in communication
Can you spell that, please? Could you repeat that, please?
What do you mean by …? Could you speak a bit slowly, please?
Sorry, I didn’t follow you. I beg your pardon?
How do you say … in English? How do you pronounce …?
What does … means? Can you say that in a different way?
Useful phrases:
make oneself at home in total except for stay up come about
end up with bring in a great many at the same time
Grammar: Direct Speech and Direct Speech
Teaching plan I for Warming up
I. Point out the new words and phrases: bathroom, Nancy, make yourself at home, towel.
II. Ask students to listen to the tape.
III. Ask two students to read the dialogue aloud, while other students also read.
IV. Ask the students: what is it that Nancy thinks Joe wants? What is it that Joe is looking for? What is their misunderstanding about? (Answers: in American English the word “bathroom” means a place where there is a toilet and sometimes a bath or shower. In British English, the word “bathroom” means a place where there is a bath or shower and sometimes also a toilet. Joe wants to go to the toilet, but Nancy thinks he wants to take a shower.
V. Language points
1. Oh, there you are. Now then, did you have a good flight?
(1) There you are. 行了，好了
a. 直譯為“你在那兒”。here和there置于句首要比here/there用在動詞之后更表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，而且通常在含義上也有所不同。例如：
Tom is here. 湯姆在這里。（指他在這個屋子/樓/城市等里面）
Here’s Tom. 湯姆在這兒。（指他剛出現(xiàn)或我們剛發(fā)現(xiàn)他）
因此，此處there you are翻譯為“你來了”較為妥當(dāng)
b. 表示一種事情告一段落或有了最終結(jié)果的用語. 例如：
There you are! Then let’s have some coffee.
除此之外，還可以表示“瞧，對吧（果然如此）”的語氣。例如：
There you are! I knew we should find it at last. 對吧！我就知道我們最終能找到的。
(2) now then相當(dāng)于一個發(fā)語詞，意為“好了，對了，喂，嘿”，用來引起對方注意。例如：
Now then, what are you boys doing in my garden? 喂，你們這群孩子在我的花園里干什么？
2. You must be very tired. 你一定是累極了。
must這個情態(tài)動詞在這里表示的是很有把握的一種主觀判斷，意思是“一定，肯定”。作這一意思解釋時，must的否定形式是can’t，即“一定不”。例如：
A: That must be the Williams.
B: No, it can’t be them. They are away on holidays.
3. Why of course. 當(dāng)然可以啦。
4. make yourself at home 別客氣（別拘束）。
be / feel at home與make oneself at home中的at home意思是“好象在自己家里一樣無拘無束”。又如：
a. Our hostess made us all feel quite at home. 女主人使我們都覺得像在自己家里一樣無拘無束。
b. We were quite at home in the simple surrounding of their flat. 在他們布置樸素的公寓里我們感到很自在。
c. “Make yourself at home,” the landlady said to me as soon as I entered the house. 我剛一進(jìn)門，女房東就對我說：“別客氣，就像在你自己家一樣�！�
5. I mean, I found the bathroom, but I didn’t find what I was looking for! 我是說我找到了浴室，可沒找到要找的東西�。ㄟ@里指的是沒有找到馬桶。）
美國英語中，bathroom一般指有馬桶（toilet）的房間，但不一定有浴盆（bath）或淋浴設(shè)備（shower），英國英語中，bathroom必有浴盆或淋浴設(shè)備，但不一定有馬桶。
另外，在英國英語中，一般用toilet表示廁所，public toilet表示公共廁所；lavatory等同于toilet，但更正式些；WC也指廁所，特別是書面介紹建筑內(nèi)部設(shè)施時用到。美國英語中，一般用restroom或washroom表示公共廁所。
再有，男廁所是gents（英國英語）或men’s room（美國英語）；女廁所是ladies（英國英語）或ladies’ room（美國英語）。
VI. Introduce other word pairs that are synonyms in British English and American English in the table below:
British English American English British English American English
taxi cab autumn fall
transport transportation holiday vacation
petrol gasoline fortnight two weeks
main road highway rubbish garbage
underground subway dustbin trashcan
pavement sidewalk wardrobe closet
lorry truck flat apartment
car park parking lot ground floor first floor
secondary school high school lift elevator
university college term semester
Homework
1. Ask the Ss to remember to new word learned in class.
2. Ask the Ss to prepare for the next two parts: Listening and Speaking.
Teaching plan II
Listening
I. Ask students to look at the illustration and describe what they see.
II. Let the students listen to the tape a first time and ask them what the listening is about.
III. Ask students to listen to the tape a second time and if necessary make notes of the things that Mr. Brown has been asked and told by his landlady.
IV. If necessary, let the students to listen to the tape a third time.
Answers:
1. to put his coat on a peg
2. to put his coat in the closet
3. to take off his shoes
4. to put his umbrella in the umbrella stand
5. to lock the door if he comes home after midnight
6. to be quiet after nine o’clock in the evening
7. not to shower after none o’clock in the evening
8. not to smoke in the bathroom
9. to walk the dog
10. to turn down the radio
11. to speak quietly on the phone
12. to return the key of the front door
13. to help her find a new tenant for the flat
Speaking
I. Point out new words: pronounce, broad, repeat, ketchup, Karen, Thompson, Dave
II. Listen to the tape and complete the sentences in Sb.
III. Ask the Ss to think of another situation. Then make up another dialogue for three students and act it out in class.
Note:
…, is there anything that isn’t clear to you? 復(fù)合句，that isn’t clear to you是定語從句，修飾先行詞anything.
Homework:
1. Finish doing the listening exercise on workbook.
2. Prepare for the reading text.
3. Try to remember the useful expressions and could use them in everyday communication.
Teaching Plan III for Reading
Pre-reading
1. Ask different students in the class about the languages they can speak..
2. Ask the Ss. If they speak more than one language, in what situation they use the languages.
Reading
I. Skimming(略讀)：Ask the Ss to find out the subject sentence of each paragraph.
II. Scanning(查讀)：Ask the Ss to complete the table below:
Number of speakers Example country
The native language more than 375 million England, America…
The foreign language more than 750 million China…
The second language more than 375 million India, Pakistan…
III. Go through the passage sentence by sentence and list the language points:
1. around the world 全世界. 除此之外，我們還可以說all over the world，throughout the world
2. total (1)n. 總數(shù)。in total加起來，總計(jì)。例如：
In total, there must be around 1,000 people attending the meeting today.
(2) adj. 整個的，全部的，總數(shù)的。例如：
What are the total costs of the furniture we need?
(3) vt. 總數(shù)為，加起來是。例如：
The money left totals only $15. How can we get back home?
3. equal: (1) adj. 相等的，同等的，平等的。例如：
Divide the food into 21 equal dishes.
be equal to 和……相等，相當(dāng)于
(1) n. 同等或平等的人或物。例如：
Women should be equals of men.
(2) vt. 等于，和……相等。例如：
No one else in the restaurant equals his service.
4. of their own 他們自己的，還可以說their own。例如：
Please use the room of your own.或Please use your own room.
5. except, except for和except that的區(qū)別：
(1) except除去，除掉，指在整體中除去行為未發(fā)生者。例如：
Everybody went to visit the library except Jeffery because he was absent that day.
(2) except for除了有…之外，指在一個整體中除去其中某個或某些因素。需要注意的是用這個短語時，前后的兩個名詞的性質(zhì)不同。例如：
I like your apartment except for the decoration.
(3) except that除去，除掉，后接從句。
I know nothing about him except that he is a teacher.
Post-reading: Ask the Ss to answer the questions of this part one by one, then let them complete the summary.
Homework:
1. Ask the Ss to remember to new words and phrases learned in class.
2. Finish doing the vocabulary exercises on page 92 and 93.
3. Prepare for the part of Grammar.
Teaching Plan IV for Language study
I. Word study:
the teaching point of this part is to cultivate the habit and ability of the students when using English to explain new word.
Answers to the exercise:
1 D 2 E 3 A 4 F 5 C 6 H 7 B 8 G
II. Grammar:
Step 1: Introduction and Explanation
Direct and Indirect Speech (2): Requests and Commands
Giving orders or commands, or making requests in Direct Speech, you often use imperative sentences. When these sentences are turned into Indirect Speech we often use “tell/ask…(not) to do…”
Commands
Direct Speech:
“Don’t smoke in this room,” he said.
Indirect Speech:
He told me not to smoke in that room. Requests
Direct Speech:
Our teacher said, “Please Don’t smoke in this room.”
Indirect Speech:
Our teacher asked us not to smoke in that room.
Step 2. First, ask the Ss to finish doing the exercises of this part. Then tell them the correct answers. If they can’t understand to some exercises, they will be given the explanations.
Answers to Exercise 1:
Commands: 2,6
Requests: 1,3,4,5
Answers to Exercise 2:
1. “Don’t put your coat on the peg. Put it in the closet, please,” the landlady said to him.
2. “Stand still! Don’t move!” the young mother told her children.
3. “Lock the door after midnight. Don’t leave the door open after midnight,” mother said to me.
Step 3. Homework
1. Finish doing the Grammar exercises on page 93 and 94.
2. Prepare for the part of Integrating skills.
Teaching plan V for Integrating Skills
Step 1. Introduction
The reading text tells about the independence of the United States of America, the history of American and British English and the process of diversification of the two Englishes. Apart from conscious decision making, the desire to create a national language and various sources of language change are introduced with examples. The main differences between American and British English are explained. The gist of the text is that American and British English are in fact very similar and that Americans and Englishmen hardly ever misunderstand each other.
Step 2. Ask the Ss to listen to the tape, then get the main idea.
Step 3. Ask the Ss to do Exercise 1, the proofread the answers.
Answers to Exercise 1: CDCDD
Notes:
a. 表示發(fā)生的動詞或動詞詞組還有：happen, occur, come about, take, break out（爆炸）都不及物，一般都不用被動形式。
b. 與介詞to搭配表示“……的”，名詞除了answer之外，常用的還有reply, key, invitation, attitude, reaction, alternative, entrance等。
c. stay在這里作聯(lián)系動詞，意思是“保持”=remain/keep, 后接表語。
d. have difficulty (in) doing sth 在做……方面有困難
have difficulty with sth
have trouble (in) doing sth
have trouble with sth
be busy doing sth
be busy with sth
help sb do / to do sth
help sb with sth
Step 4. Read the next paragraph about loan words in English and summarize the main differences in vocabulary with examples in the table.
Step 5. Ask students which Chinese words have been taken as loan words from English. Examples: sofa(沙發(fā)), ballet(芭蕾), radar(雷達(dá)), chocolate(巧克力), toast(土司), coffee(咖啡), golf(高爾夫), jeep(吉普車), Internet(因特網(wǎng))…
Step 6. Ask students which other English words they know with variant spellings.
American English
neighborhood
labor
color
honorable
humor
favorite
theater
kilometer
meter
somber British English
neighbourhood
labour
colour
honourable
humour
favourite
theatre
kilometer
metre
sombre American English
center
traveling
labeling
canceling
controled
license
offense
practice
defense
organization British English
centre
travelling
labelling
canceling
controlled
licence
offence
pratise
defence
organisation
Step 7. Homework: writing
Write a short passage in which you compare American and British English or two dialects in Chinese.
Title What are you going to write about?
Paragraph 1 Introduction: Are the differences big or small?
Paragraph 2 Differences in vocabulary. Give some examples.
Paragraph 3 Differences in pronunciation. Add a conclusion.
Teaching plan VI for Exercises and Revision
Step 1. Check the Ss’ work to make sure if they have finished their homework.
Step 2. Proofread the answers of the exercises on workbook.
Step 3. Let the student ask questions if they get problems while doing the exercises.
Step 4. Review the useful expressions:
Language difficulties in communication
Can you spell that, please? Could you repeat that, please?
What do you mean by …? Could you speak a bit slowly, please?
Sorry, I didn’t follow you. I beg your pardon?
How do you say … in English? How do you pronounce …?
What does … means? Can you say that in a different way?
Step 5. Review the useful Phrases:
make oneself at home in total except for stay up come about
end up with bring in a great many at the same time
Step 6. Review the grammar: Direct Speech and Direct Speech
1. 轉(zhuǎn)述他人的請求
“Help me with my homework, please.” She said. →
She asked me to help her with her homework.
2. 轉(zhuǎn)述他人的命令
“Don’t smoke in the room,” he said. →
He told me not to smoke in the room.
“Make sure the door is shut, little,” she said. →
She told her little son to make sure the door was shut.
Answers to Checkpoint:
1). She asked me to help her with her homework.
2). Could you buy some bread for me, please?
3). He told me not to smoke in the room.
4). Please make sure the door is shut.
Step 7. Homework
1. Remember the new words and phrases of this unit.
2. Prepare for Unit 3.